a glance - central lyon 1 master copy.pdf · 2009-04-22 · there are some ponies for sale. there...
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GlancE at a Freedom
Class of 2013
Pages: Articles: People:
3, 4 Election 1824 Allyson A.
Mexican Cession
Susan B. Anthony
5, 6 Democrats Dillon B.
Working in a Factory
William Wells Brown
7, 8 Whigs Heather B.
Santé Fe Trail
Elizabeth Cody Stanton
9,10 Election of, 1828 Austin C.
Underground Railroad
Washington Irving
11,12 Election of 1832 Chris C.
New Immigrants 1840-50
Nathaniel Hawthorn
13,14 Spoils System Luke D.J.
Dividing Oregon
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
15,16 Election of 1836 Kyle G.
Clipper Ships
Walt Whitman
17,18 Election of 1840 Cameron H.
Steam Power
Ralph Waldo Emerson
19,20 Bank of The U.S. Jocelyn H.
Election of 1848
Elizabeth Blackwell
Pages: Articles: People:
21,22 Tariff of Abominations Josh H.
Second Great Awakening
George Catlin
23,24 Indian Removal Bret J.
First Railroads
James Marshall
25,26 Panic of 1837 Brittanae J.
Bear Flag Republican
Sarah Grimke
27.28 Death of Harrison Mikayla M.
Mexican War
Emily Dickinson
29,30 Oregon Trial Davi R.
Farming Inventions of 1800‟s
Lucretia Mott
31,32 New Country of- Jessica R.
Texas Rebellion
Mormons Move
Harriet Tubman
33,34 Election of 1844 Logan R.
Discovery of Gold in the West
Gilbert Stewart
35,36 The Alamo Coryn V.B.
U.S. Annexing Texas
Sojourner Truth
37,38 Manifest Destiny Mariah W.
Trade Unions
Angelina Grimke
There are some ponies for
sale. There are 2 boy po-
nies and 3 girl ponies.
One of the girl ponies is
going to have a baby so it
will cost more. They range
in price from $100 to
$200 dollars. The mother
pony will cost up to $200.
One of the ponies has a
broken leg.
Sales stable is open
from 11 am till 4
pm. We are open
Monday, Wednes-
day, Friday. We
sometime aren't
open all the time
from 11 to 4. Some-
times we close early.
Time to come in
Ponies
Page 3 Allyson A. 8-1
John Quincy Adams was
most popular in New England.
Henry Clay and Andrew Jackson
supported the West. Henry Clay
was a Kentuckian. Andrew Jack-
son was known as General Jack-
son, the hero of New Orleans
during the war of 1812. Farmers
and workers admired Jackson as
a self-made man. On Election
Day, Jackson won majority of the
popular votes. Henry Clay fin-
ished fourth and couldn‟t be
elected. With Clay‟s help John
Quincy Adams was made Presi-
dent by the House.
to boarding school. She
ended up being fined $100.
This is a fine she never
paid. She wanted to make
alcohol limited or stopped
completely. She passed
away on March 13, 1906.
Susan B. Anthony was a so-
cial reformer, editor, and
writer. She was born on Feb-
ruary 15, 1820. Her parents
were Daniel and Lucy An-
thony. Born second out of
eight children, She was sent
Election of 1824
Susan B. Anthony
The Mexican government didn‟t have a
choice but to make peace. In 1848, Mex-
ico signed the treaty of Guadalupe Hi-
dalgo. Mexico ended or gave all of Cali-
fornia and New Mexico to the United
States. The United States paid Mexico
$15 Million.
Mexican Cession
Adams and Clay had made a “Corrupt
Bargain,” to steal the election. They
couldn‟t deny that the election had
been decided as the Constitution said,
“The President‟s Lady.”
Allyson A. 8-1 Page 4
rats were the dominant political
parties. The Democrats split dur-
ing the Civil War (1861-65), with
the support mainly from the
In the early 1800s, Andrew Jack-
son formed a new political party.
They were known as the Democ-
rats. Today, the Democratic
Party can trace its roots back to
President Andrew Jackson. Most
supporters of Jackson were farm-
ers in the West, and factory
workers and craft workers in the
East. From the election of Tho-
mas Jefferson in 1801, to the
election of James Buchanan in
1857, the Federalists and Democ-
South and West. Today, the De-
mocratic Party is one of the U.S.
Republicans being the other.
William Wells
Brown died on
November 6,
1884. He
showed that if
you work hard
with lots of
stick-to-it-
refutation of the doctrine of
the inferiority of the Ne-
gro.”
tiveness,
you can
succeed in
almost
anything.
P a g e 5
Democrats
1834, he escaped. After his escape, he
changed his name to Quaker. One of his
friends helped him by giving him food,
clothes, and money. After he gained his
freedom, he met and married a girl
named Elizabeth Schooner. She was a
free African-American. Together, they
had three children. From 1836 to 1835,
he lived in Buffalo, New York. He
worked as a conductor for the Under-
ground Railroad and as a steam-boatman
on Lake Erie. Later, he became active in
the Abolitionist Movement by joining
severy anti-slavery societies, and the Ne-
gro Convention Movement. An article in
the Scotch Independent newspaper
wrote the following about him:
“By dint of resolution, self-
character, and force of
character, he has rendered
himself as a popular lec-
turer to British audience,
and vigorous expositor of
the evils and atrocities of
William Wells Brown was born on
Mach 12, 1814, in Lexington, Kentucky.
He was born into slavery on a plantation.
His mother was a black slave named
Elizabeth. His father was a white man
named George Higgins. Even though he
was promised never to be sold, he was
sold many times before the age of twenty.
He spent most of his childhood as a
slave in St. Louis. During that time, he
attempted several escapes, but didn‟t
succeed. Finally, on New Year‟s Day,
D i l l o n B . 8 - 1
William Wells Brown
In the 1840s and 1950s,
factories were very different than
the earlier mills. For example,
they used steam powered ma-
chines instead of water-powered
ones. As more and more facto-
ries were built in the Industrial
North, the demand of factory
workers went up as well. Owners
started hiring entire families, even
mothers and children. Few facto-
ries had heating/cooling systems
or windows. A factory‟s whirling,
pounding machine had no safety
devices. Courts did not fine fac-
tory owners for injuries or unsafe
conditions. If a
worker was in-
jured, he just sim-
ply lost his job and
was replaced. He
received no money
to make up for his
lost wages. By the
1830s, the work-life
of many craft work-
ers was changing.
Shop owners and others saw that
Johnny can be yours for only a
small wager of $25.69! Plus, if
you buy within this week, I‟ll
throw in another slave for half
price! That‟s right half price! If
you would like to buy this price-
less slave, you can find me at my
river home. To the right is a
picture.
Fellow southerners, if you
would like to buy a young, hard-
working slave, this is just the slave
you want! His name Johnny
McFerrald. He is very reliable and
has a knack for picking cotton. He
doesn't need much food and will
work for at least 12 hours a day.
Slave For Sale!
Working in a Factory
Dillon B. 8-1 Page 6
The Whigs were formerly called
the National Republicans. Busi-
ness people from the East and
large planters from the South of-
ten became Whigs. They sup-
ported John Quincy Adams and
his programs for national growth.
They also wanted the federal gov-
ernment to spur the economy.
The Election of 1840
really brought them to light. Wil-
liam Henry Harrison, a frontiers-
man from Ohio, was chosen to
represent them. After an ugly
John Tyler took his place and
disappointed them greatly.
campaign process, Harrison won.
He died less than a month after
tak-
ing
of-
fice.
The Whigs
Buy Brand New Horseshoes For Only 5¢!
Heather B. 8-1 Page 7
known as the Sante Fe Trail. The Sante Fe Trail was a very
popular route of travel during the
expansion period. William Beck,
a merchant and adventurer, was
the first to head for Sante Fe
from St. Louis in 1821. Carrying
tools and rolls of cloth, he led a
group of traders on the long trip
across the plains. When they
reached Mexico, they found
Mexicans eager to buy goods.
Other Americans soon followed
Becknell‟s route. It became
Sante Fe Trail
and Robert. After this, she met
Susan B. Anthony, who became
her first friend and crusader for
the next fifty years.
In 1848 Stanton
and other abolitionists held
the first women‟s rights
convention. In 1869 she
formed the more liberal Nation- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
was born on November 12, 1815,
in the town of Johnstown, New
York, to her loving parents
Daniel and
Mary. She was
the seventh of
eleven chil-
dren. Her fa-
ther was a well
known New York Judge. Clerks
in her father‟s law read her laws
that denied basic rights to
women. This drove her to do
many great things.
Elizabeth married Henry
Brewster Stanton and had seven
children: Daniel, Henry, Garrit,
Theodore, Margaret, Harriot,
“Oh my daughter! How I
wish you were a boy!” -
Daniel Stanton
Obituary
Page 8 Heather B. 8-1
later known as the Whigs. His run-
ning mate was Richard Rush.
Jackson was born on March
15, 1767, in Carolina. He was the
only opponent to Adams. He was
famous for winning the Battle of
New Orleans and was known as a
hero. His party was the Democrats
and his running mate was John C.
Calhoun.
The Election of 1828 was
one of the dirtiest campaigns ever.
Adams told everyone about Jackson
marrying his wife before she was
In 1828 the only candidates for
President were John Quincy Adams
and Andrew Jackson. Adams wasn‟t
very popular, but he ran for re-
election anyways.
Adams was born on July 11,
1767, in Braintree, Massachusetts,
which is now Quincy Massachusetts.
He won his last election with the
help of another candidate, Henry
Clay. They made it so that Adams
won because Clay used his seat in
the House of Representatives to
make him win. His political party
was the National Republic and then
fully divorced to her first husband.
In this election, three times more
people voted than in the 1824 elec-
tion. That showed how the country
was growing and how they were let-
ting more people vote.
Jackson ended up winning
with 54% of the popular vote and
178 of 261 electoral votes.
Election of 1828
tors of the escapes were very brave and
smart. One conductor was Harriet Tub-
man. She herself was a runaway slave.
She conducted more than three hun-
dred slaves to freedom. On one rescue,
she saved her brothers, and another she
saved her aged parents. Slave owners
offered $40,000 for her capture.
Another conductor was
John Fairfield. He was the son of a
slaveholding family and made many dar-
ing and brave rescues. A conductor that
led an amazing amount of slaves to free-
dom was Levi Coffin. He was a Quaker
that helped more than
3,000
slaves
to
safety!
From 1810 to 1859 a network
of abolitionists secretly helped run-
away slaves reach freedom in the
North and Canada.
Whites and free
blacks served as “conductors”, guiding
slaves to “stations” where they could
eat and rest. The stations would be
housed of abolitionists, churches, and
sometimes even caves. The conduc-
Underground Railroad
Cotton Mill Worker
You will be paid 20¢ per hour
Your work hours will be from 6 A.M. to 8 P.M. from Monday through Saturday
If you want the job come to 169 Cotton Road in Houston, Texas
Help Wanted!
Page 9 Austin C. 8-1
he worked for the U.S. Embassy
in Madrid, Spain, from 1826 to
1829. He was the president of the
Astor Library in New York from
1848 to 1859. Washington wrote
many books, including The Leg-
end of Sleepy Hollow and Rip
Van Win-
kle. He
wrote The
Legend of
Sleepy Hol-
low in 1809
after the
story by
On April 3, 1783, Wash-
ington Irving was born. He was
the youngest of eleven kids. His
parents were Scottish-English im-
migrants named Sarah Sanders
and William Irving. He was
named after George Washington
because his parents idolized him.
Irving traveled all
over Europe throughout his life.
He was engaged to Matilda Hoff-
man, but she died at the age of
seventeen in 1809. He lived in
Europe from 1815 to 1832 where
Karl Masaus.
Washington
Irving died in
Tarrytown, New
York, on Novem-
ber 28, 1858.
Washington Irving Obituary
We have 10 cows here on my farm
They cost $20 for each or $30 for 2
If you want a couple of cows
Come down to 169 Cotton Road in Houston, Texas
Cows For Sale!
Austin C. 8-1 Page 10
The election of 1832 was
between Andrew Jackson and
Henry Clay. Andrew Jackson was
for the Democrats and Henry
clay for the National Republican.
Andrew Jackson was from Ten-
nessee and his running mate was
martin van Buren. They got
701,000 of the popular votes and
219 of the Electoral college votes.
Henry Clay is from Ken-
tucky. His running mate was John
Sergeant. And they received
484,000 of the popular vote and
49 of the electoral votes. The
other two candidates were James
Floyd from Virginia., whose run-
ning mate was Henry Lee. He
was a Nullifier. He received
eleven electoral votes. William
I sold my slaves so now I need
new ones: I need a hard worker
that doesn't expect any money in
return
PO: 14 years
young and
will work hard
if you make
him. His wage
here is noth-
ing.
Help Wanted
Slave Auction
Election of 1832
Henry Clay
SLAVE Slave name: PO
5$
Expiration Date: 00/00/00
Horseshoe Drive, Texas
Andrew Jackson
Page 11 Chris C. 8-1
craftsman. He died on May 19,
1864. Nathaniel Hawthorn was born
on July fourth in Salem, Massa-
chusetts. He was an American
novelist and short story writer.
He published his first book in
1828 titled “Fanshawe”. He usu-
ally wrote romantic books. He
also was a descendant of puri-
tans. His great-great-grandfather
took part in the Salem witch tri-
als. He was a skilled literacy
Bill and George
Bill: is 34 and a hard
worker
George: is 15 and has a
Nathaniel Hawthorn
MY Favorite slaves for sale
Another group was the
Germans. The main reason
that almost one million Ger-
mans came to America is that
in Germany a revolution broke
out, where the rebels fought for
democratic government. When Immigrants on a boat
Some of the Immigrants that came
to America in the 1840‟s and 50‟s
were the Irish and Germans.
The Irish came here be-
cause of a potato famine in Ire-
land, diseased their potato plants,
so they came to America for new
jobs and new opportunities, over
1.5 million Irish came to America.
Page 12 Chris C. 8-1
Obituary
Spoils System When Andrew Jackson was elected the 7th
President of the U.S.A. in 1828, his supporters wanted
a change, and boy did they get it. Andrew Jackson set
up the Spoils System. The Spoils System fired most of
the federal employees, and he replaced them with his
friends and loyal supporters. All but one of his cabinet
members were unqualified. The only person qualified
was Martin Van Buren.
He put his friends and supporters I his cabinet
because he thought that ordinary people should serve
and have as much say in the country as educated politi-
cians. The U.S.A. was astonished and happy about
President Jackson‟s bold move. They loved the idea of
common people getting to serve their country as high-
ranking officials.
The Spoils system is
a great idea and is a great
idea and is still used today,
but there was one major
flaw in President Jackson‟s
approach: his cabinet was
uneducated and unquali-
fied, with the exception of
Martin Van Buren. The
Spoils System didn‟t work for Andrew Jackson. So,
every day during breakfast, he had the Democratic
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow died on March 24,
1882. His life was claimed by peritonitis, or inflamma-
tion of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.
He died within five days of the diagnosis.
Henry was born on February 27, 1807, In Port-
land Maine‟ at the time it was a district of Massachu-
setts. He was named after his uncle who died in the
Navy. He was the second son born. He had three
brothers and four sisters.
He was an incredibly smart child. At age four-
teen he attended Bowdoin College. After college, he
taught at Harvard University for eighteen years. He re-
signed because it interfered too
much with is writing.
In 1831, Henry married
Mary Poter. They spent four won-
derful years together. In 1835,
marry died in Rotterdam, Nether-
lands.
In Henry Wadsworth
Longfellow‟s career, he wrote over
twenty books and numerous poems. Cards and flowers
Answer Will Be In
Next Week‟s Issue Word Search
Page 13 Luke D. 8-1
Ask Edith Dear Edith,
I have been married to
“Joseph” for 18 wonder-
ful years. But I have re-
cently noticed that some-
one is coming between
us. He isn‟t home as
much as he used to be and when I ask him about it he says
he‟s working overtime. So I walked to his boss‟s house to
ask him and he said that he hasn‟t been working overtime,
and sometimes leaves early. So then I questioned him fur-
ther and then he said that he was working a second job. So
I believed him until I saw him holding hands with another
woman that is much younger than him. I saw them at the
market and became angered, and I got out of there as fast
as I could. Should I ask him about it or leave him? What
do I do? Angered in Virginia.
Dear Virginia,
I am deeply sorry to hear about your husband. You should
ask him about this woman and see what he has to say. If he
denies it who knows how long this has been going. If you
still love him, ask him to go to couples therapy with you.
Dear Edith,
Ever since going into a new, higher level school house,
my “friends” have always been mean to me. In the one
room country school house they were nice to me but
now they are mean. They are constantly making fun of
me and call me names. Yesterday they made fun of me
because my lunch pail is starting to rust, and my clothes
have a couple rips. They laugh at me because I have
enough money to buy better stuff, but I don‟t because I
don‟t feel the need. Sometimes they even make fun of
me for being polite to people. I can‟t stand this much
longer. I can‟t fight back because it‟s just not my nature.
Some days they‟ll be nice to me but usually it‟s only to
go to my house or play with my toys and pony. My fam-
ily is very wealthy, but I never told anyone. My
“friends” just think I have a larger than average sum of
money. All they do is use me and make fun of me.
What should I do? Depressed and Wealthy in rural
Massachusetts.
Dear Depressed,
It saddens my heart to hear about your troubles. I sug-
gest that you don‟t talk to them anymore or hang out
with them. If you tell them that their being mean they‟ll
just make fun of you. Just hang out with them less and
less and find some other friends to hang out with. If
there aren‟t, try finding some friends of the other gen-
der. If none of this works, talk to your minister.
James K. Polk was elected the 11th President of
the United States in 1845. He served for four years
(1845-1849). He won with his great campaign. In his
campaign he promised to gain control of the Oregon
Territory. There was one big problem: Britain also
wanted the Oregon Territory.
President Polk didn‟t want to go to war over this
dispute, so he proposed a compromise. In 1846 Britain
agreed to get the land
north of 49°N, and U.S.
would get all the land
south of 49°N.
Britain‟s present
day portion is part of
Canada. U.S.‟s present
day portion is three states:
Oregon, which became
Dividing Oregon
The famous anonymous column writer Edith
Luke D. 8-1 Page 14
The Election of 1836 was a good
one. The first candidate was Mar-
tin Van Buren, he was from New
York. He was in the Democratic
Party. He had 170 electoral votes
and 764,176 popular votes. His
running mate was Richard John-
son. The second candidate was
William Henry Harrison. He was
from Virginia. He was in the
Whigs party. He had seventy
electoral votes and 550,816
popular votes. His running mate
was Francis Ganger. Third was
Hugh L. White. He was from
North Carolina. He was in the
Whigs party. He had twenty-six
electoral votes and 146,107
popular votes. His running mate
president from 1837-1841. He
was born on Dec. 5 1782 and
died on June 24 1862. He was
seventy nine when he died.
was John Tyler. Next, was
Daniel Webster. He was
from New Hampshire. He
was in the Whigs party he
had 41,201 popular votes
and fourteen electoral votes.
His running mate was Fran-
cis Ganger. Next, was W. P.
Magnum he was from the
“Anti Jackson,” party he had
eleven Electoral votes. It is
unknown how many popular
votes he had. His running
mate was John Tyler. Martin
Van Buren won the election
of 1836. The first lady was
Hannah Hoes Van Buren.
Martin‟s nickname was
“Little Magein.” Martin was
Clipper ships are boats that haul cotton,
fur, wheat, lumber, and tobacco. In 1845
an American named John Griffiths
launched the Rainbow. It was the first clip-
per ship. These boats have narrow hulls
that clip easily through the water. In the
1840‟s, an American ship broke every
speed record in the ship records. One
ship speed from New York to Hong Kong
in eighty-one days. This would have taken
older ships five months to do. These ships
passed older boats. This trade brought
wealth to port cities.
Introduction of the Clipper Ships
Election of 1836
Page 15 Kyle G. 8-1
Walt‟s family lived in North America in the
first half of the seventeenth century. Walt‟s
mother was Louis Van Vealson, and she was
Dutch. Walt‟s father was Walter Whitman,
and he was English. His family owned a
large track of land, but almost all of it was
sold when Walt was born. Walt‟s father was
a carpenter. Walt had eight brothers and
sisters. Walt was born in 1819, and Walt
died in 1892. Walt learned the printing
trade at age twelve. When Walt was twenty-
three, he became the editor of the Brooklyn
Daily Eagle.
Walt Whitman
Help Wanted A 160 acre farm with 80 acres of pasture for
about 40 cows and 80 acres for crop this will
be a full time job working with horses doing
field work and helping calve the 40 cows
and feeding them every day. This will
include a small house and food. Come
over for more information 1 mile west of
Pasture for rent I have 120 acres of pasture for rent. There is a
creek running through for water and a fence of
barb wire all the way around. It will hold about
55 cow calf pairs. For more information meet
me at the saloon on the 1st of April at 6:00 p.m.
Page 16 Kyle G. 8-1
The election of 1840 was
between William Henry Harri-
son and Martin Van Buren. Mar-
tin Van Buren. Van Buren was
from New York. Martin Van Bu-
ren was running for the Democ-
rat‟s. They called Martin Van Bu-
ren” Slippery Elm” Van Buren.
Van Buren is a very wealthy man,
and he is a well educated man.
He is running for the election by
himself.
William Henry Harrison
was a Whig candidate. They
Harrison made his own campaign
speech. He traveled all across the
nation for voters to vote for him.
training. He went to the
school of Cambridge:
Harvard Divinity School
from, 1825-1829. Many
Americans in the mid
1800‟s shared Emer-
son‟s feelings. They
were proud of what the
On May 25, 1803, Ralph
Waldo Emerson was born. Ralph
died on April 27, 1882. He died in
Boston, Massachusetts, and here he
lived his whole life. He was born in
Boston, Massachusetts. He was a
very well-educated man. He went to
college in 1821 for theological
United States had accomplished. The years
between 1820 and 1860 were a period of
great idealism in the United States. Countless
reform movements sprang up to cure the
nation‟s ills. Reformers worked to end slav-
ery, to gain equal rights for the
women, to and ensure kind treat-
ments of prisoners and the men-
tally ill.
called him the “common man”.
He was an Ohio farmer who
lived in a log house. His vice-
president was John Tyler. Wil-
liam Henry Harri-
son and John Ty-
ler‟s slogan was
“Tippecanoe and
Tyler, too”. Whigs
built log Cabins as
head quarters. Van
Buren was losing
support, and the
Whigs easily won.
William Henry
methods, inventions, and develop-
ments. By the 1830‟s factories be-
gan to use steam driven machines.
They were powerful and cheap to
run. Also, steam allowed factory
owners to build factories almost
anywhere, not just alongside swift
flowing rivers. At the same, time
new machines cut the costs of
manufacturing goods. The lower
priced goods attracted eager buy-
ers. Families no longer made
In 1834 a young French engi-
neer, Micheal Chevalier, toured the
North. He was really impressed by
the burst of industry there- the tex-
tiles factories, shipyards, and iron
mill. The northern industry did in
fact, grow steadily in the mid-1800‟s.
The population grew large due to
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Invention of Steam Power
Election of 1840
Cameron H. 8-1 Page 17
people to custom feed pigs for us. We sell all sizes of feeder pigs. We will sell
feeder pigs and Isoweens. We have Chester
white pigs and Duroc pigs we also have
Hamp. They have really good blood lines.
We will be selling from 20 pigs to 50 feeder
pigs. We have a great team of helper and we
would love to sell you all sizes of feeder pigs.
If you don't like what the pigs look like and
they get sick in the first week we will take the
sick pigs and trade you for the pigs that
aren't sick. We also have vaccines and feed
that we can grind and bring to your place
and fill the feeders. We also are looking for
We sell from 10 to 20 Ewes and lambs at a time. We
will sell the lambs off the Ewes if that‟s what you want.
We have speckles, hamp, and suffix sheep. For more
information please come to my farm four miles west of
Rock Rapids, IA.
Thanks for your service, CAM
Sale for feeder pigs at Hasche Farms
Sheep for sale
to start breeding
sows and farrowing
pigs. We will breed
them for
the first
time until
you get a
BOAR
Come to our office and we can
make a deal with you and get a
arrangement to get you pigs and
get as many
pigs as you
would like. We
will sell sows if
you would like
Feeder pig sale in Rock Rapids Iowa
Page 18 Cameron H. 8-1
The Bank of the United
States has been causing quite a bit
of trouble for our government
lately. It is directed by private
bankers and controls the loans
made by state banks. Nicholas
Biddle, President of the bank
since 1823, is very well educated,
rich, and from a prominent fam-
ily. You would think he would be
perfect to run the bank, but think
again. He also uses his power to
influence the members of Con-
gress. I don‟t think that‟s a very
good way to handle our money,
do you?
President Andrew Jackson, along
with many people from the West,
disliked the bank. He and the
other Democrats objected the
way the bank was run.
the bank was unconstitutional.
Even though Congress had ruled
it constitutional, and the bank
gave advantages to the rich and
powerful; he thought it was wrong
of the government to allow that.
Meanwhile, the Whigs
were sure Jackson‟s veto was a
mistake, so they chose Henry
Clay to run against him in the
election of 1832. The Whigs
were stunned when Jackson won
the election by far. With the
bank‟s vetoed charter, it was due
to close its doors in 1836. That
wasn‟t early enough for President
Jackson. He ordered his Secre-
tary of State, Roger Taney, to
stop putting government money
into the bank, and to put it into
state banks instead. The bank
failed and closed without the help
of the government money.
Henry Clay and Daniel
Webster, two Whig senators,
supported the bank. Since Presi-
dent Jackson was trying to get rid
of the bank, the two stepped in
and devised a plan to save the
bank and weaken President Jack-
son at the same time.
The Bank‟s charter was
not due for renewal by Congress
until 1836. Clay and Webster
wanted to make the Bank of the
United States an issue in the elec-
tion of 1832. They convinced
Nicholas Biddle to apply for a
renewal of the charter early. Con-
gress then decided to renew the
Bank‟s charter. Jackson was very
angry; he said, “The bank is try-
ing to kill me, but I will kill it!”
He vetoed the bank bill as soon
as he got it. He gave two reasons
for his veto: his opinion was that
Lewis Cass is from Michi-
gan and his running mate was
William Orlando. He also won
fifteen states with 127 electoral
votes and 1,223,460 popular
votes.
Both the candidates knew
it was just them. President James
Polk wasn‟t very healthy and
promised not to run for a second
term.
From 1846-1847, the
Whigs focused all their energy on
trying to get rid of Polk‟s war
policies. They had to change
course because Polk made the
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo,
which ended the war and gave the
United States some new territory.
In the end, though, Tay-
lor came out over Cass 47.3% to
42.5% and won the election.
The election of 1848
brought along two new candi-
dates for each party. Zachary
Taylor, a Whig and Lewis Cass, a
Democrat.
Taylor is from Louisiana
and his running mate is Millard
Fillmore. He won over fifteen
states with 163 electoral votes and
1,361,393 popular votes.
The Election of 1848
The Bank of the United States
Jocelyn H. 8-1 Page 19
ary 3, 1821, in Bristol, England.
She was the third of nine children
of Samuel Blackwell, a sugar re-
finer, and his wife,
Hannah neé Lane.
Her father believed
that his children
should get an edu-
cation, so he had
the house servants
tutor them. While
Elizabeth was grow-
ing up, six of her
sisters and two of
her brothers died.
A t a g e
eleven, Elizabeth
and her family moved to the
United States because her father
Elizabeth Blackwell was
an amazing woman. She had
many accomplishments in her life
including being
the first woman
doctor in the
United States
and the first
woman to gradu-
ate from medi-
cal school. She
also educated
many other
women in medi-
cine and was
important in the
women‟s rights
movement.
She was born on Febru-
lost his business in a terrible fire.
They set up a new sugar refinery
in New York City in 1832.
Later, her father got a
great opportunity to move to Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, to have their refin-
ery there. Sadly, her father got
sick with biliary fever and died
three months after moving to
Ohio.
Elizabeth went off to col-
lege at Geneva College in New
York. ON January 11, 1849, she
graduated first in her class as the
first woman with a medical de-
gree.
She opened up the New
York Infirmary for Indigent
Obituary of Elizabeth Blackwell
Circus!
A circus is coming to your town!
Get ready to have some fun!
Paid Advertisement:
The Barnum and Bailey
Circus is coming to a town
near you soon. The circus
will include all different
types of animals, stunts,
juggling, clowns, unicy-
clists, and acrobats. The
circus is making a tour
around the area this spring
and would like for you to
come and visit. Make sure
you try our amazing pop-
corn! Enjoy the show!
Jocelyn H. 8-1 Page 20
The Tariff of Abomina-
tions, was a crisis for some and
great for others.
In 1828, Andrew Jackson
was faced with the tariff passed by
Congress in 1828.
The tariff would help the
Northern manufactures,
but hurt the Southern
farmers, because the farm-
ers sold their cotton in
Europe. They then bought
European goods, they had
to pay a tariff on the goods
The Second Great
Awakening started in
the 1800‟s. It was a
powerful religious
movement. One of
its leaders was a min-
ister named Charles
Grandison Finney.
At the beginning of the
awakening, Finney
asked the faithful to pu-
rify their own lives. He
warned them to give up
sin and “Walk with
God.” Then, he urged
them to outlook and
take up the banner of reform.
Tariff of Abomination
Jackson‟s Vice-President, John C. Cal-
houn, disagreed with him. He agreed
with Thomas Jefferson, who tried to
say that a state had the power to cancel
a federal law. But a serious question
that if the state had the power to cancel
a federal law, then the federal govern-
ment would be
powerless.
In 1830 Daniel Webster
attacked the nullify on the
senate floor.
At a dinner party in
1830, that Jackson and Cal-
houn attended, Jackson
rose up and said, “Our Fed-
eral Union – it must be pre-
served!”, then Calhoun rose
and said, “The Union –
next to our liberty, most
dear.” After the debate Cal-
houn resigned from Vice-
President and became the
governor of South Carolina
and Martin Van Buren be-
came Vice-President in
1833.
He especially called on Christians
to join a crusade to stamp out the
evil of slavery. He said, “It is a great
national sin….Let Christians of all
denominations meekly but firmly
come forth . . . and wash their
hands of this thing. Let them give
forth and write on the head and
front of this great, SIN.”
The Second Great Awakening
Page 21 Josh H. 8-1
George Catlin
was born on July
6, 1796, in
Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania. He
passed away on
December 23,
1872, in Jersey
City, New Jersey.
He
started his career
going to school to become a lawyer.
Then, he saw some Indians and
wanted to study, and draw them.
Obituary of: George Catlin
have fifty head of laying chickens,
and four roosters. I have
one-hundred and fifty head of
pigs. Four oxen, and eight horses.
You‟ll have to put up fence, do
pig, cow, chicken, ox, and horse
chores . During planting season
you will have to run a brand new
John Deere steal plow, behind
one of my working horses or one
of my oxen. For harvesting you
will have to pick my crop. You
might also have to bring some of
my crop to town to sell. If you
are interested in the job, go to
the local saloon and just ask for
the awesome Josh.
Help wanted: for a farm
worker. Willing to work hard
long hours for low pay. $0.05 an
hour, or for field work; $0.10 per
bushel of crops. Hours are 4 a.m.
to 7 p.m. on average besides
planting and harvesting times. I
have one hundred head of cattle
on fifty acres of prairie. I also
He made a bunch of crea-
tion. In 1841, he pub-
lished his most famous
book, Letters and Notes
on Manners, Customs,
and Condition of North
American Indians. Then
in 1845, he wrote Hunting
Scenes and Amusement
of the Rocky Mountains
and Prairies of America.
In 1848, he wrote Catlin's Notes
of Eight Years' Travels and Resi-
dence in Europe. Plus two books
in 1867 which were, Life
Amongst the Indians and Last
Rambles Amongst the Indians of
the Rocky Mountains and the
Andes.
Help Wanted!
Josh H. 8-1 Page 22
This big sale in Boston. Was said that
300 pure bred mares were to be sold in
an auction house south of the old general
store on 236 South Second Avenue. It is
an auction house slash rode home. It is
home to the most famous horses in the
world. Home to the richest horse riders
ever. To reunite the horse a race is being
held July 27, 1803. You will find Betty,
Olga, and the classic Helga. These horse
are big buggy riders and famous horse
racers. They were said to win every race
they were placed in and they could go
non stop no matter what the challenge
may be. They can gallop for 30 miles
straight without being winded.
beauty. He weighs 310 lbs of pure
muscle. He is 6.4 ft tall. He is fero-
cious horse who can travel a barreling
40 mph. Its quite an amazing ride with
this beautiful young horse. This auc-
tion isn‟t something you would want to
miss. It‟s one in a life time deal, and
you could be one of the ones to buy
the great Leroy. COME ON IN!!!
Big Auction Sale, Come get your horse.
Buy one get one free! Its an unbelievable
deal. Pure bred to bred. At Saturday,
August 3, 1804. This sale is unbelievable
you can find 900 horse for sale. Young
man Gelding is selling is ranch along with
his million dollar horses for only a few
dollars! One is a beautiful mare Leroy.
He is worth a amazing $20. He is a
born to run and born to ride. She was in
the Durby 200 and got Second and
barely lost to Helgo a first class horse
champion. She is now 10 years old and
still young. She
will do almost
anything for you.
She was said to
be unstoppable.
This beauty is Bertha. She was born Oc-
tober 20, 1803. She‟s a beautiful 7 year
old. That is found in New York City. She
was said to
be a race
horse but
the rest is
unknown.
This brand new horse bred horse named
Betsy is a female horse just on a ranch
north of New York City. She is a beauti-
ful 290 lbs. brown mare. She was born
October 7, 1801. She
was born with a weak
leg, but now it is well
and she can run in
many races. She was
Horse Sale in Philadelphia
Horse Sale in New York
Horse Sale in Boston
Bret J. 8-1 Page 23
ida, a group of Indians called the Semi-
noles fought back, and fought back
hard. There leader Osceola, led this
group to their victories and defeats
The things that led up to the
Indian Removal Act, is the gold they
found in Georgia. It wasn‟t legal for An-
drew Jackson to remove them. He
forced them out by gun point. The Su-
preme Court ruled that they had a right
to stay there. The ironic thing is that An-
drew Jackson forced them out. He was
famous for the Battle of New Orleans.
Sixty percent of his soldiers were Indi-
ans.
He basically betrayed this big
group of people. This led to the “Trail of
Tears.” Most tribes left without resis-
tance, but on tribe fought back. In Flor-
against the American army. This war was
abused him as a kid and left him in his
teenage years. James Wilson Marshall
didn‟t know his mother.
She died when he was born.
He didn‟t have any brothers or sisters.
He never married. He died in 1890 of a
stroke. He was one of the most famous
men in California for his gold discovery
James Wilson Marshall was born Octo-
ber 8, 1810. He discovered gold in Cali-
fornia in 1860. He was the first person
too discovered gold who didn‟t want to
discover gold. He wanted to keep it a
secret, but it got out and 80,000 people
moved to California because of it. His
dad James Marshall, a Baptist priest
forced James into many harsh things. He
and he shall be
remembered
as that still
today.
Trail of Tears
Obituary of James Wilson Marshall
An English family developed a steam
powered train, it traveled thirty m.p.h.
There was a race held in 1830, to deter-
mine which was
faster. The horse
barely kept up, but
the steam engine one
died and the horse
won the game. This
didn‟t put an end to
the steam powered engine. It only started
the railroad revolution. Business bought
land and built these railroads. They were
rich and
wealthy
busi-
nesses.
Railroad was invented in Eng-
land and brought to the U.S. through
news of the Iron Horse. Railroads were
being set up all over the
U.S. when they
heard of it in the
late 1800‟s. It was
a horse drawn
train, it had wood
railroad, and iron
strips. In 1819,
First Railroads
Bret J. 8-1 Page 24
Three full years of panic,
confusion were lost in the „Panic of
1837‟. Many people were put out of
jobs and kicked out of their homes
due to lack of payment. These were
some of the, worst economic crisis
in the nation‟s history.
Van Buren took office in
1837, and Jackson stood promptly at
his side; Van Buren was known to
be intelligent, but as President he
would face a crisis that not even the
sharpest politician could solve. He
won his spot in office by a popular
vote, but within two months of being
began to print off more dollar bills.
Soon the price of the cotton also
began to fall because of oversupply.
New York Banks were jammed with
depositors, and able to pay leaving
them empty handed.
The blame was put on Van
Buren and he earned himself a the
nickname “Van Ruin”. But to show
his concern he cut the White House
Expenses.
in office, he faced the nation‟s worst
economic crisis: “ The Panic of
1837”.
There are many of causes
for the downward spiral of the econ-
omy. The only income for the gov-
ernment came either from the tariffs
or the sales on land, most of the
land was sold to people in the west.
Some land was bought by farmers
but even more was purchased by
speculators. Soon people be-
gan to barrow money from the
state banks, in order to meet
the demand on money. They
symbol of a bear on it.
Later in the War Fre-
mont joined forces
with U.S. Army, a
third army was led by
American‟s in Northern Califor-
nia had risen against the Mexican
rule. John Fremont and a Band
of Frontiers Man led the rebels.
On June 14, 1846, they declared
California an independent coun-
try.
In their flag that they had
risen for their country had the
The Bear Flag
The Panic of 1837
Brittanae J. 8-1 Page 25
Canoe for sale!
cal one. Despite the fact that an
around her people recognized
her remarkable intelli-
gence and abilities as an
orator, she was prevented
from substantive or from
pursuing her dream of be-
coming an attorney.
In 1821, after her
father died she moved to
Philadelphia, she then be-
came a Quaker. On De-
cember 23, 1873 she died,
knowing that she had done
Sarah Moore Grimke was
born on November 26, 1792 in
South Carolina; she was an
American Abolitionist, writer,
and suffragist. She was the daugh-
ter of Mary and John Grimke a
rich plantation owner he was also
an attorney and judge in South
Carolina.
Sarah‟s early experiences
with education shaped her future
as an abolitionist and feminist.
Throughout her childhood, she
was keenly aware of the infer-
nality of her own education when
compared to her brother‟s classi-
Sarah Grimke Obituary
This canoe is priceless. it is great condi-
tion and has never been taken farther
than the northlands! You‟ll always have a
great time in this canoe, it was made for
comfort and enjoyment of the time you
spend out on the river! It is for sale at
only $5.87 and we will through in an ex-
tra paddle!
Page 26 Brittanae J. 8-1
William Henry Harrison died
April 4, 1841. He is the first
president to have the shortest
term in office. His term was only
thirty-two days. His nickname
was “Old Tip,” or “Old
Tippecanoe”. He ended up leav-
ing his wife, Anna Tuthill Sym-
mes, and his seven children:
Elizabeth Bassett, John Cleves
Symmes, Lucy Singleton, James
Frindley, John Scott, Mary
Symmes, and Carter Bassett.
William was the first person in
the Whig party for President. He
was also the oldest man
inaugurated at the age of sixty-
eight. The doctors said he died
from pneumonia after he caught
a cold. After his death, John Ty-
ler took over presidency after he
died. John was the first Vice
President to take office because
of a death of the President.
was ordered to set up posts along
the Rio Grande. He was ordered
to set up posts along the Rio
Grande. Polk then knew that the
Mexicans had claimed this land,
and knew that this would spark
some sort of war. By 1846,
Mexican troops were on their
way crossing the Rio Grande and
fought very briefly with both
sides. After the battle, both sides
had soldiers killed. President
Polk then states “shed American
blood on American soil.”
Congress then declared war on
Mexico. All the Northerners
opposed the war because they
saw this as a plot to add slave
states to the Union.
The United Sta tes
Attacked on several fronts,
causing the Mexican War to
begin. General Zachary Taylor
crossed Rio Grande into
Northern Mexico. Taylor had
won many battles there against
the Mexican army. On February
1847, he defeated General Santa
Anna at the Battle of Buena
Vista. By then, General Winfield
Scott landed another American
Army at the Mexican Port of
The United States and Mexican
started off on the brink of war.
Mexico never accepted the
independence of Texas, which
called for the annexation of
Texas. This actually made the
Mexicans furious, and Ameri-
cans, in turn, were mad with
Mexico. By then, President Polk
offered to pay Mexico thirty mil-
lion dollars for California and
New Mexico. Mexico strongly
refused and opposed losing any
of their territory.
In January of 1846, Polk
offered General Zachary Taylor
to cross the Nueces River. He
Mexican War
Death of William Harrison
Mikayla M. 8-1 Page 27
During her middle years,
she was an outstanding poet. She
was one of the Nation‟s best po-
ets. During her lifetime, she
wrote over 1,750 poems. Only
seven of those poems were pub-
lished in her lifetime. The most
amazing thing about her poems is
that she would write over 366
poems in a year. She wrote a
poem called “Like Walt Whit-
man.”
Her life became very
rough later. She had fallen in love
with the wrong man named
Charles Wadsworth. The only
thing in the way was his wife, so
Emily Dickinson was
born December 10, 1030, in
Armherst. Her mother‟s name
was Emily Norcross Dickinson
and her father‟s name was Ed-
ward Dickinson. During her
younger days, she studied Latin,
geology, botany, and philosophy
in school. She was only nine at
the time. At the age of sixteen,
she had no friends. No one really
liked her at the time. The only
friends she really had were her
brother, Austin, and her sister,
Lavinia. They went to the Con-
gregational Church, so she was a
strong believer in God.
he told her he would have to be-
come friends. Two things went
wrong at their house. First, she
was starting to recluse, or hide in
her name. Second, she was losing
more and more relatives within a
year. Of all the deaths, her father
was the first to leave this world.
Her mother left shortly after her
father, and lost her little nephew,
Gib. He was only eight, which
was very heartbreaking to her.
She lived only a few years after all
this, but suddenly became very
i l l .
She
Mikayla is wanted Dead or Alive for shooting at
the school kids this past Tuesday. She also had a shoot
out at the Colonial Bank. If you find her dead or alive,
you will get $25 for the reward. Hurry up and find her,
she is on the run. We do not want her kind messing up
the society.
Obituary of Emily Dickinson
Wanted Dead or Alive
Page 28 Mikayla M. 8-1
Cyrus McCormick spent hours tinkering with tools. He later turned his tal-
ents into inventing a machine to harvest wheat. In 1831 he created a
“mechanical reaper”. He hitched the reaper to a horse that pulled it
through a wheat field. He soon realized that by inventing this machine, he
could save farmers money and make a fortune for himself. The mechanical
reaper became very popular and successful. Another man was a
part of the inventions of the 1800s. His name was John Deere.
He invented a light weight plow. Earlier plows were made of
wood or iron. What made John Deere‟s invention so special is
that he built it with steel. The early plows weighed so much they
had to be pulled by a slow-moving oxen. By making a lighter
weight plow that could be pulled by a horse. This helped farm-
ers raise more grain with fewer hands.
Despite Whitman‟s
death, the settlement in Oregon
grew. News about Oregon coun-
try trickled back to the United
States. Farmers marveled at sto-
ries of wheat that grew taller than
a man, the Oregon turnips were
five feet round. “Oregon Fever”
broke out. Soon, pioneers
clogged the trails in the west. Be-
ginning in 1843, wagon trails left
every spring for Oregon. The
route they followed was called the
Oregon Trail.
to fall in the mountains. This
meant that pioneers had to cover
2,000 miles on foot in five
months.
Life on the trail, pioneer
families woke to a bugle blast at
down. Each person had a job to
do. Young girls helped their
mothers prepare breakfast, men
and boys harnessed the horses
and oxen. By 6 a.m., the cry
“Wagons Ho”, stop for a break at
noon and then continue on, at
night wagons were drawn in a cir-
Families planning to go
west met at Independence, Mis-
souri, in the early spring. They
camped outside town with their
cattle and other animals. When
enough families had gathered,
they formed a wagon train. Each
group elected leaders to make
decisions along the way.
Oregon-bound pioneers
hurried to leave Independence in
May. Timing was important, and
travelers had to reach Oregon by
early October, before snow began
Farming Invetnions of the 1800s
Oregon Trail
Page 29 Davi R. 8-1
Missing Child!
Sophia Joanne McHoffin was reported missing last
Wednesday , her parents say she was last seen at a
family gathering at the lake, all the kids were down
there playing in the water, and when it was time to
come up to the cabin to eat, she was not to be found.
Sophia is two years old, blonde , about 3 feet, happy,
smart, and shy. If you have any information please
work your way to the post office and tell our manger all
the information you know thank you.
Obituary of Lucretia Mott Lucretia Coffin was born on January 3,1793. She was the daughter of Anna and Tho-
mas Coffin. She was the second of five children. She was the child of Quakers .She
went to school, but afterwards she became a teacher. Lucretia married a man by the
name of James Mott in 1811. In 1817, the death of Lucretia and James Mott‟s three
year old son occurred. The Motts had six children. Five of
whom survived to adulthood. In1821, Lucretia became a
Quaker minister. She was often threatened with physical vio-
lence due to her racial views. She was very opposed to slavery.
In 1848, Lucretia joined Elizabeth Cady Stanton in Seneca
Falls, NY for a convention. Lucretia outlived her husband.
Lucretia Coffin Mott died on the 11th of November in the year 1880 surrounded, by her
children and grandchildren.
Page 30 Davi R. 8-1
Moses Austin obtained a land
grant in the Spanish colony of
Texas. Austin‟s son, Stephen
Austin, took over the settling pro-
ject when Moses died. Stephen
Austin took three hundred care-
fully picked families to Texas to
settle among the four thousand
Mexicans living there.
This project went so well that by
1830, twenty thousand Ameri-
cans were living in Texas. Be-
cause of this, Mexico, who by
then gained independence from
Spain, passed a law to forbid any
more Americans to settle in
Texas. Mexico feared Americans
wanted Texas to be part of the
United States, due to the fact the
United States tried to buy it in
1828 and 1829.
Mexico then decided to make
Texans obey laws that had been
ignored for years. They banned
taken, Santa Anna began to mass
his troops together. The Texans,
meanwhile, met at Washington-
on-the-Brazos. It was there, on
March 2, 1839, that the Texans
declared independence from
Mexico. They then set up the
Republic of Texas. Sam Houston
became the commander of the
Texan army.
Sam Houston retreated the arm
to the Alamo were the Mexicans
defeated the Texans and exe-
cuted the five Texan survivors of
the battle.
On April 21, 1836, Sam Houston
attacked General Santa Anna at
the San Jacinto River. The eight-
een-minute battle was started with
cries of “Remember the Alamo!”
six hundred thirty Mexicans were
killed and seven hundred were
captured. Among those captured
was General Santa Anna. He was
forced to sign a treaty which
granted the Texans‟ independ-
ence from Mexico.
slavery and forced the Texans to
worship the Catholic Church.
Americans gained the support of
the Tejanos, the Mexicans living
there, and felt the time of action
had finally come. The Tejanos,
however, didn‟t want independ-
ence from Mexico, but they
hated General Antonio Copez de
Santa Anna. General Santa Anna
had become Mexico‟s military
dictator in 1832, and he had
thrown out of the Mexican Con-
stitution.
In October of 1835, the Texans,
in Gonzales, clashed with the
Mexican troops there. The battle
was nicknamed “The Lexington
of Teas” as the Mexicans were
defeated.
Following the Gonzales victory,
the Texans ambushed and took
San Antonio in December of
1835. After San Antonio was
Mormons’ Move
Texas Rebellion
The Mormon group of New York
has been moving for a while. The
Mormons belong to the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
that was founded by Joseph Smith
in 1830. The Mormons believed
that property should be owned in
common and that a man could
have more than one wife. Many
Mormons followed Smith, but
their non-Mormon neighbors
were angered by them.
The Mormons were forced to
move from New York to Ohio.
From Ohio, they moved to
Missouri; after that to Illinois.
Non-Mormons really did not
like them.
In 1840, the Mormons built the
town of Nauvoo in Illinois and
by 1844; Nauvoo was the largest
Jessica Roetman Page 31
Once the Mormons moved to
the valley, Young once again
proved he was a gifted leader. He
planned an irrigation system to
bring much-needed water to the
Mormons‟ crops. Young also cre-
ated plans to build Salt Lake City.
In 1850, Congress recognized
Brigham Young as the Utah Ter-
ritory governor. When non-
Mormons moved into the terri-
tory, they once again stirred up
trouble, but Young restored
peace to the land. Utah finally
became a state in 1896.
town in Illinois.
Nauvoo still wasn‟t safe for the
Mormons. An angry mob of non-
Mormons came to the town and
killed Joseph Smith, who was still
leader of the Mormons.
Brigham Young was quickly
elected to become leader of the
Mormons. He realized Illinois
wasn‟t safe and decided to move
everyone to the Great Salt Lake
Valley.
With faith and careful planning,
Young overcame the challenge of
moving fifteen thousand Mor-
mons across the Midwest.
the last words she uttered. Because of Harriet Tubman‟s
self-sacrificing serviced to the
black race, Queen Victoria
awarded her a medal of honor.
Harriet met her death on March
10, 1913, of pneumonia. “I go to
prepare a place for you,” were
riet refused a slave master‟s orders
to grab another escaping slave.
The slave master, furious,
threw a heavy metal object
at the slave, but it hit
twelve-year-old Harriet
instead. She suffered
from seizures for the
rest of her life.
In 1844, Harriet re-
ceived permission from
her master to marry a free
black man, John Tubman.
Five years later, Tubman escaped
slavery and fled to the North with-
out her husband.
A year after Tubman‟s escape, she
was made an official conductor of
the Underground Railroad. As a
conductor, she returned to the
south nineteen times and con-
ducted over three-hundred slaves
to freedom. Among that number
were her aging parents. Because
of her great success in freeing
slaves, a $40,000 reward was of-
fered for her capture. Tubman,
however, was never caught, and
she never lost a passenger on
their way to freedom.
In 1869, Tubman married Nel-
son Davis after finding out John
Tubman had re-married then
died sometime later. She was
married to Davis for nineteen
years until he died.
Harriet Ross-Tubman died on
March 10, 1913, in Auburn, New
York. Labeled the Moses of
her people, her death was
indeed a tragedy.
Harriet Tubman was
boar as Araminta
Ross to Harriet
Greene and Benja-
min Ross. She later
took up her mother‟s
first name. Born a slave
in Edward Brodas planta-
tion in Dorchester County,
Tubman‟s birth was not re-
corded; although it is estimated
she was born in 1820 or 1821.
Being a devoted Christian, Har-
Death of Harriet Tubman
Page 32 Jessica R. 8-1
James K. Polk, who was
a democrat, was running with
George Mufflin Dallas. They
had 170 electoral votes, and
1,339,368 popular votes. They
won the election.
Henry Clay, who was a
Whig, was with Theodore
Frelinghuysen. They had 105
electoral votes and 1,300,687
popular votes. The last group
was the liberty. James G. Birney
and his vice president was Tho-
mas Morris. They had just over
60,000 votes.
The election was a very
important step in allowing other
states to join the United States.
This put everyone on edge be-
cause they didn‟t know how the
people would react to the an-
nexing of Texas.
So over all the election
was very close, and the reason it
was so close was because of an-
nexing of Texas.
fornia from everywhere in the
world including Britain, Spain,
and other countries around the
world.
Mr. Shufelt, or S. Shufelt,
Wrote a letter to his cousin. The
James Wilson Marshall
Found Gold at A sawmill near
Present-day Sacramento. This
started the Gold Rush or “Gold
Fever”. It caused over eighty-
thousand people to go to Cali-
Discovery of Gold in the West!!
The Election of 1844
ANIMAL SKIN‟S FOR SALE
GREAT PRICE JUST GO
DOWN TO THE WORK SHOP
IN TOWN TO MAKE AN OF-
FER OF BUY SKINS
I hope you have a little more in-
cite about the Gold Rush.
Page 33 Logan R. 8-1
Gilbert Stuart was born in
North Lanston, Rode Island, in 1755.
He grew up in New Port. He was in
New Port a lot because his dad owned
a snuff farm-mill.
As a grown-up, he was a fa-
mous artist. One of his most famous
paintings was The Unfinished Portrait
of George Washington. He has also
painted many famous people too.
He was known by many fa-
mous people and presidents and was
also a teacher in the arts. He was a
mentor to many students. He was also
a teacher.
Gilbert Stuart’s Obituary
Page 34 Logan R. 8-1
In 1836, the United States refused to an-
nex or add, Texas to the nation. However, eight
years later, many Americans changed their minds.
In 1844 Sam Houston, the president of Texas
signed a treaty of annexation with the United
States. The United States Senate refused that it
would cause a war with Mexico. Houston did not
give up. To persuade Americans to annex Texas,
he pretended that Texas might become allies with
Britain. The trick worked. Since Americans did
not want an ally of Europe‟s greatest power on
their Western border, they agreed.
William Travis, hardly more than a
boy, commanded the troops. Some volunteers
inside the mission included famous frontiers-
men, Jim Bowie and Davy Crockett. The Te-
jano family helped nurse the sick and
wounded.
On February 23, 1836, a Texan look-
out spotted the gleam of swords in the
sunlight; Santa Anna‟s army was coming. The
first shots from the Alamo were rapid and
deadly and took the Mexicans by surprise.
Travis placed three or four rifles by each
mans side to cut down on reloading time. On
February 24, Travis sent for more soldiers, in
his note he added “Victory or Death!” In the
end sixty more men came to aid the Texans.
The Texans held off the Mexicans for twelve
days, but at dawn on March 6, 1836, Mexican
cannon broke through the tall, thick Alamo
The Alamo was built in the mid- 1700s by the
Spanish. It included a church, corrals, barracks,
storage rooms, and a blacksmith shop. The
Alamo was surrounded by walls twelve feet high
and five feet thick. “A strong place,” an observer
commented. Texan defenders who gathered in
the Alamo in the winter of 1835 and 1836 were
ill-prepared to fight. However, the fact that there
were only one hundred eighty- seven Texans to
defend against six thousand Mexican troops was
most concerning.
Remember the Alamo
Annexing Texas
Texas claimed that its Southern border was
the Rio Grande, but Mexico argued that it was the
Nueces River. The United States supported Texas‟s
claims, yet trouble with Mexico seem inevitable.
Coryn V. 8-1 Page 35
the Civil War for freed
slaves.
After a long, well-
lived life, Sojourner Truth
died on November 26,
1883, at her College Street
home in Battle Creek,
Michigan. Her funeral was
two days later. She was
buried in Oak Hill Ceme-
tery next to her grandson.
Isabella Baumfree was born into slavery on the
Hardenbergh Estate in New York. She was the daughter of
Betty and “Bomfreee” as they called her father. Isabella
had two sisters, Elizabeth and Sophia. Isabella ran away
from her owner just before the state law would have freed
her. After she escaped, she took her new name of So-
journer Truth, in 1827. She claimed that God had sent her
to declare truth unto people.
Truth became a powerful speaker for abolition
and woman‟s rights. Sojourner Truth married Thomas, a
slave. They had five children, four girls and one boy. So-
journer worked in the Union hospitals and camps during
Sojourner Truth
Wanted For Numerous Crimes and Murders
Baby Face Siep and Pretty Boy beek
Reward: $200
Page 36 Coryn V. 8-1
Manifest Destiny is but a notion;
however, it has a great meaning in
our nation‟s history. Some of the
definitions are:
Manifest: clear and obvious
Destiny: something sure to
happen
The U.S. thought that they
were clearly meant to spread to the
Pacific Ocean.
Americans also took up this
because they thought they were bet-
ter than the Native Americans and
the Mexicans. This is, of course, a
form of racism, and was unjustly
Manifest Destiny. It also included
expansionalism, American excep-
tionalism, and a belief of natural
superiority. Some thought it was des-
tiny under God to accomplish Mani-
fest Destiny, which, at the time, did-
n‟t have a name. The Monroe Doc-
trine also came into play with Mani-
fest Destiny. In the Monroe Doc-
trine, expansionalism was necessary
to enforce it.
The Whigs began to believe
that the U.S. should serve as virtu-
ous examples to the rest of the world
instead of expand.
treated. They also believed that this
justified taking over their lands be-
cause they weren‟t good enough to
have it.
Some Americans thought
that they were destined and divinely
ordained by God to spread from the
Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Some
people even believed that it meant to
take over all of North America.
(Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and Central
America) (Called continentalism)
Some people said it was not only
good but also “manifest” and certain
“destiny. Andrew Jackson and the
Democrats were the first ones to use
Fix it with Catmint Juice. This
juice is THE cough juice that
you need to have. We guarantee
that you will get rid of that trou-
blesome cough almost instantly,
or we‟ll pay you back! This is a
once in a lifetime offer, people! I
say: if you buy one gallon of this
juice, we‟ll give you two gallons
FREE!!! That‟s right: FREE!!!
Again: this is a once in a lifetime
opportunity. Telegram now at 1-
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at PO Box 12345 Cough Factory
Harris County, Iowa
56173! Send in, or telegram
NOW!!!
Got A Cough?
Manifest Destiny
Catnip
Juice: no
more
coughing
Page 36 Mariah W. 8-1
clar
e d
that
t h e
The trade unions is when skilled
workers banded together for
shorter hours.
First, the workers went on
strike. This is illegal at the time.
Second, in the 1840‟s
they won a small victory when
President Van Buren approved a
ten hour workday for government
employees.
The final action was in
1842, a Massachusetts court de-
people have a right to go on
strike.
The Trade Unions
Angelina Grimke died on
October 26th, 1879. She was 74
years old. We mourn along with
her family. Her sister, Sarah
Grimke, was devastated. Her fa-
ther, John Fauchard Grimke, did-
n‟t really have anything to say on
her part. Today, we will remem-
ber her. She was the first woman
to lecture for the Anti-Slavery
Society. She was also the first
woman to address a legislative
body. She was an abolitionist and
was against slavery. She was also a
celebrated politician and lawyer
as well as a public speaker. She
was born on February 20, 1805,
in Charleston, South Carolina. In
1829, she became a Quaker. In
1836, she was threatened to be
arrested if they ever returned to
their native state. On May 14,
1838, she married Theodore
Weld. Finally, in 1839, she had
to give up public speaking be-
Angelina Grimke Obituary
Women‟s Rights
Meeting!!!
All abolitionist
women that want slav-
ery to end: come to
the Boston Harbor
at 6:00 P.M. tonight
to have a few mo-
ments in memory of
Angelina Grimke.
Mariah W. 8-1 Page 37
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