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A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar System Exploration Michael Paul The Penn State Applied Research Laboratory [email protected] 814-865-9823 15 th Small Bodies Assessment Group Meeting, June 29, 2016

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Page 1: A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar … · A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar System Exploration ... Stirling Engine Alternator Balancer ... SCEPS_In_Space_SBAG15_June_2016.ppt

A Fire In The Sky:�Combustion-Based Power For�

Solar System Exploration

Michael Paul The Penn State Applied Research Laboratory

[email protected] 814-865-9823

15th Small Bodies Assessment Group Meeting, June 29, 2016

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SCEPS: Stored Chemical Energy & Power Systems For Underwater Use

PROPULSOR

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Can SCEPS Be �Useful For Space Missions?

Canmetal‐combus/onpowersystemsenable

mid‐dura/onexplora/onmissionsto:

Venus?

TheAitkenBasin?

Titan?

A2011NASAIns/tuteforAdvancedConceptsProposal

PI:MichaelPaul(PennState);withJohnDankanich(GrayResearch),JamesKas/ng(PennState),Geoffrey

Landis(NASAGRC),TimMiller(PennState),andSteveOleson(NASAGRC)

Non‐RadioisotopePowerSystemsFor

SunlessSolarSystemExplora/onMissions

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Combustor

FuelTank

StirlingEngine

Alternator

BalancerDemonstrated:n Fully Integrated System

n 3 kW Stirling Engine

n 39% Efficiency

n 80 hour Operation (Fuel Exhaustion)

n 645 We-hr / kg

Li/SF6 Stirling Engine System:�SCEPS Useful For Both Power And Duration

Page 5: A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar … · A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar System Exploration ... Stirling Engine Alternator Balancer ... SCEPS_In_Space_SBAG15_June_2016.ppt

•  Small Launch Vehicle

•  120-hr landed operations

•  Diverse payload

•  New Frontiers Scale on cost, scope

NIAC Phase I:�Showed Promising Application on Venus

23

0!

10!

20!

30!

40!

50!

60!

70!

80!

90!

2! 3.0! 20! 30! 63! 90!Time (min)!

Alti

tude

(km

)!

ASI Measurements Begin!

Deploy Parachute!& Heat Shield Separation! Deploy Landing Legs!

Release Parachute!& Backshell!

NMS & TLS Measurements Begin!

Descent Imager!

Landing and HG Antenna Deployment!

ALIVE Entry Descent and Landing

Page 6: A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar … · A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar System Exploration ... Stirling Engine Alternator Balancer ... SCEPS_In_Space_SBAG15_June_2016.ppt

Combustion Chamber Full Of Lithium

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Reactor Values Model ALIVE Qreaction 14151 W 13980 Qloss 844 W 5% Qout 13307 W 13300 W Tthermosiphon 850 C 850 C (max)

Total mLi required

246 kg 213 kg(including tank)

Potential to Meet ALIVE Requirements

Mdot CO2 Products mdot

Qloss 844W

Tsiphon 850 C

Qout 13307W

Qreaction 14151W

Tsurface 994 C

Twall 985 C

Tbath 990 C

Tinsulator 475 C

Tamb 460 C

Page 8: A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar … · A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar System Exploration ... Stirling Engine Alternator Balancer ... SCEPS_In_Space_SBAG15_June_2016.ppt

Recent Successful Testing at

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Cut Open The Combustion Chamber To Test Products

Page 10: A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar … · A Fire In The Sky: Combustion-Based Power For Solar System Exploration ... Stirling Engine Alternator Balancer ... SCEPS_In_Space_SBAG15_June_2016.ppt

Any Place Where You Can’t Rely On Sunlight

Where to go and what to do with Combustion-based Power in Space?

Asteroids, Comets

KBOs, Dwarf Planets

Venus Surface Lunar South Pole

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Combustor

FuelTank

StirlingEngine

Alternator

BalancerDemonstrated:n Fully Integrated System

n 3 kW Stirling Engine

n 39% Efficiency

n 80 hour Operation (Fuel Exhaustion)

n 645 We-hr / kg

What Would YOU Do With This Power And Heat With Your Mission?

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•  Same power consumption/instrumentation for battery vice ASRG configurations (Table 12 – LPVE Concept Study) –  Battery: 4.4 days, 99 kg power, 50 kg instruments –  ASRG: > 20 days, 74 kg power, 79 kg instruments

•  Li-SF6 Wick Combustor Stirling Powerplant –  16 days, 99 kg power, 50 kg instruments à 16 drill sites –  10 ½ days, 74 kg power, 79 kg instruments à10 drill sites

•  20 days à 20 drill sites –  140 kg required for power –  Assume 250 W average power –  Assume 79 kg instruments

Food for Thought

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•  Small Bodies Assessment Group •  NASA Science Mission Directorate for

Including us Today! •  Penn State ARL For Encouraging This

Application of Something Old to Something New

Thanks To:

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Michael Paul [email protected]

Tim Miller [email protected]

Project Contacts

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References