a guide to prayer in islam.pdf

8/14/2019 A GUIDE TO PRAYER IN ISLAM.pdf

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ENGLISH103

A GUIDETO

PRAYERIN ISLAM

M. Abdul Karim Saqib

TheCo-operative fficeorCsll& o.eigne.s uidance t SullrnahUnderhe uoeftsronllvinistrvl sam Alla and ndowmenlandalandGu anceTe 4240C// 4251005P0 0x926i5Riyadh11663EnEullanah22@halmaom

ENGLISH 103

GUI ETO

PR YER

IN ISL M

bdul arim Saqib

The o operative Office for all foreigners Guidance at SultanahUnder the supervisIOn Ministry Islam i Hairs and Endowment and al and GuidanceTel 424 77 Fax 4251 5 POBox 92675 Riyadh11663 E mail Sultanah22@holmail com


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IN THE NAI}IE OF ALIJ\HTIIE MERCIFI,'L THE COMPASSIONAIE

IN IH N M O LL H IE MER IFUL IHE COMP SSION TE


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G U I D E TO P R AY E R

r i l r sLAM

Renearchednd Edited y:

Mohammed bdulKarim aqib.

Translated y:

ljazBegum aqib.

GUI E T PR YER

IN ISL M

Researched and Edited by

Mohammed Abdul Karim Saqib

Translated by

Ijaz Begum Saqib


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FOREWORD

There are many books dealing with the Subiect of Salat nboth Arabic and Urdu. Many of these books are vell writtenand provide an informative and comprehensive iew ofhow Salat should be performed according o the teach-ings of Prophet Muhammad (SAW). Unfonunately( hereare very few books n Englishwhich deal with the subject nthe same nformative and comprehensive ay.The books,which do exist, have hree main disadvantages.

First ly, l i terature concerning Salat available n English seither so brief that it does not cover essential points innearly enough detai l , or i t is so bulky and detai led hat itbecomes difficult to use it for quick reference, and es -

sential points may get ost in the unnece$sary etail.Secondly, he text of the Salat acks he quali ty of directresearch from the zunnah of the Prophet Muhammad(SAW). There are also books which contain material with-out any reference o the original sources.

Thirdly, the majority of books have been written accord-ing to the views held by certain schools of thought and fo rthis reason ome people hesitate o follow them.

Because f these weaknesses n existing iterature n Englishwe felt that the need existed to prgduce a medium sizedbook on Salat which would approach he subject according

io the teachings of the Prophet MuhammadSAW).

TheProphet, imself , aid,

"Pray as you have seen me praying."

Such a book needs.to contain all the essential etai ls ofSalat without being too bulky or complicated so that thereader can use t as a point oJ reference n a journey or athome.

f was also fel t that a comprehensive ook on Salat inEnglish would be useful for converts to ls lam and forMuslim youth brought up in this country. Keeping in

FOREWORD

There are many books dealing with the Subject of Salat inboth Arabic and Urdu. Many of these books are well writtenand provide an informative and comprehensive view ofhow Salat should be performed according to the teach-ings of Prophet Muhammad SAW). thereare very few books in English which deal with the subject inthe same informative and comprehensive way. The books,which do exist, have three main disadvantages.

First ly, l iterature concerning Salat available in English iseither so br ief th at it does no t cover essential points innearly enough detail, or i t is so bulky and detailed that itbecomes difficult to use i t fo r quick reference, and

sential points may get lost in the unnecessary detail.Secondly, the text of the Salat lacks the quality of directresearch fr om the sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad SAW). There are also books which contain material with-ou t any reference to the original sources.

Thirdly the majority of books have been written accord-ing to the views held by certain schools of thought and fo rthis reason some people hesitate to follow them.

Because of these weaknesses in existing literature in Englishwe felt that the need existed to prpduce a medium sizedbook on Salat which would approach the subject according

to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad SAW). TheProphet, himself, said,

Pray as you have seen me praying.

Such a book needs to contain all the essential details ofSalat without being too bulky or complicated so that thereader can use it as a point reference on a journey or athome.

It was also that a comprehensive book on Salat inEnglish would be useful fo r converts to Islam and fo rMuslim youth brought up in this country. Keeping in


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mind the needs of our brothers and sisters every effort hasbeen made to produce this book in simple and easylanguage.

During our research we sometimes found that differencesoccurred between established practices in various prayer

books. In these circumstances we referred to authentichadiths of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), so that thepoints could be clarified as much as possible. This was,because, or a true Muslim there is no greater proof forsettling arguments than authentic hadiths and practicesof Prophet Muhammad SAW).

We hope that Allah will accept this humble attempt be -cause without his support and help we would never havebeen abfe o do this work.

Finally we ask all our Muslim brothers and sisters o studythe text and to strive to pray according to it. lf anyonefinds anything unacceptable or to be against he sunnah

of the Prophet (SAW) we would be grateful f they worrldinform us .

Muhammad bdul KarimSaqib

6

mind the needs of our brothers and sisters every ffort hasbeen made to produce this book in simple and easylanguage.

During ou r research we sometimes found that differencesoccurred between established practices in various prayer

books. In these circumstances we referred to authentichadiths of the Prophet Muhammad SAW), so that thepoints could clarified as much as possible. This wasbecause fo r a true Muslim there is no greater p ro of f orsett ling arguments than authentic hadiths and practicesof Prophet Muhammad SAW).

We hope tha t Allah will accept this humble attempt because without his support and help we would never havebeen able to do this work.

Finally we ask all our Muslim brothers and sisters to studythe t xt and to strive to pray according to it. f anyonefinds anything unacceptable or to against the sunnah

of the Prophet SAW) we would be grateful if they wo ldinform us.

Muhammad Abdul Karim qib

6


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c0ilrEilrs

ForewordNotesChapter One

Before doing Wudu (Ablution)Tooth Stick (Siwak)Niyat for Wuflu (Ablution)Actions of wudu (Ablution)Special acilities n Ab.ution.Du'i[ at the end of AblutionTayammum

Chapter TwoTime of $alat (Prayer)

Forbidden Times for PraYerPlace or $alat (PraYer)Dress or $alat (Prayer)Types of $alat (Prayer)Far{ or ObligatoryPraPrNafl PrayerSunnat Mu'akkadah conPulsory)Nafl (extra) PraYerNumber of Rakats

Chapter ThreeStory of AianThe Muai2inText of the AianAian for FajrListening o the AianDanidafter the A2anDu'ii after the AianlqamatText of Iqamat

Pages

. . . . . t 2

. . . . . t 2

. . . . .2J2

. . . . . r2, . . . . .3. . . . . 3

. . . . . 6

, . . . . . t 7. . . . .8. . . . . . . .8

. . . . . 9

. . . . . 9

. . . , .9, . . . . .20

5t0

l 4r6

2022222323242425252626

ONT NTS

ForewordNotesChapter One

Before doing Wuqu Ablution)Tooth Stick Siwak)Niyat for uc lu Ablution)Actions of wudu Ablution)Special facilities in Ab.ution.Du a at th e en d of AblutionTayammum

Chapter TwoTime of Prayer)Forbidden Times fo r PlayerPlace for Prayer)Dress for Prayer)Types of alat Prayer)FarQ or ObligatoryPra}erNafl PrayerSunnat Mu akkadah (canpulsory)Nafl (extra) PrayerNumber of Rakats

Chapter ThreeStory of AzanThe MuazzinText of th e AianAzan for FajrListening to the AZanDariidafter th e AzanDu a after the AzanlqamatTe x t of Iqamat

7

Pages

5 1

..............................12

3

3 4 16

16

.............................. 17 8 8 9 9 9

.............................. 20

.............................. 20

..............................22

23

23

.............................. 24

.............................. 24

..............................25

..............................25 26 26


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Chapter Four'Sutra

QiblahIntention NiYat)Takbir TahrimahFolding of handsRecitation before FatihahTa'awwuzfasmiahSurahFatihah

Ruku (&owing)Du'as n Ruku

Du'is in QawmahFirst SajdahDu'[s in Sajdah

Second RakatTashahud

Fnding the PrayerDu'6s after Salutation

Chapter FiveWitr Prayer

. . . . .28

. . . . .28

. . . . .28

. . . . .28

. . . . .29

. . . . .29

. . . . .29. . . . .30

. . . . .30

. . . . .3

:":::::::::::::::::::::::::. . . . .37. . . . .38. . . . .38

. . . . .40

. . . . .40

:::::::::::::::::::::::.:::::.

Recitation of Surah Fatihah Bdrind an Imam ..-.-.32Ameen . . . . .32Recitation after Surah Fatihah .........-....-.33

Qawman standing fterRukfr) ................36

Jalsah sittingbetween wo Sajddrs) .....39Second Sajdalt .....40Jalsah+-Istarahat sitting or rest) .........40

Standing p for thirdRakat ................41$alat Alan-Nabi Darfid) ................42Du'5safter $alat Alan-nabi Darfrd) ........42

Number of Rakat of Witr PraYer

Time of Witr PrayerHow to Pray WitrDu'i Qunfit n witr Prayer ................50Text of Du'E QuniltJumah FridayPrayer) .................5Importance f FridayPrayer ..---...........51lmportance f Cleanlinessor lriday Prayer .....51Going arly o Friday Prayer ...-............52

I

Prayer before Jumalt

Chapter Four 28 Sutra 28Qiblah 28Intention Niyat) 28Talcbir Tahrimah 29Folding of hands 29.Recitation before Fatihah 29Ta awwuz 30 fasmiah 3Surah Fatihah 31Recitation of Surah Fatihah Behind an Imam 32Ameen 32Recitation after Surah Fatihah ._ 33Ruku J,owing) 34Du as in Ruku 35Qawman standing after Rukii) 36Du as in Qawmah 37First Sajdah .38Du as in Sajdah 38Jalsah sitting between two Sajdcbs) .39Second Sajdah 40Jalsah-e-Istarahat sitting for rest) 40Second Rakat 40Tashahud 40Standing up for third Rakat .41 Alan-Nabi Dariid) -. .42Du as after Alan-nabi Dari xl) .42Ending the Prayer 45Du as after Salutation .45

Chapter Five 48Witr Prayer .48Number of Rakat ofWitr Prayer 48Time of Witr Prayer 49How to Pray Witr 49Du i Quniit witr Prayer 50Text of Du i Qunilt 50Jumah Friday Prayer) 51Importance of Friday Prayer 51Importance o f Cleanliness for Iriday Prayer 51Going early to Friday Prayer 52Prayer before Jumah 52

8


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Listening o Khutbah (SermonPrayer after JumahEid PrayerJunazuh lrayerConduct, f Janazah rayer

Fint l-akbirDu'Es of startingSurah FatihahRecitation of a SurahSecond TakbirThird TakbirDu'frsof JanazahEnding he Janazah PrayerFourth TakbirPrayer During a JourneyWhen o shorten and combine Prayers . . . . . . . .62Duration of journeyNafl Prayer on a ourney .63

oo oa oo oo oo t t

::::::::::::::::::::::::ii.5456s75 75 75 85 85 85 9596r6 l6 l

63

9

Listening to Khutbah Sennon 53Prayer after Jumah 5Eid Prayer 5Janazah l rayer 56Conduct If Janazah Prayer 57

First Takbir 57Du as of starting 57Surah Fatihah 58Recitation of a Surah 58Second Takbir 58Third Takbir 59Du as of Janazah 59Ending the Janazah Prayer Fourth Takbir Prayer During a Journey When to shorten and combine Prayers 62D-uration of journey 63Natl Prayer on a journey 63


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thtes about the TransliterationThe ollowing ystem as been dopted 0 represent :orrespondingsounds f he Arabic lphabet .

Ar.rbicetter EnglishEquivalent ExampletArab ic ) Example(Eng l i sh )

abtrhJhkh

diI2sshI{I1,ghfgk

Imnwh\

of the letter

v

IYdr

,i

cccJj

))

tA

,.*. c

f-bee

15

(l,

JIot

j

Allah Applebismillah batTi rmiz i loyuthman throughJabi r iugRaheem [ateKhalifah no English

equivalentDn,mi lbeAian reEemble

fur liverzahid gerosal5m seenshuaib shopsalat sardinewudu no equivalentfahir no equivalentguhr razorJam6'at no equivalentMaghrib no equivalentFajr lanlqamat queenkitab f,eenJibreel leanMuhammad l[oonNisai noonwu{u fialletjanazah [our

no equivalentt in the middle

L5

t o

year

otes about the ransliteration

The following system has been adopted to represent correspondingsounds of the Arabic Alphabet.

ArJbic letter English Example ExampleEquivalent I Arabic) ( English

a Allah b bismillah bat

t Tirmizi oy th uthman t.Drough-o JC J Jabir jug h bateC kh Khalifah no English

equivalent..) d Dn.mi the Aian

r Asr river z zahid ero

IJ s salam sh shuaib mopJ'

o

d no equivalent, fahir no equivalent ? , JamIt at no equivalent gh Maghrib no equivalent f Fajr- fan

q Iqamat queenk kitab feen

J I Jibreel lean m Muhammad loonU n Nisai noonj w wUQu wallet

h janazah ttour

, no equivalent( in the middle of the letter)

c y year

10


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The following system has been adopted o represent ome of thecomplex ounds f the Arabicanguage.

A macron -) placed n a transcribed rabic vowellengtheningf the sound f that etter.

Arabic English

Equivalents

e

Example

(Arabic)

AilAh

Raheemistanja

0awfid

awwal

indicates

Example

(Ensl i sh

Apple

seensitseenheboottruesewshovelbaY

age

eeI

i o r e ehTu-u

awawwayaYyivv

r5 l)I

6'1llj iii

$it5 i13t

Note: $ometimes n Arabic etter changes ound ccording0 itspositionn the word; or example; hethert is at the heginning,nihe middle r at the end. n such ircumstanceshe Arabicetter asheen epresentedy more han neEnglishquivalent.

Abbrwirtionr

The ollowing bbrwiationsave een sedn hisbook.

$ ,A.Uv, $tt ul. LllltjALAYlllIA $Al,-At

I PtACr t0 8l.tS$lll0F ALtf{8t uP0t {lt I

RA0tAil.llfJ Ailll||lillA

I tAy Aruil 8t PLtA$t01lh lllt l{tR

R. A.

1 1

The following system has been adopted to represent some of thecomplex sounds of the Arabic language.

A macron - placed on a transcribed Arabic vowel indicateslengthening of the sound of that letter.

Arabic English

Equivalents a

\ sL eeJ iSo i or ee

b hi u 1 u aw 1 aww

51 ay ayy iyy

Example

Arabic

Allih

Raheemistanja

Dawud

awwal

Example

English

Apple

seensitseenheboottruesewshovelbay

age

Note: Sometimes an Arabic letter changes sound according to itsposition in the word; for example; whether it at the beginning, inthe middle or at the end In such circumstances the Arabic letter hasbeen represented by more than one English equivalent.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviationshave been used in this book.

So W SAl l l L NU AlAYHI W SAL LAM

PEACt ND LESSING OF AllAH E UPON HIM

R RADI ALLAHU NH U NH

M Y ALLAH E PLEASED WITh M HER

11


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Chcrpter IB E F O H E O I N G I J O U

lf someone eeds o go o the oi let , e should se he oilet nddoistanja efore oing udu.

A B L U T I O

SIWAKTOOTH STICK)

It is a good practice o clean he eeth with a ooth-stick, r a ooth-brush before erforming udu. n this way you can avoidmanydiseases hich re aused y uncleaneeth.

fu mentionedn the hadith isha R.A.) eported llah 's essen-geras saying:-The use f a tooth-sticks a means f purifyinghemouth nd s pleasingo the Lord swell (Ahmad. armi, nd Nisai l

Prophet uhammad S.A.W.) lso aid:- lf I wouldn't ave eltthat t is diff ic ,ul tor my people wouf have rdered hem o usetooth-stick ith every rayer, hat s, before oing ach udu. So ,muslimshould lwaysry to fulf i l hiswish f ourProphet S.A.W.).

MAKTNGNTENT|0N 0RWUgU N|YAT)

Before tarting he actions wu{u it is necesary 0 make niyat.MakeNiyat hat the act of performing uf,u s for the purpose fpurityonfy. Niyat hould e made n the heart ecause t isan actionof he heart ndnot of he ongue.

Niyatby words s not approved y Prophet uhammad S.A.W.l.

Then start he wu{u by saying:- Bismillbhir-ra[rmair-raheem(ln he name f Allah,most raciou$, ostmerciful)"

ACTIO]tISORPER ORMIIIIG8LUTIOI{.

l. Wash he hands p to the wrist making ure hat n0 part of thehands s eft dry.

2. Rinse he mouth aking pwater ;th he ighthand.

3. Clean he nose: niff water p from he rightpalmand hen ejectwaterwith he eft hand.

1 2

h pter BEFORE DOING WUQU

someone needs to go to the toilet, he should use the toilet and doistanja before doing wudu.

ABLUTION

SIWAK (TOOTH--STlCK)

It is a good practice to clean the teeth with a tooth-stick, or a tooth-brush before performing wudu. In this way you can avoid manydiseases which are caused by unclean teeth.

s mentioned in the hadith Aisha (R.A.) reported Allah s messen-ger as saying:- The use of a tooth-stick s a means of purifying themouth and is pleasing to the Lord as well )

(Ahmad. Oarmi, and Nisai .Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ also said:- f I wouldn t have felt

that it s difficult for my people I would have ordered them to use atooth-stick with every prayer, that is, before doing each wuQu. Somuslims should always try to fulfil this wish of our Prophet (S.A.W.).

MAKING INTENTION FOR WUI}U (NIYAT)

Before starting the actions 0 it s necessary to make niyat.Make Niyat that the act of performing s for the purpose ofpurity only. Niyat should be made in the heart because it is an actionof the heart and not of the tongue.

Niyat by words s not approved by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).Then start the by saying:- Bismillah nir-raheem(In the name of Allah, most gracious, most merciful)

ACTIONS FOR PERFORMING ABLUTION.

1. Wash the hands up to the w rist making sure that no part of thehands is left dry.

2. Rinse the mouth taking up water with the right hand.

3. Clean the nose: sniff water up from the right palm and then ejectwater with the left hand.


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a. {ash the face, rom ear o -eat, nd orehead o chin making urethat no part of the ace s eft dry.

5. Then rvash he forearms right orearm irst) up to the elbou,smaking ure hat no partof them s eft dry.

6. Rub he head s ollows:-Wet your ingers nd hen wipe he head ith your ingerqnstartingfrom the forehead, aking hem o the nape f the neck, henbring hem back o the orehead.

7. Clean he ean by nsertinghe ipsof the ndex ingers etted ithunter nto the ears, wist hem around he foids of the ears henpass he humb ehind he ears rom he bottom, pwards.

8. *Washthe feet (right oot fint) up to the ankles making urethat no parb of the feet are eft dry, especially etrueenhe oes.

*SPECIALFACILITIESi l ABLUTIOT{Eubbing he sockswith wet hands nstead f washinghe feet

allowed, rovided hat he socks ave een ut 0n afterperfonr' rgan ablution, ncluding ashing he eet.This s aflowedor 24 hoursfrom he imeof ablution, nd or3 days f the personsona ourney.After his ime he eet must bewashed. imilarlyf there s a woundin any pars of the bodywhichhas o be washed n ablution, nd fwashing hat particular art s ikely 0 cause arm, t is permisibleto wipe he dressing fthe woundwitha wet hand.

HAOITH

Mughira inshu'bah aid, "Prophet S.A.W.) erformed blutionand wiped ver is ocks ndhis andals."

(Ahmad, irmizi, bu Dawild, nd bn Maiah).Each etail f ablution as een erformed y Prophet uhammad

(S.A.W.) nce, wice 0r three imesexcept

ubbing f head an dcleaning f ears, .e. actions and 7 should only bb done once).Since all the above methodsmeet Prophet S.A.W.)t pproval ecan perform blution y doing he actions nce, wice r hree imes.providedhat no parthas been eft drY.

Amr bin Shuaib, uoting is ather n the authority f his grand'father narrated hat ProphetMuhammad S.A.W.) aid, lf anyoneperforms ctions f ablutionmore han 3 timesrhe as donewrong,tramgresed, nddonewickedly.

OU 'A TTHEEi lDOFABLUTIOT{

"Ashhadu n 5 tahaillal dhu mh dahu f shareeka ahfi

1 3

(Nisai,bn Majah)

4. Wash the face, from ear to ear, and forehead to chin making surethat no part of the face is left dry.

5. Then wash the forearms (right forearm first) up to the elbowsmaking sure that no part of them s left dry.

6 Rub

thehead as follows:-

Wet your fingers and then wipe the head with your fingers,startingfrom the forehead, taking them to the nape of the neck, thenbring them back to the forehead.

7. Clean the ears by inserting the tips of the index fingers wetted withwater into the ears, twist them around the foids of the ears thenpass the thumb behind the ears from the bottom, upwards.

8. *Wash the feet (right foot first) up to the ankles making surethat no parts of the feet are left dry, especially between the toes.

SPECIAL FACILITIES IN ABLUTION

Rubbing the socks with wet hands instead of washing the feet;

allowed, provided that the socks have been put on after perfonr ,lgan ablution, including washing the feet. This is allowed for 24 hoursfrom the time of ablution, and for 3 days if the person is on a journey.After this time the feet must be washed. Similarly if there is a woundin any parts of the body which has to be washed in ablution, and ifwashing that particular part s likely to cause harm, it is permissibleto wipe the dressing of the wound with a wet hand.

HADITH

Mughira bin shu bah said, Prophet (S.A.W.) performed ablutionand wiped over his socks and his sandals.

(Ahmad, Tirmizi, Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah).Each detail of ablution has been performed by Prophet Muhammad

(S.A.W,) once, twice or three times (except rubbing of head andcleaning of ears, i.e. actions 6 and 7 should only be done once).Since all the above methods meet Prophet (S.A.W,} s approval wecan perform ablution by doing the actions once, twice or three times.provided that no Dart has been left dry.

Amr bin Shuaib, quoting his father on the authority of his grand-father narrated that Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said, If anyoneperforms actions of ablution more than 3 times,he has done wrong,transgressed, and done wickedly.

DU A AT THE END OF ABLUTION

Ash hadu an iI ahaiIIallahu wah dahu Ifshareeka lahu

3

(Nisai, Ibn Majah)


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wa ash aduatrnailluhammadanabduhEwarruluhu: Mrnliml.

fi;*lt f

"e,j'i

$jli,Et l,fglilfS *r i;*i

rfi'i-*$s;#l"Allahhummai alnseminattrpwlbmn sni hlneominalmub ph-hiren." Tirmiril.


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4. Finish ith the sameDu'das given t the end of ahlution.

f{ote: 0ther proceduresnclude he forearms ndshoulders swellmarmpits. hese ave been ransmitted y reputable cholan ut themost referablendauthentics hat given bove.

oooooo

1 5

4 Finish with the same Du a as given at the end of blution

Note: Other procedures include the forearms and shoulders as well asarmpits These have been transmitted by reputable scholars but themost preferable and authentic th t given above

o o

o o


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Chspter 2TIME - PTACE - DRESS and - TYPES OF SALAT

I. TIMEOFSALAT

Each,qalat.Tult be offered t or during_iu roper ime.. No plat crnbe offered efore ts time. There re ive.obligatorydat iiiiaai.

FAJR RAYEB

The ime for the Fajr or the morning rayer tarts t dawn andends tsunrise.

ZuhrPnyerThe ime for Zuhr or the earlyaftemoon rayer tarts when he

sun begins o decline rom ts zenith and endr wtren he izeof anobiectt hadowsequal o the size f the obiect.Jabir bin Abdulfah R.A.lnarrated, The angel ibreel am s

to Prophet uhammad S.A.W.) nd said o him, Standup andpray Zuhr'.So the messenger f Allah (S.A.W prayed Zuhrwhen he sun had declined rom its zenlth. Then ne AngetJibreel ame gain t the time of Asr and said, Stand up andPray AsriThen ProphetMuhammad S.A.W.) rayedAsr'whenthe shadow f everything as equal o itself. hen ibreel am ethe next day o ProphetMuhammad S.A.W.) nd said, Stand p and pray Zuhr'. Then ProphetMuhammad S.A.W.) rayedZuhr when he shadow f everything as equal o itself.ThenJibreel ame gain t Asr ime and said, Standup and prayAsr'.Then he prayed ur when he shadow f everything vas rvice

i ts engthTherr ibreel aid, after raying 0prayers ith Prophet uham-mad S.A.W.) n nruo onsecutiveays) hat he ime of prayeris n between h$e two timesl"

Ahmad, Nasai, Tirmizi and Bukhari emarked hat this isthe most uthentic adith ivinghe imes f prayer.

We find that many books on $alat tate he ending imeof Zuhr prayer nd the starting ime of fui prayerwhEn heshadow f something s twice tself. But this contradicts heabove adith s0n he irst dayJibreel sked rophet uhammad(S.A.W.)0 pray ur when he shadow f everything as equafto itself. his means hat was he end ime of Zuhr prayer. ndwe already now hat all the ulamas f the Muslim Ummah

1 6

hapterTIM PLACE DRESS and TYPES O SALAT

TIME OF SALAT

Each must be offered at or during its proper time.. No flist Clnbe offered before its time. There are five obligatory falatin a day.

FAJR PRAYER

The time for the Fajr or the morning prayer starts at dawn andends at sun-rise.

Zuhr PrayerThe time for Zuhr or the early afternoon prayerstarts when the

sun beginsto decline from its zenith and ends whenthe size of anobject'sshadow is equal to the of the object.Jabir bin Abdullah (R.A.)narrated, The angel Jibreel came

to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and said to him, Stand up andpray Zuhr'. So the messenger of Allah (S.A.W \ prayed Zuhrwhen the sun had decl ined from its zenith. Then the AngelJibreel came again at the time of Asr and said, 'Stand up andPray Then Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayed Asr whenthe shadow of everything was equal to itself. Then Jibreel camethe next day to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and said, Standup and pray Zuhr', Then Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) prayedZuhr when the shadow of everything was equal to itself. ThenJibreel came again at Asr time and said, 'Stand up and pray Asr'.Then he prayed Asr when the hadow of everythingwas twiceits length _Then Jibreel said,(after praying 10 prayerswith ProphetMuham-mad (S.A.W.) in two consecutive days) that the time of prayeris in between thesetwo times:

Ahmad, Nasai, Tirmizi and Bukhari remarkedthat this isthe most authentichadith giving the times ofprayer.

find that many books on the ending timeof Zuhr prayer and the starting time of Asr prayer when theshadow of something is twice itself. But this contradicts theabove hadith as on the first day Jibreelasked Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.) to pray Asr when the shadow of everything was eQuatto itself. This means that was the end time of Zuhr prayer.Andwe already know that all the ulamas of the Muslim Ummah


17/65

agree nanimouslyhat n0 prayer an be offered efore ts ime.Arr Prryer

The rme or Asror ateafternoon rayer tarts hen he shadowofsomethings equal o tself nd ndsustbef re unset .

It is better o offer ur prayer ef re he sunbeeomes ellowbecause ven hough t is allowed o offer the orayer t thist ime he Prophet S.A.Y{.}isl iked uslimso 0elay ur prayerup to this time. He remarked hat the Munafiq Hypocriteloffered isprayer t his ime.

Maghrib raycrThe ime or the Maghrib r th0 sunset rayer tarts ust aftersunset ndends hen wilight as isappeared.

sha rayerThe ime or lsha r night rayer tarts rom he disappearai tueof wil ight ndends ustbefore idnight .

It i i preferableo offer his prayer eforemidnight ut itcan e offered ight o n the break f dawn'

l,lote: In countries here ue o cloudyweather he sun s notalurnys isible t is advisableo follow printed alendars ivingheaccurateimeof each raYer.F O R B I D D E NI M E S FP H AY E R

uqbah in Amirsaid, There ere hree imes twhichAllah 'smessengerS.A.W.) sed o forbidus o pray 0r bury our dead.( i) When hesunbegan o rise ntit t was ul ly up.(ii) When he sun was at its height at midday il it passed

the meridian,( i i i ) When hesun rew ear o set t ing il l t had etl '

( M U S L I M )F O B B I D D E i lI M E S O RN A F L R AY E R

{i} Abu Sa'eed l Khudree R.A.) eported l lah 's mes$enger(S.A.W.) s saying, No prayer s to be said after he Fairprayer until the sun rises, r after he fur prayer ntilth e

sun etsl' (Bukhar i '& usl im)

Only nafl prayer s forbidden t these imes but a missedfard prayer ande offered.Mostof the ulamas f the MuslimUmmah allowed he offeringof missed ard prayer afterFajr nd ur because f he ollowingadith

Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.) aid, '1/Vhohas orgottenthe prayer he should pray t whenever e remembers ti '

(Bukhar i Musl im)

(ii) A nafl prayer annot be offered once he lqamat or fardprayer has been said. Abu Hurairah larrated hat the mes-

1 7

agree unanimously that no prayer can be offered before its time.Asr Prayer

The time for Asr or late afternoon prayer starts when the shadowof something is equal to itself and ends just before sunset.

It s better to offer Asr prayer before the sun becomes yellowbecause even though it s allowed to offer the prayer at thistime the Prophet (S.A.W.l disliked Muslims to Oelay Asr prayerup to this time. He remarked that the Munafiq (Hypocrite)offered his prayer at this time.

Maghrib PrayerThe time for the Maghrib or sunset prayer starts just aftersunsp.t and ends when twilight has disappeared.

sha PrayerThe time for Isha or night prayer starts from the disappearanceof twilight and ends just before midnight.

It s preferable to offer this prayer before midnight but itcan be offered right uo to thp. break of dawn.

Note: - In countries where due to cloudy weather the sun s notalways visible is advisable to follow printed calendars giving theaccurate time of each prayer.

FORBIDDEN TIMESOF PRAYERUqbah bin Amir said, There were three times at which Allah'smessenger (S.A.W.) used to forbid us to pray or bury our dead.(i) When the sun began to rise untir it was fully up.(jj) When the sun was at its height at midday til it

the meridian, iii) When the sun drew near to setting till it had set:

(MUSLIM)FORBIDDEN TIMESFOR NAFl PRAYER

(i) Abu Sa'eed l Khudree (R.A.) reported Allah's messenger(S.A.W.) as saying, No prayer s to be said after the Fajrprayer until the sun rises, or after the Asr prayer until the

sun sets: (Bukhari-& Muslim)

Only naf1 prayer is forbidden at these times but a missedfard prayer can de offered. Most of the ulamas of the MuslimUm'mah allowed the offering of missed fard prayer afterFair and Asr because of the following hadith

Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) said, Who has forgottenthe prayer he should pray it whenever he remembers it:

(Bukhari Muslim)

ij) A nafl prayer cannot be offered once the Iqamat for fardprayer has been said. Abu Hurairah nal'rated that the mes:


18/65

senger f Allah S.A.W.l aid, t{hen the qanlat as been aid,thenrthere s no prayer al id Naflor sunnat) xcept heFard rayer or which he qamat as aid."

(Ahmad Muslim)

It is seen n practice hat many people ontinue ith thesunnat rayerwen though he iqamat as been aid or th efar{ prayer pecially n the Fajr prayer. hey eel hat he2 Rakat unnat f Fajrcan only be offered efore he Far{.This practice s against ongregation hilosophy, isciplineof Jamd'at, nd a clear violationof Hadith.They shouldoffer 2 rakat sunnat of Fair mmediately fter he Fard orafter unrise.

2 . PLACE ORSALAT

A place r a building hich s used or the purpose f woshipand prayer s called mciid (Mosque). hadith ellsus hat "allthe earth has been endered or the Muslims, mosque Pure ndclmn)."

This mears hat wherever muslim might be he can offer hisprayerbut the reuard of a prayer ffered n a mosque s far grmErthan hat offered n an ordinary lace. he ollowing oints houldbe notedwhen hoosing place or prayer.

(a) The place hould e clan and pure.$alat n a dirty, ilthy andimpure place such f a rubbish ip, slaughter ouse, athingplace nda camel en s orbidden.

(bl The place hould be free rom danger. he danpr could bedue o someone r something hat may disturb he worshipper.

(c) A prayer place where he worshipper ighthinder movementof others houldbe avoided, .g. busy pavements, ublic oad-

ways etc.(d) lt is orbidden o prayon he oof of BaitullahKa'bahl.

(e) lt is orbidden o prayon op of or facing owards grave.

3. DRESS ORSATAT

MEN

(i) The dres for the men should e such hat t covers rom thenavel o the kneemt ect.

1 8

senger of Allah (S.A.W.) said, When the Iqamat has been saidthen there is no prayer valid (Nafl or sunnat) except theFard prayer for which the Iqamat was said.

(Ahmad Muslim)

It is seen in practice that many people continue with thesunnat prayer even though the iqamat has been said for the prayer especially in the Fajr prayer. They feel that the2 Rakat sunnat of Fajr can only be offered before the This practice is against congregation Philosophy, disciplineof Jama'at, and a clear violation of Hadith. They shouldoffer 2 rakat sunnat of Fajr immediately after the Fard orafter sunrise.

PLACE FOR SALAT

A place or a building which is used for the purpose of worshipand prayer is called a masjid (Mosque). A hadith tells us that allthe earth has been rendered for the Muslims, a mosque (Pure andclea l).

This means that wherever a muslim might be he can offer hisprayer but the revvard of a prayer offered in a mosque is far greaterthan that offered in an ordinary place. The following points shouldbe noted when choosing a place for prayer.

(a) The place should be clean and pure. in a dirty, filthy andimpure place such as a rubbish tip, slaughter house, bathingplace and a camel pen is forbidden.

(b) The place should be free from danger. The danger could bedue to someone or something that may disturb the worshipper.

(c) A prayer place where the worshipper might hinder movementof others should be avoided, e.g. busy pavements, public road-

ways etc.(d) It is forbidden to pray on the roof of Saitullah (Ka'bah).

(e) It is forbidden to pray on top of or facing towards a grave.

3 DRESS FOR SALAT

N

j) The dress for the men should be such that it covers from thenavel to the kneesat least.


19/65

(iil ThEshouldershould ot be eft uncovered.

(iiil $alat can be prayed n one garment f it covers he bodyfrom he navel o the knees s wellas he shoulders.

"None of you must pray n a sin$e garment f whirh nopart omes ver he shoulderj'

( B U K H A R IM U S L I M }

lf, however, he grment is not long enough o uover heshoulders hen parts of the body between he navel ndthe knees hould t east ecovered.

WOM N

The dress f the woman hould be such h at it covers er wholebody from head o foot leaving nly the face and he hands n'covered. prayer ffered n transparent lothing s not valid.Alsotight fittingcfothing hichshows he shape f the body shouldbe avoided.

4 . TYPES F SALAT

a) Fard r obligrtory alat.

Fard prayer s an obligatory rayer. very believers orderedby Allah o offer ive obligatory rayers n a day. Failureoobserve ny one of the five obligatory rayers s a serious ndpunishablein.

b) ltlaflPrayer.

This s a voluntary rayer hich he Prophet S.A.W.) bservedbefore r after Fard at special nd solated ccasions.t also

includeshose hich e encouraged uslimso prav.The NaflPrayer anbe dividednto hree ategortes.

( i) Sunnat u 'akkadahcompuhory)

That s hose hic,h re mphasizedy he HolyProphet S.A.W.)and offered egularly y him before or after he Fard prayrlr.

( i i l GheirMu'akkadahoptional)

That s those ffered nly occasionally y Prophet uhammad(s.A.w.l.

r9

(in The shoulders should not be left uncovered.

(iii) alat tan be prayed in one garment if it covers the bodyfrom the navel to the knees as well as the shoulders.

None of you must pray in a single garment of whilh nopart comes over the shoulder:'

(BUKHARI MUSLIM)

If, however, the garment not long enough to cover theshoulders then parts of the body between the navel andthe knees should at least be covered.

WOMEN

The dress of the woman should be such that it covers her wholebody from head to foot leaving only the face and the hands uncovered. A prayer offered in transparent clothing not valid. Alsotight fitting clothing which shows the shape of the body shouldbe avoided.

TYPES OF

a) or obligatory alat.

prayer is an obligatory prayer. Every believer orderedby Allah to offer five obligatory prayers in a day. Failure toobserve anyone of the five obligatory prayers a serious andpunishable sin.

b) NafJ Prayer.

This a voluntary prayer which the Prophet (S.A.W.) observedbefore or after at special and isolated occasions. It also

includes those which he encouraged Muslims to pray.The Nafl Prayer can be divided into three categones.

i Sunnat Mu akkadah (compulsory)

That those which are emphasized by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.)and offered regularly by him before or after the

(ii) Ghair Mu akkadah (optional)

That is those offered only occasionally by Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.).


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(iiilthfl Prryrr Extnl

Thb s an extraprayer. here s a rewardor prayingt andnosin or eavingt. lt can eoffered tany solatednstance ccord-ing o the imeand apacity f hebeliever. rophet uhammad(S.AW,) ncouragedhe believers0 pray nall to help makeup for any minor mbsions r other efec$ n the obligatorypraysr.

5. TUTIBEROFRAKATS ORTHEFIVEOETIGATORY RAYERS

(il FrirPrryrr.

2 rakar unnat u'akkadah,Rakats ard.

(ii) ZuhrPrryrr,

2 or 4 rakats unnat u'akkadah, rakab ar{,2 rakats unnatMu'akkadahndan unspecifiedumber f nafl o imeand ap-acity lloun.

lbn Umar R.A.) aid l prayed lone ithAllah'smesengel(S.A.W.) rakats efore nd 2 rakats fter he Zuhrprayer."

( B U K H A R IM U S L I M )

rakats unnat before Zuhr2 rakat sunnat before he

It is a familiarpractice o offer 4prayer, ut this hadith proves hatZuhrprayer s also llowed.

(iiilArr Prryrr.

2 0r 4 rakat sunnat $rair Mu'akkadah, rakats Fard.Ali(R.A.) aid, Allah'smessenfr S.A.W.}sed 0 pray rakafubefore e prayer sparatanghem itha salu ation........"

(TlBft l lZl l

Another adith a rrated y Ali(R.A.) ays, Allah's esenger(S.A.W.}sed o pray w'o akas efore srprayer."

(ABU AWUO}

(ivlMrghrib rryar.

2 rakats afl, 3 rakanan unspacified umber

fard,2 rakats unnatMu'akkadahndof nafl 6 time and capacity llows.

Abdullah in Mughaffaleported he Prophet S.A.W.) s aying,

2 0

(iii) Nell Preyer Extrl)

This is an extra prayer. There is a reward for praying it and nosin for leaving it. It can be offered at any isolated instante atcord-ing to the time and capacity of the believer. Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.) encouraged the believers to pray natl to help makeup for any minor omissions or other defects in the obligatoryprayer.

5. NUMBER OFRAKATS FORTHE FIVE OBLIGATORY PRAYERS

Fejr Prlyer.

2 rakats sunnat Mu akkadah, 2 Rakats

ii) Zuhr Prlver.

2 or 4 rakats sunnat Mu akkadah, 4 rakats 2 rakats sunnatMu akkadah and an unspecified number ofnafl time and cap-acity allows.

Ibn Umar (R.AJ said I prayed alone with Allah s messenger(S.A.WJ 2 rakats before and 2 rakats after the Zuhr prayer.

(BUKHARI MUSLIM)

It a familiar practice to offer 4 rakats sunnat before Zuhrprayer, but this hadith proves that 2 rakat sunnat before theZuhr prayer is also allowed.

iii) Asr Praver.

2 or 4 rakats sunnat ghair Mu akkadah, 4 rakats Fard.Ali (R.A,) said, Allah s messenger,(S.A.W,) used to pray 4 rakatsbefore Per prayer separatingthem with a salll tation........

(TfRMIZI)

Another hadith narrated by Ali (R.AJ says, Allah s messenger(S.A.WJ used to pray two rakats before Asr prayer. _

(ABU DAWUO)

(iv) Meghrib Preyer.

2 rakats nafl, 3 rakats fard, 2 rakats sunnat Mu akkadah andan unspecified number of nafl time and capacity allows.

Abdullah bin Mughaffal reported the Prophet (S.A.W.) as saying,

2


21/65

"Pray before he Maghrib rayerj' ddingwhen saying t th ethird ime, This pplieso hose ho wish o d0s0."

( E U K H A R t & U S L | M I

That was because e did not wish people 0 treat t as a com-pulsory unnat .

2 rakats aflafter unset ndbefore he maghrib rayerare a l lowed or t l iose vho wish o do:0 . For his he abovehadith s a sure proof. However, ome eople orbid hisandothers ind it very srrange f they see a person ffer2 rakatsnaflbefore aghrib.

(v) lshaPmyer.

An unspecif ied umber f nafl rakats ccordingo the t imeand apacity, rakats ard, 2 rakats unnatMu'akkadah,n-specif ied umber f nafl as time and capacity l loran nd 3witr.

Some people nsist ery emphatical lypon he offering f 4rakats optional unnat efore he isha prayer ut during ourentire esearch e could not find a single roof,any practiceor order rom Prophet uhammad S.A.W.) r his companionsto just ify his claim.Certainlyt is al lowed a pray naflwhilewait ingor Jamd'at.

Some people offer 2 rakats nafl after he witr prayer. How-evet, here s an authentic adith whichstates hat the witrprayer hould e offered fterall he nafl whicha person ishcsto pray ave een ffered.

lbn Umar H.A.) eported hat he Mesenger f Allah S.A.W)said, Makewitras he at prayer f yournight rayerl'

(MtsHAT I

o

2 1

Pray before the Maghrib prayer; adding when saying it thethird time, This applies to those who wish to do so.

BUKHARI MUSLIM

That was because he did not wish people to treat it as a com-pulsory sunnat.

rakats nafl after sunset and before the maghrib prayerare allowed for tliose who wish to do ::0. For this the abovehadith s a sure proof. However, some people forbid this andothers find it very suange if they see a person offer 2 rakatsnatl before Maghrib.

v Isha Prayer.

An unspecified number of nafl rakats according to the tim eand capacity rakats fard, rakats sunnat Mu akkadah, un-specified number of nafl as time and capacity allows and 3witr.

Some people insist very emphatically upon the offering of 4rakats optional sunnat before the isha prayer but during ourentire research we could not find a single proof, any practiceor order from Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ or his companionsto justify this claim. Certainly it s allowed t pray nafl whilewaiting for Jama at.

Some people offer 2 rakats after the witr prayer. How-ever, there s an authentic hadith which states that the witrprayer should be offered after all the nafl which a person wishesto pray have been offered.

Ibn Umar (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of Allah S.A.W.said, Make witr as the last prayer of your night prayer:

MISHKAT

o o o

21

o o


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Chspter tAZAN IQAMAT

As you know, n alf Muslim ountries Aian is calledaloudfive imes day and you must ave eard t. Have ou ever onderedhow t stafted?

sroRY Fn2nr*rA long ime agowhen he Muslims igrated rom Makkaho Madinahthey used o agree bout fixed ime or the congregationalrayer.They ound t difficult 0 remember he time ixed or the prayer

sometimesrespeciallyhen hey were busy doing heir work. On eday Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.) nd the Muslims iscused hematter of calling he people or the congregational rayer t theexact ime. Some f the believers uggestedhe use f somethingikethe bell of the Christians, thes suggestedhe uss of a horn ike hatof the Jews, ut Umar R.A.) uggestedending omsone0 announcethe prayer. Then Allah's MessengerS.AW.) appointed ilal t0call he people 0 prayer. ut t seems hrough he study of ahadiththat the method was not satisfactory. hen Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.} greed o use a Naqoose a eonch), omethingike the bellof Christians ut he wc not happy o use t because f itssimilaritywith the Christians.

AfterProphet uhammadS.A.W.) ad ordered bell o be madeso that it could be struck o gather he people o prayer; n thatsame ay a companion, bdullah in Zaidbin Abd Rabbihirsaid,lvrras leeping hen sawa man carrying nagoose n his hands, ndI said, Servantof Allah,willyou self his o me?' When e ckedwhat I woufddo with it?l replied,that e would use t to call hepeopfe 0 prayer. esaid, Shalf not guide ou o somsthing etterthan hat?' repliedr'Certainly',o he nld me 0 sav,

'Allehu Akbar, AllEhu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, AltdhuAkMr, ,Ash hadu an lE ildha illal lEh, xh hdu an li il6haillal lEh, Ash hadu an-ru, Mufiammadar resitut4en, Ash haduan-na MuQammadAr rafilullEh, bayya

'al4 galEh, bayya'alq galdh fuayya'alal fa6h, fuayya

'alal-falEh AllEhuAktur, AllEhu Aktur, G ilffia illal lilh.'l

'

22

hapter AZAN IQAMAT

As you know, in all Muslim countries Aian is called aloudfive times a day and you must have heard it. Have you ever wonderedhow it started?

ST RY AZAN

A long time ago when the Muslims migrated from Makkah to Madinahthey used to agree about a fixed time for the congregational prayer.They found it difficult to remember the time fixed for the prayer

sometimes especially when they were busy doing their work. Oneday Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ and the Muslims discussed thematter of calling the people for the congregational prayer at theexact time. Some of the believers suggested the use of something likethe bell of the Christians, others suggested the use of a horn like thatof the Jews, but Umar (R.A.) suggested sending someone to announcethe prayer. Then Allah s Messenger (S.A.W.) appointfd Bital tocall the people to prayer. But it seems through the study of ahadiththat the method was not satisfactory. Then Prophet Muhammad(S.A.WJ agreed to use a NaQoose (a oooch), something like the bellof Christians but he was not happy to use it because of its similaritywith the Christians.

After Prophet Muhammad (S.A.WJ had ordered a bell to be madeso that it could be struck to gather the people to prayer; on thatsame day a companion Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abd Rabbihi said, was sleeDing when I saw a man carrying a naqoose in his hands, andI said, Servant of Allah, will you sell this to me? When he askedwhat I would do with it?t replied that we would use it to call thepeople to prayer. He said, Shall I not guide you to something betterthan that? I replied/Certainly so he told me to sav.

AI/ahu Akbar A/llJhu Akbar Allahu Akbar AI/shuAkbar,. Ash hadu an ilaha illal lah, ash hadu an la ilahaiI allah Ash hadu an-na Mul ammadar resulu//iJh, Ash haduan-na Mul ammadilr rasulul-llJh, I ayya a/Sf a/ah payya alSf payya alaI falal , Qayya alaI-fa I lh AllahuAkbar, AI/ahu Akbar La ilaha iI/allah.


23/65

After the Aian the stranger ept quiet or a while and hensaid, lhen the congregations eady ou should ay:- AllihuAkbar,All6huAkbar.Ashhadu n i lilahallal ah, uh hadu n'na luham-madar as0lul-lifr, ayya

alaqgalih, bayyaalal fal-ah, ad qEma is

satah, ad q6ma ii iaieh,A[l6huAkbar,All6huAkbar, i ilihillalH h .

When told Allah'sMesengerS'A.W.)

n the morning hatI had eenrheaid,l t isa rue ision,nsha 'Allah,ogetup along i thBilal, ndwhen ou have aught imwhat you have een et him useit in making he call o prayer, or he has stronger oice han yo uhave'.

So got up alongwith Bilaland begnn o teach t to him, andhe used t in making he call o grayer..

Umarbin al-Khattab eard his when he wu in his house, ndhe came ut trailing iscloak nd aid, Mesengerof Allah S.A.W.),by Him who has ent ou with the ruth, have een he same indoi thing as has been evealed'' o thi s Allah's Mesenger S.A.W.)replied, Praisebe o Allah "''

(Darmi, tmad, bn Maiah,bn, Khuzahah, irmizi)So from that day 0n t0 the present ay Aian is said o gather

peopleor he congregational

rayer.

THEmun2iruA person ho calls people or the congregational rayer s calleda Mua2iin Before ayinghe Aian he should tand acing a'bahin Makkah.He should aise is hands o his ean putting he tipsof forefingersnto his ears nd call n a loud voice.Whenhe saysHavva alC Saldh e should urn his ace o the right and when he$yi'flayya"aialFalElr e should urn his ace o the eft.

TEXTOF THE A'NT.I

f.-5{Ji i-.;3 $et - ;3 fti'i'*-::;l,'}A,,"iiflfif {\tfr::t ',ri,\ r'^ll9e1;41

rt^t\Fui'#&)'rjsAil, jr, J#fsJa, St offi

"rji*rt'rF"i l -e9^1-rr

';*V

og{.dt&G va$5t'e%,'r{Si,Aii\'i5fu"t

'o'"i'r9yUfX

2 3

After the Aian the stranger kept quiet for a while and thensaid, When the congregation is you should say:- Allahu Akbar,Allfihu Akbar, Ash hadu an ii lilaha iIIallah, Ash hadu anna Muham-madar rasOlul-lah, 'ala, salah, bayya alai qad qama tis qad qama tis salah, AII3hu Akbar, Allahu Akbar, la ilatll illallah.

When I told Allah s Messenger (S.A.W.) in the morning whatI had seen1he said, It is a true vision, inshaAllah,so get up along withBilal, and when you have taught him what you have seen let him useit in making the call to prayer, for he has stronger voice than youhave .

So I got up along with Bilal and began to teach it to him, andhe used it in making the call to praver.

Umar bin al-Khattab heard this when he was in his house, andhe came out trailing his cloak and said, Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.),by Him who has sent you with the truth, I have seen the same kindof as has been revealed , To this Allah s Messenger (S.A,WJreplied, Praise be to Allah '

(Oarmi, Ahmad, Ibn Majah, Ibn, KhuzaicDah,Tirmizi)So from that day on to the present day Aian is said to gather

people for the congregational prayer.

THE MU izlN

A person who calls people for the congregational prayer is calleda Muaziin Before saying the Aian he should stand facing Ka bahin Makkah. He should raise his hands to his ears putting the tipsof forefingers into his ears and call in a loud voice. When he says he should turn his face to the right and when hesays alai he should turn his face to the left.

TEXT OF THE l N

lr

l j (i,\


24/65

Allihu AkbarAllah s he greatestAllEhu AkbarAllah s he greatestAllahu AkbarAllah s he greatest

Allihu AkbarAllah s he greatesrAsh hadu an lE il6ha illal l1hI bearwitnes hat here s no deity but Allah.Ash hadu an ld it1ha iilat LEhI bearwitnes hat here s no deitybut Allah.Ash hadu an-na Muhammadar rasulul EhI bearwitnes hat MuhammadS.A.W.Is he messenger f Allah.Ash hadu an-na Mul"tammadar rasulul lEhI bearwitness hat MuhammadS.A.tiJ.)s he messenger f Allah.Hayyalalag galahtiome o prayerHayya'alag sal1hCome o Prayer.

Hayya'alal falahCome o your GoodHayya'alal falahCome o yourGodA.Alldhu AkbarAllah s the greatestAllahu AkbarAllah s he greatestLE ildha illal lahThere s no deity but Allah.

ainru FoR A"IB

An additional hrase s included n the Aian for the Fajr prayerafter he second

thyya

'alalFal6h

:'j,lrr'+:+' it>iate+Att;Hr)-iit

4tr+1lfl Kh-ayrum inan nawm - prayerisbetter han leep.As.ralatu Khayrumminan narvm- prayerisbetter han leep.TISTEIIIilGOTHEA2Ail

ll when he beliaren ear he Aian theyshourd isten o ir in

2 4

l l ihu kbar

Allah the greatestAlliJhu kbarAllah the greatest l lahu kbar

Allah the greatest

AlliJhu kbar

Allah the greatestAsh hadu an la i ha i I a l lah bear witness th t thp.re no deity but Allah.Ash hadu an la i laha illal LahI bear witness th t there no deity but Allah.Ash hadu Muhammadar rasululliJh bear witness th t Muhammad S.A.W.) the messengerof Allah.Ash hadu an-na Muhammadar rasululliJhI bear witness th t Muhammad S.A.W.) the messenger of Allah.

;ome to prayer ;Iayya ala salahCome to Prayer.

/;/ayya alaI falal)Come to your GoodI; ayya alaI falalJCome to your Good. l l ihu kbar

Allah is the greatest l l ihu kbar

Allah is the greatestLlI i l iha illal LahThere is no deity but Allah.

AZAN FOR FAJR

An additional phrase is included in the Aian for the Fajr prayer fter the second alai

minan nawm . Khayrum minan nawm-

LIST NIN TO TH N

Prayer better than sleep.Prayer is better than sleep.

1) When the believers hear the Aian they should listen to it in


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silence nd epeat ach hrase f the Aian in silencemmedi'ately fter he Muaiiin has inished ayingthehrase.

2l When he Muaiiin says:- layyaal4 salEh nd Havya'alal-

fal-ah. thQ ljstener hould ay n reply:--Lahawla ala uw'wata llaBil-hh.

3) When he Aian has een ompleted,he istener nd heMuaiiin recite Oariid unto Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.}follomif by the Du ;.

OARiiD FTERHEAZAN

J3 3t h\i3 +fu,J I'gG,; f.e- ULJljfrtifu:irb'++P?;i,"f *1ai,+G1 r' .a't'*ith.l''i+V,1,# -JI:$ W "*l Jt F i $t . JL1tV

dt *4'q# U'L-i;+tJ:. )t &i

"AlEh humma Eal-li hlE Mufiammadin wa'ald 1li Muftam-

madin kamE qal-layta'alE lbr1hffima wa 'ald ili lbrEhemainnaka fiamedum maied."

"0h Allah, et your peace ome upon Muhammad S.A.W.) ndthe family of Muhammad S.A.W.} s you have ent peace po nlbrahim tA.S.) and his family. Truly you are praiseworthy ndglorioug:"

ilEh humma ffirik 'alE Mul\ammadin wa 'alE 6li Multam-madin kamd bitakta 'ali lbrhheema wa 'alE Eli lbrEheemainnaka hamedum maied."

"0h, Alah,bles Muhammad S.A.W.) nd he amily f Muhammad(S.A.W.) s you hare blessed brahim A.S.) nd his amily.Trulyyou arepraiseworthyndglorious."

DU'A FA2AN

H,':.\L3\3),:il,i-*{6r-tff:tr{+L:7iur:t

d+V,Ei-id;JF

silence and repeat each phrase of the Aian in silence immediately after the Muaiiin has finished saying the phrase.

2) When the Muaziin says: t:tayya and I:tavya alatfal ah . the listener should say in reply:-- Lahawla Wala quw-wata Ina Bil-lah.

3) When the Aian has been completed, the listenerand theMuaziin recite Dariid unto Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.)followed by the Du a.

OARUO AFTER THE AiAN

Allah humma l1li ala Mul)ammadin wa a li al i Muf1ammadin kama a li Ibraheema wa ala al i Ibraheemainnaka lJameedum majeed.

Oh Allah, let your peace come upon Muhammad (S.A.W.) andthe family of Muhammad (S.A.W-l you have sent peace uponIbrahim (A.S.) and his family. Truly you are praiseworthy and

humma barik ala Mul}ammadin ala al i Mu/;Jammadin kama blJtakta alll Ibraheema wa aliJ al i Ibraheemainnaka I}ameedum majeed.

Oh, Allah, bless Muhammad (S.A.W.) and the family of Mlihammad(S.A.W.) as you have blessed Ibrahim (A.S.) and his family. Trulyyou are praiseworthyand glorious.

OU OF Z N


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't|*.-*3,\tA'"r;\3'2,i#;\'rlJi?,'ttv'ei3iyi

o'nJJUb$ty"AllEh humma rabbaHathi hid da'wa tittdm mati was sald

tit Oi imati hiiMufiammada ni waseelatawal Fa{eelata wab 'ath-humaqimam mahmhda nillazee wa ad tahfi."

"0h Allah Lord of this complete rayer f oun. By the blesingof it, give Muhammad S.A.W.) is eternal ightsof intercesion,distinction nd highest lass in paradise). nd raise im t0 thepromisedank ouhave romisedim.

Jabir R.A.) eported llah 'sMesenger S.A.W.) s sayin$ lfanyone ays when he hears he Aian '0 God, Lordof thisperfectcal land of the prayer hich s establishedoral l ime, rantMuham'rmad S.A.W.)he Wasila ndexcellency,nd aise imup n a praise-worthy positionwhich you have promised', e will h asured ofmy ntercession."

(Bukhari)

IOAMAT

lqamat s the second all o prayer nd s uttered mmediately eforethe beginning f the obligatory rayerofferedwith congregtion.

TEXTOF OAMAT

o'@N 54';i\i,ltl ly:,iYt'J\'rIal

c,,arrCi: \'r;:Ltt SagcAY.aStt,s r, *:e,:t& e

6'-qrt.r *\ii3 i'e &tl5't3iii. :rl *y:r{'1.,'i$i;{\'i3 %i

Allahu AkbarAllah s he greatestAllahu AkharAllah s hegreate$t

2 6

Allah humma rabbaHazhi hi d t ittam mati was salati l Qa imati i iiMuhammada ni l waseelatawa f ar Jeelata wab maqamam mahmuda n iltaiee wa ad tahu

Gh Allah Lord of this complete prayer of ours. By the blessingof it, give Muhammad (S.A.W.) his eternal rights of intercession,distinction and highest class (in paradise). And raise him to thepromised rank you have promised him.

Jabir (R.A.) reported Messenger (S.A.W.) as saying, Ifanyone says when he hears the Aian , 0 God, Lord of this perfectcall and of the prayer which established forall time, grant Muham-Imad (S.A.W.) the Wasila and excellency, and raise him up in a praise-worthy position which you have promised', he will be assured ofmy intercession.

(Bukhari)

Q M T

Iqamat is the second call to prayer and is uttered immediately beforethe beginning of the obligatory prayer offered with congregation.

T XT O O M T

Allahu Akbar

Allah the greatest llahu AkbarAllah the greatest


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Ashhadu an d il6ha illal l6hI bear itnes hat here s no deity ut Alah.Arh hadu anna Mufiammadar sfrlul lEhI bear itnes hat MuhammadS.A.W.} the m$sengpr fAllah.Hayya alaq ldhGomeo prayerHayya hlal faldhComeo yourgoodQad qmatiS galEh

Jaml'atis cadyQad qlmatiq sal6h

Jamt'at s reaCyAlldhu AkbarAllahs he GnatestAll1hu AkbarAllahs he greatestLE ldha illal lEhThere sno deitybutAllah.

This ext of lqamat s the same that mentionedn the hadithof Abdullah in Zaidbin Abd Rabbihi ttowc the int to haYea vision boutAzan.

2 7

Ashhadu en ilaha il/alliJhI bear witness that there is no deity but Allah.Ash hadu anna Muhammadar rasulullah bear witness that Mu hammad S.A.W.) the messenger of Allah. Ia yya alaf BlahCome to prayer/:Iayya alaI fa/a/}Come to your goodDad QiJmatis salah

Jaml atis readyDad qamatis salah

Jam. at l l ihu k b r

Allah the GreatestAI/shu k b rAllah the greatestLa ilaha ill ll hThere no deity but Allah.

This text of Iqamat the same that mentioned in the hadithof Abdullah bin Zaid bin Abd Rabbihi who the. first to have

a vision about Azan

= = = = = = = = = =


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Chopter 4CONDUCT Ot ' SALAT (PRAYER)

SUTRA

Before a person staru t0 pray he should place omethingshort distancen front of him of the place here e prmtratc do eSajdah). uc,h n object s called UTRA nd s used hen he pemonis praying lone.A person asing nfront of the penon n prayer,should ass n he outside f thesutra.

lf someone s praying n congregation,hen he mam ac8 asthe sutra. The mam, however, ust have is own ndividual utrainf ront f h im.

0 fEtAH

Wherever person s in the world, he should ace owards heKa'bah hen e s goingo pray. he Ka'bahs n hesacred osgueof Makkah n Saudi rabi. Facing owards iblah Ka'bah) s a veryimportant condition of performance f prayer. However, f th eperson s in a place uch as a desert, ungle, nknown trange ityor a placewhere e does ot know he diiection f the Oiblah, eshould ry his best o f ind out he direct ion f Oiblahrom othen.However,f it is not possiblehen he should se his udgment ndface n a direction hichhe thinks s that of Oiblah ndAllahwillaccept isprayer.

f is mportant o start he prayer acing he direction f 0iblahand t does ot matter f his d;rection hanges hilehe s prayinge.g. n a ship, train ran aeroplanetc.

N0TE: Nowadays, compas s available hichgives he direct ionof 0iblah. n strange laces nd aeroplanest is a useful nstrumentto poses.

I i lTEt t lT |ON

After acinq he 0iblah he person houldmake iyat inten-t ion) ,The n tent ion s made i th in his mind, 0 he person houldth inkabout he par t icu larb l iga tory,p t ionalor naf lprayer e n-tertds 0 perform.He should ot utter he words of niyataloud,as h is s notauthent ic rapprovedy he ProphetS.A.W.).

2 8

hapterCONDUCT OF S L T PRAYER

SUTRA

Before a person starts to pray he should place something short distance in front of him of the place where he prostrates doesSajdah). Such an object is called SUTRA and is used when the personis praying alone. A person passing infront of the person in prayer,should pass on the outside of the sutra

f someol le is praying in congregation, then the imam acts asthe sutra The imam, however, must have his own individual sutrainfront of him.

QIBlAH

Wherever a pernon is in the world, he shoul d face towards theKa bah when he is going to pray. The Ka bah is in the sacred mosqueof Makkah in Saudi Arabi. Facing towards Qiblah Ka bah) is a veryimportant condition of performance of prayer However, if theperson is in a place such as a desert, jungle, unknown strangecityor a place where he does not know the direction of the Qiblah, heshould try his best to find out the direction of Qiblah from othersHowever, if it is not possible then he should use his judgment andface in a direction which he thinks is that of Qiblah and Allah willaccept his prayer.

is important to start the prayer facing the direction of Qibtahand it does not matter if his o;rection changes while he is prayinge.g. in a ship, a train or an aeroplane etc.

NaTE: Nowadays, a compass is available which gives the directionof Qiblah. In strange places and aeroplanes it is a useful instrumentto possess.

INTENTION

After fac.ing the Qiblah the person should make niyat inten-tion). The intention is made within his mind, so the person shouldthink about the particular obligatory, optional or natl prayer he in-ten ds to perform. should not utter the words of niyat aloud,as this is not authentic. or approved by the Prophet S.A.W.L


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qinee min kha6yEya Ram'a yunag-qath thawnul a,by$minad dan*i, AtEh hum maghsilnie min KhatEyEya bilmEee wath thalii wal bardi." (Bukhari and Muslim).

"0 Allahset me apart rom my sins m East nd West reapartfromeach ther.

0 Allah,cleanse e rom my sinsas a white garment s uleansedfromdirt after horough CIhing.

0 Allah, nsh me off from my sinswith water, nowand hail."

lf a penon does not know the du'd ust mentioned hen heshould ecite he followingone. Umar (R.A.) is reported o hatreused hisdu'a- fter aying akbir ahrimah.

3 i+U iS'#-.. I ,rVj'.t)iL|j;,fr)t it;rirg,, ,eaSi;al,i;

" SubfrEna KaltEh humma wabi fiamdika watabhrakasmuka wata'ald ad-duka wali ildha ghamtk.

"Gfory be to you, 0 Allah, and all praisss ro due uflto yoorand blesseds your name nd high s your maie$y nd none s wnlryof wonhipbut youJ'

A person an read both du 6s, ogether r just one of tftem orpy of the other du'6swhich are approved y Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.),andrtherere about 7. These u'&can be bund n differerttplaces f sevenl Books of Hadith, .g.Mulim, Tirmizi,Musnad.r I.* Ahmad, bu.Dawid, Dar-qulni, isai, bn Majah, bn llibban,Muatta mamMalik).

All of the 7 du'f,s can be read qether before ecitfutg urahFatihah.

This recitation s called Du'#ul-lstiftah hich means DuE ofstarting. ui-ul lstif ahshould nly be recited n the first rakat.

TA,A}WYUi

Then he person ho s praying hould ay:-

t;,:;rrp,i*lr 4;'(;*i" A'uiu biLEhi minah Shaygd nir-raipm.""l seek llahtprotect ionrom atan ho s accursed."This hould nlybe aid n he irst akat .

TASMIA}I

Then he penon ho s praytng hould ay:

3 0

qinee mi n khafiJyaya kama yunaqqath thawIJul abyaquminad danasi, All ih hu m maghsilnee mi n Khatayaya bi lmaee wath thaJji wal bardi Bukhari and Muslim).

0 Allah set me apart from my sins as East and West are apanfrom each other.

o Allah, cleanse me from my sins as a white garment is deansedfrom dirt after thorough washing.o Allah, wash me off from my sins with water, snow and hail.If a person does not know the duli just mentioned then he

should recite the following one. Umar (R.AJ is reported to haveused this du i after saying Takbir Tahrimah.

\ , ,.. :_ \ --.

; 4

Subpana Kallah humma wabi f)amdika wataliiJrakasmuka wata ala jad-duka wall illJha gh;wruk.

Glory be to you, 0 Allah, and alt praises are due unto youand blessed is your name and high is your majesty and none is won vof worship but you:

A persol 1 can read both du ls, together or just one of them orany of the other du as which are approved by Prophet Muhammad(S.A.W.),and,there are about 7. These du as tan be found in differentplaces of several Books of Hadith, e.g. Muslim, Tirmizi, Musnad-.Imam Ahmad, Abu Dawiid, Dar-qutni, Nisai, Ibn Majah, Ibn Hibban,Muana Imam Malik).

All of the 7 du as can be read together before rettting surahFatihah.

This recitation is called Dua:ul-Istiftah which means Du i ofstarting. Du/a-ullstiftah should only be retited in the first rakat.

T w w u i

Then the person who is prayingshould say;

,,; - _ .. ; v

A uiu bi/./ahi minash Shayta nir-rai-eem.1 seek Allah s protection from satan who is accursed.

This should only be said in the first rakat.

TASMIAM

Then the personwho is praying should say:

3


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o+ij}$rj1 PF,"Bism l Eh hir'nhmd n r-rahnm. ""ln the name f Allah, he mmt kindand he mostmercifuli'Thisshould esaid n wery akat efore ecitingurahFatihah.

SURAH ATIHAH

Then he percon rayinghouldeciteurahFatihah.

;Du i:-*il Id4l 6 ;# 6 rP. ;u"t-it5+:^J '.'i;{" Vyi'*4i AVL ;rV ;l] e =1ei#i( g rt,ur= e*idrig;;ott

- *t"l'S dJ,b\tiirydJb-';ih"F"Alltamdu | l-Ehi rab-hi '6lameen.Ar rafrma-nir-ralrem.Mefiki yawmid - den.

lyydka na'budu waiyyaka nasta'een.Ihdl nag sirital mustagmm.$iragal Laieena an'amta

'alayhim.Ghayril maghQubi -hlaVhim walay'ddl-leen. A,mffin."

"Praises unly or Allah, ordof the Univene.The most ind, he mostmerciful.Themaster f the Dayof Judgment.Youalone eworship nd o youaloneun pray or help.Show s he straight ay,the way of those hom ou have lessed.Whohave ot deserved ouranger,Norgone stray."

Reciting atihahsso mportant hat Prophet uhammad S.AW.)said thit no prayer wG acceptable iqhout he recitation fFatihah.

a) Ubadah in Samit R.A) reported ll:th'sMessengerS.A.W.)as saying: There is no prayer cceptable ith_outeciting$ol,Fatihah.;' BukhariMuslim, hmad, bu Dalfrd, Tirmizi,Nhai,lbnMaiah) .

b) Abu Hurairah n.A.) eportedhat he MessengerfAllah S.A.W.)was saying hat anyone ho prayed ny kind of prayer nddid

3 1

, J_ ..._

Bismfllah hir-rabma nir-raheem.In the nam e of Allah, the most kind and the most merciful:

This should be said in FNery rakat before reciting surah Fatihah.

SUR H TIH H

A/hamdu li/-/ahi rab-bil a/ameen.Ar rahma nir-raheem.Maliki yawmid deen

Iyyaka na buduwa

iyyaka nasta een. siratal mustaqeem.Sira(al azeena an amta alayhim.

Ghayril magh{1ubi _alayhim walap gal-Ieen. Ameen.

Praise is only for Allah, Lordof the Universe.The most kind, the most merciful.The master of the Day of Judgment.You alone we worship and to you alonewe pray for help.Show us the straight way,the way of those whom you have blessed.Who have not deserved your anger,Nor gone astray:

Reciting Fatihah is so important that Prophet Muhammad S.A.W.)said that no prayer was acceptable wi1thout the recitation ofFatihah.

a Ubadah bin Samit R.A. reported Allah s Messenger S.A.W.)as saying: There is no prayer acceptable without reciting SurahFatihah. Bukhari Muslim, Ahmad, Abu Oawud, Tirmizi, Nisai,Ibn Majah).

b) Abu Hurairah R.A.) reported thatthe Messengerof Allah S.A.W.)was saying that anyone who prayed any kind of prayer and did

31


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not nad in thatrUmmul Ouran nd in one version atihah.tul.Kitsb hirprayrrwillbo deficient, illbe deficienr, illbe deficient,and not complete. Bukhrri,MrrlimAhmad).

cl Abu Hurrirah (R.A.l reported Allah's Messenger S.AW.} asrrying: "[Io praysr wifl benefit a person ho did not read nftrt rurdr Fatihah." lhn Khuzaimah, bn Hibban. Ahmad).

In the ligrt of the above adiths e undentand hat surahFatihdr murt be rscited or read n every akat of any ype of prayer.

BECITATIOil FSURAH ATIHAH EHIITIDf{ IMAM.

$ome. gopl.o E.ysly confused hether hey should or shouldnot rsad surah Fatiharr hire praying n congiegrion. Bui ih;;;drould not b0 any confusion n'thii niatter-i ir,Jiorro",ing illi;vry clmdy.ansnrershe question.al Ubadah in $amit.(R.A.) aid:

1Alewere behind he Prophet(s.A.w.) n the Fair praver, nd he recited passage rom'theOuran, ut the recitation ecame ifficurt or'him.'Then he nhe finished c said, Do you recite behind our lmam?'wereplie.{,.'yE, tlgfengglof Attah S.A.W.)'. h'en he Messengerof Allah (S.A.W.) aid: Do not recite anything behind -h elmam) except Fatihah-tul-Kitabsurah raiitratrj because ewho does not include t in his recitation n prayer is prayerisnot valid. ' (AbuDawEd, irmizi) .

bl Abu Hurairah R.A.) eported hst he Mesenger f Allah(s.A.w.) aid: lf anyone bsewes rayer salatl n which edoesnot read ummul 0ur5n FatihahLits deiicient, t is deficient,i t is deficient , ndnot complete." t was aid o Abu Hurairahi'What should e do when we are behind n mam?,,He, AbuHurai rahl R.A.) epl ied , Read t ins i rence . . . . . . . "Musl im) .

AMEEIU:It is sunnah o *y Ameenwhen a person inishes-reci tat ion

of Surah atihah.f he s praying lone eshould ay Ameen" nsilence nd f hg s praying ith congregationehind n mam henhe should ay Ameen airly oudlywhen he lmam inishes ayingthe last verse f Surah Fatihah. hen saying meen he voice oTthe wtrole ongregationhould esound t he same imu.

There are many hadiths hich prove hat saying meen roudis Sunnah f he HolyProphet S.A.w.) nd t was heiegular ract iceof the companions. e will mention few of these adiths ere.a) Naeem l Mujammaraid: l prayed ehind bu Hurairahn.A.)

He recited ismilfdhir-ra[ma ir-raheem,hen he recited urahFatihahrand hen he reached alad alleen, he saidrAmeenaf ter t and he people ehind imsaid meen. . . , . . "dukhar i ) .

b) Abu HurairahR.A.) eportedhat he Messengerl Allah(s.A.w.) aid: when the lmam aysGhayri iMaghd0biarayhim

3 2

not read in that,Ummul (luranl.and in one version FatihahtulKitab his prayer will be deficient,will be deficient, will be deficient,and not complete. (Bukhari, Muslim Ahmad).

c) Abu Hurairah (R.A.) reported Allah s Messenger (S.A.W.) assaying: No prayer will benefit a who did not read inthat n l Fatihah. (Ibn Khuzaimah. Ibn Hibban. Ahmad).

In the Ii-.t of the above hadiths we understand that SurahFatihah must be recited or read in every rakat of any type of prayer.

RECITATION OF SURAH fATIHAH BEHIND AN IMAM.

Some people are very confused they should or shouldnot l Iad Surah Fatihah while praying in congregation. But thereshould not be any confusion in this matter as the following hadithv y clearty answers the Question.8) Ubadah bin (R.A.) said: We were behind the Prophet

(S.A.W.) in the Fajr prayer, and he recited a passage from theauran, but the recitation became difficult for him. Then whenhe finished he said, Do you recite behind your Imam? Wereplied, yes, Messenger of Allah (S.A.W.) . Then the Messengerof Allah (S.A.W.) said: Do not recite anything (behind theImam) except Fatihah-tulKitab (Surah Fatihah) because hewho does not include it in his recitation in prayer his prayeris not valid. (Abu Dawiid. Tirmizi).

b) Abu Hurairah (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of Allah(S.A.W.) said: If anyone observes prayer in which he doesnot read Ummul Quran (Fatihah), it is deficient, it is deficient,it is deficient, and not complete. It was said to Abu Hurairah: What should we do when we are behind an Imam? He, (AbuHurairah) (R.A.) replied, Read it in silence....... (Muslim).

AMEEN:It is sunnah to say Ameen when a person finishes_recitation

of Surah Fatihah. If he is praying alone he should say Ameen in

silence and if is praying with congregation behindan Imam thenhe should say Ameen fairly loudly when the Imam finishes sayingthe last verse of Surah Fatihah. When saying Ameen the voice ofthe whole congregation should resound at thesame timlt

There are many hadiths which prove that saying Ameen aloudis Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W.) and it was the regular practiceof the companions. We will mention a few of these hadiths here.a) Naeem al Mujammar said: I prayed behind Abu Hurairah (R.A.)

He recited Bismillah hir-rahma nir-raheem, then hE recited surahFatihah, and when he reached walap c a. .:lee-n, he said, Ameenafter it and the people behind him said Ameen...... (Bukhari).

b) Abu Hurairah (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of Allah(S.A.W.) said: When the Imam says Ghayril MaghQubi alayhim


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ilul AlAIubi rab-bil falaq.Min shar-rimd Khalag.Vrlamin shar-ri gh*iqin iia waqab.Wa min shar-rin naf-fdthdti fil 'uqad.Wa min shar-ri hxidin lia Hasao

"Say: seek efugen he Lordof the dawn,from he wil of all hat Hehas reated,and rom he evilof the darkness f nightwhen t falls,and from the wil of those charmers) ho blow nto knots.And rom he evilof the envier hen eenvies."

cl Surrh lar.

oA-{;tfY 3}orr+'d -rfu rd) d .4Lr\*\F d *t.' :?'?,'5i;\

'r)3

I , t : , , 2 e t ) ' - t t , t . t ( t , ( t . l r y r - : t ( r ' / t t ^or.;'uli2t.v4 uiy- Gr^llo --yt-=l Lvr"$V4

t qEJr;'93At(aAil A'uiuhi rab-bin n&.

Malikin n*. lld hin-n*.Min shar-ril waswd sil khan-n-a-Attaii Yuwaswisu x gudE rin+,fu-niA

iii'nati wan+t*.''Say: I seek e{ugen thegustainer f mankind.the Owner f Mankind, ord f Mankind.From he wil of the sneaking hisperer.Whowtrispenn the hearB f mankind.(Whether e be) romamong inns r mankind."

BUKU BOWITIG

Then he person raying hould aY Alldhu Akbar" raisingboth his hands o shoulder evelwith the palms acing utwardand ingers tretchingo eadobes. e should hen bend n ruku sothat his trunk (i.e. rom head o hif) is perpendicularo the restof the body. His hands hould est on his knees ith the finpnspnad apart, akingcare hat his arms do not touch his body. Thepsron slrould calmand composed n the ruku posture nd no thurry it Then he should ead:'tubhana ab-bi al azeem" t lmst$rse times.

o-p*---$li \A;g[fi*-j* I rr

34

Qui Au}ubi rab bil fs/aqMin shar rima KhaJaqWa mi n shar ri ghisiqin iia waqabWa mi n shar rin nat famati fi l uqadWa mi n shar ri hasidin /za Hasaa

HSay: I seek refuge in the Lord of the dawn,from the evil of all that He has treated,and from the evil of the darkness of night when it falls,and from the evil of those charmers who blow into knots.And from the evil of the envier when he envies.

c Surlh Nls.

Qui uzubi rab bin nasMalikifl nis i hin nasMi n shar ril w w sil khan nasAI/ari yuwaswisu fudu rin nasMinai jin nati wan nas

Say: I seek refuge in the sustainer of mankind.the Owner of Mankind, Lord of Mankind.From the evil of the sneaking whisperer.Who whispers in the hearts of mankind. Whether he be) from among jinns ormankind.

RUKU - BOWING

Then the person praying should say Allahu Akbar raisingboth his hands to shoulder level with the palms facing and fingers stretching to eartobes. He should then bend in ruku sothat his trunk i.e. from head to hips is perpendicular to the restof the body. His hands should rest on his knees with the fingersspread apart, taking care that his arms do not touch his body. Theperson should be calm and composed in the ruku posture and nothurry Then he should read : Subhana rab-bi yal azeem at leastthree times. .


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Thismeans:"Glory e o my Lordwho

s the ery rmtmt:'He an ead t (3,5,7, 9, 1l etc.) imes.There re sgme ther du'& whichGan e road with subfEnarab.bi al a3eem r mtead f subfrinaabbiyal ;rm. Twoof thsmarementionedelow:-

0therDu'is n Ruku:Aisha R.A.) reportod hat the melsengpr f Allah(S.AW-)

mmtly ead he ollonringu'i n his uku nd idah.

rtt i, "J?+ifrh\ l,f*n;r t; a vl41tl.L.lt,r

"Sublpflna Kalld humma rab-banE wabifuamdikaAlEh hum maghfirln." (0ukhari, Musliml.

Thismeans:"Glorybe o you, oh our Lord, nd allpraisebe o you. 0h Allah, orgivemei'

Ali (R.A.) reported hat the Messenger f Aflahused o readthe ollowing u'a n Ruku:

$Q,l i :-)j53;J, f.b?5 &;3s +a Ld"Nv,V h.,za-; *Lz;',#s e',gs 6F;=--e-fr.t r1,, *r ro

-,ziJLlir_;j hr ,xL o;,-ii{U, I

"AlEh humma laka Raka'tu,ffiika Ennntu,vnlaka alunru,trta rab-bT Rhahi'a sam'ee

wa mukh-kt E wa 'azme

wa'qafu

vn mista gal - tatbihe qada mav-ya lil-Ehi.rabSil Elameen '(Ahmad, Mtslim, Abu Dawfid etc.)

"0h my Lord, borwd o you and I believedn you and rubmitud t0 you. You are my Lord. My mr, my sight my brrin, mybones, my tendom and whatever r been carriedby my fnt b rub'mitted or the Lordof the worl&l'

Thereare otherdu'& which ProphetMuhammed S.AW.} nd inRukuand hey can be urnd in other Books f Hadith.

Perfection l Rukuand Saidah.Abi Mrud al Badri (R.A) rrported lrrt the Meseqrrr of Al*t

{S.AW.} aid:

35

This means: Glory be to my lord who is the very He tan read it (3, 5, 7, 9, 11 ett.) times.There are some other du ls which can be read with subbinarabbi yal or instead of rab-bi TWD of themare mentioned below:-

Other Du as in Ruku:Aisha (R.A.) reported that the messenger of Allah S.A.W.

mostly read the du a in his ruku and sajdah.

\/ ;

.

Subl)ana Kalla humma rab-bana wabi(1amdikaAllAh hum maghfirlee. fBukhari, Muslim);

This means: Glory be to you, oh our lord, and aU praisebe to you. 0 h Allah, forgive me:

Ali (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of Allah used to readthe fonowing Du a in Rttku:

llah humma laka Raka tuwabika amantu, ,walaka aslamtu, rab-bT khashi a sam ee wa mukh-khee wa azmee

wa

masta qa l

la t .bihee qada may-va lil-Iahi.rab-bil alameen.(Ahmad, Muslim, bu Dawiid etc.)

Ohl my Lord, I bowed to you and I believed in you and I sub-mitted to you. You are my lord. My ear, my sight, my brain, mybones, my ten dons and whatever has been carried by my feet is sub-mitted for the lord of the worlds:

There are other du as which Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) d inRuku and they can be found in other Books of Hadith.

Perfection of Ruku and Saidah.Abi Masud a Badri (R.A.) reported thlt the Messenger of Allah

S.A.W. said:

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"Allah does not conslder he prayer of a man who does otstraighten is back when bowing or Ruku and performing aidahj'( lbnKhuzaimah,bn Hibban, abrani ) .

Abi 0atEdah R.A.l reported hat the Messenger f Allah(S.AW.) aid:'The n0rst hief s onewhosteals n hisprayer.,'

Then he companions sked, H0w can someone tear rom hisprayer?"Prophet S.A.W.) ansnered."He does ncomplete isRuxu nd sajdah ithperfect ion."l

he said,"He does not make his back srraight n Ruku and Sajdah., '

(Ahmad, abrani ,bn Khuzaimah,akim) .These adiths rove hat Ruku and saidah houldbe done

cafmfy, lowly and perfect ly, therwrse alat f the penon willbedeficient.

OAUWI,IAHSTAilOI t{GFTER UKU}After the perfect Ruku the person raying hould aise his

head rom Ruku aying:-

6;FdiJ"ol,'*'-

"Samihlleh u liman amidai ,"verily.Allah istens 0 onewho praises im."and raise ishan&

up to the level of his shoulders i th palms acing utwards ndf ngen stretched o the earlobes nd hen he shouldower his handsto his sides. n the standing osition e should e erect o that hejointsof his bodygo hack n place. hi le n thisposit ion e shouldrecite one 0r all of the following u'is N many imes as he ikes.

*some peopte et veryhis handswhilegoing nrolif t ing ishead rom huku.

annoyed hen hey see omeone aisingRuku and again aising ishands hil i

There re,however, uthentic adiths hichprove hat rrophetMuhammad s-A.w.) used 0 raise is hands i the beginning fprayer, efore nd after Rukuand when tanding p foithe ihirdrakat.^Fuglv lngfq Book of Hadith ike Bukhari, iluslim,MuattilmamMalik,Abu_Dawr.rd,irmizi,Nisai , bn Majah,bn Khuzaimah,Hakim,Ahmad, Shafaee, abrani, aitraql tc. etr. mentions hesehadiths. early our hundred ompanionslso arrate his practiceof Prophet uhammad s.A.w.}.s0, here s not he sl ightesi oubtthat the raising f hands s sunnat nd a person ho fractises hi ssunnat etsa greater eward han he person ho does ot practiseit. However, ven hough he action s mentionedn the hadiths,al l the ulamas gree hat he prayer f a penonwho does ot raise

3 6

r COnt nuedon page 37 )

Allah does not consIder the prayer of a man who does notstraighten his back when bowing for Ruku and performing Sajdah:(Ibn Khuzaimah, Ibn Hibban, Tabrani).

Abi Gatadah (R.A.) reported that the Messenger of Allah(S.A.WJ said:

The WOBt thief is one who steals in his prayer.

Then the companions asked, How can someone steal from hisprayer?Prophet (S.A.W.) ansmred, He does nOlcomplete his RUKU and Sajdah with perfection. Or

he said, He does not make his balk straight in Ruku and Sajdah.

(Ahmad, Tabrani, Ibn Khuzaimah, Hakim).These hadiths prove that RlJku and Sa;dah should be done

calmly, slowty and perfer.tly, otherwIse sa/at of the person will bedeficient.

QAWMAH ST NDING AFTER RUKUAfter the perfect Ruku the person praying should raise his

head from Ruku saying:-

Sami allAh hu liman Verily Allah listens toone who praises him. and * raise hands

up to the level of his shauldeB with palms facing outwards andfingeB stretched to the earlobes and then he should lower his handsto his sides. In the standing position he should be erect so that thejoints of his body go hack in place. While in this position he shouldrecite one or all of the following du as as many times as he likes.

*Some people get very annoyed when they see someone raisinghis hands while going into Ruku and again raising his hands whilelifting his head from kuku.

There are, however, authentic hadiths which prove that ?rophetMuhammad (S.A.W.) used to raise his hands at the beginning ofprayer, before and after Ruku and when standing up for the thirdrakat. Every single Book of H adith like Bukhari, Muslim, Imam Malik, Abu Dawud, Tirmizi, Nisai, Ibn Majah, Ibn Khuzaimah,Hakim, Ahmad, Shafaee, Tabrani, Baihaqi etc. etc. mentions thesehadiths. Nearly four hundred comDanions also narrate this practiceof Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). So, there ;s not the slightest doubtthat the raising of hands sunnat and a person who practises thissunnat gets a greater reward than the person who does not practiseit. However, even though the action mentioned in the hadiths,all the ulamas agree that the prayer of a person who does not raise

continuedon page 37


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ou'As ltloAwtttAH

a) "Rab'bahaakal amdl ' 6'i;;+,'tsu*.5"0h, 0ur Lord, l l he praises e o youl '

b) "Rab'bani akal lamd,l;ramdanKatheeranayyibanmubarakaneei'

o 9Q:1ts&^Wfi#r'-t^3 ii.;Jltt 6"0h our Lord, l lPraises e o You,Verymany, ure nd blesed raises e o y9u.''

cl Ali'S.'r*o'if (rtuuitt in.n.t says hat when he mesenger f

Allah S.A.W.) ed to say:-"Sami all5hhu iman amida" e would ollow t with:-

* S;*,"i+i =.5U-;.r 1Y^,i;.3q ui: #tiJ6\rg ( ;.ZV i|*t Jii-i-ii hiJ;aJ-n4u

| ; ii,L-{tW ;9 }^i -'"rJiU urt ',.glj rt - t ) , . i , 2 - I a , r , 4 g l r t t t -- .^--.J'& #\ \ Li; fi JiJ W'J,a)1ird1,.drrr)

"Alldh humma rab-bani lakal llamdu mil assmEwEti wa mil al arQi wa mil amashi'ta min shayin ba'du: ah laththan1e wal maidiahag-gu mE qdlal'abdu Wa Kullu-na aka'abd, AlEh hummalE m1ni'a limi a'tpyta wal6 mu'Sya limamana'ta wala yanfa'u Zal iad-di minkal iad '(Muslim, Ahmad, Abu Daw0d)

"0h Allah,our Lord, all praises e to you, as much as hey anfill the heavens nd the earth and everything hich you want o befilled after hat. You deserve o be praised ndglorified. ou deservemore han what your servant as said and all of us are your slavc.Nobody an prwent whatever ou want o giveand nobody angivewhatever ou umnt 0 prevent nd a penon with high rank cannotbenefit himself or another rom his high rank aginst your will."

his hands s acceptable. herefore, uslims hould not fight overthis issue. f someone oes not wish to raise is hands e should

(continuati_o4.ot discourage thers rom doingso because t is not a major on-from 4e 36)$sysrtial point.

3 7

DU S QAWMAH

a) Rab-bana lakal

Gh, our Lord, all the praises be to you;b) Rab-bana lakal hamd,hamdan

Katheeran niubaraka.n fee:,If .I

., ,

Gh OlJ Lord, all praises be to you,Very many, pureand blessed praises be to you.

t) Abi Sa eed al Khudree (R.A.) says that when the messenger ofAllah (S.A.W.) used to say:- Sami allah hu liman hamida he would follow it with:-

Allah humma rab-bana lakal l;1amdu mil assamawati wa mil a l a rdi wa mil amashi ta mi n shayin ba du:ah laththanaee wal majdi ahaq-quma qalal abdu Wa Kullu-na Laka abd Allah humma16 mani a lima a tayta wala mu tya l imamana ta wala yanfa u ta l jad-di minkal jad:Muslim, Ahmad, Abu Dawud)

Gh Allah, our Lord, all praises be to you, as much as they tanfill the heavens and the earth and everything which you want to befilled after that. You deserve to be praised and glorified. You deservemore than what your servant has said and all of us are your slaves.Nobody can prevent whatever you want to give and nobody can Rivewhatever you want to prevent and a person with high rank cannotbenefit himself or another from his high rank against your will.

his hands is acceptable. Therefore)Muslims should not fight overthis issue. If someone does not wish to raise his hands he should

continuation not discourage others from doing so because it is not a major con-from page 36 trovertia point.

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*:liiry'vlr?.lrr-r\'; tt3e,rP;N6'c>J;:ti'ciiLtj

"AlEhhummaghfirleevarfrmnee ahdineem 'f,fineewarzuqnes ajburnee ar a'nos"(Abu

Dawild)."0h Allah,orgiveme, ndhavemercy n m0,and eepmeon he ight path,and eepmehealthy,andprovide ewithhalalourcc f ivingand omplete yshortcoming,andmakemy ank idr."The wonhipper an say his du'i' onco r G many imr c he

likes.

SECOTIOAJDAH

Then he person hould erformhe second ajdah aying,.Allahu

Akbar" ndnpeat wtrat edid n the int sqideh.JAI$AH E- ISTAFAHATSITTIITGONRESTI.

Thenhe should aise is head p sayingAllEhuAkbar"rnd si tfor a short while he did n alsah. edooErh befon standing pfor hesecond akat.

SECOTD AKAT

Afterstanding p or he second akat eshould oldhishandsorcr his chect s he did in the irst rakat ndstart hb recitation vreading Bismill6h..........andurah atihah ollorrmdy any pffigeor a chapter f he Holy0uran." hen eshould omplete is scondrakat n the manner f the int one.

While homing passage

a guide to prayer in islam.pdf

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