a. chesapeake country john rolfe - tobacco king john rolfe - tobacco king 1619 – first slaves sold...
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A. Chesapeake countryA. Chesapeake country
John Rolfe - Tobacco KingJohn Rolfe - Tobacco King 1619 – First Slaves sold to 1619 – First Slaves sold to
JamestownJamestown Blacks too costly for most colonistsBlacks too costly for most colonists
House of BurgessesHouse of Burgesses First Representative Gov.First Representative Gov.
B. Growth of New B. Growth of New EnglandEngland
Pilgrims 1620Pilgrims 1620 William BradfordWilliam Bradford
Massachusetts Bay ColonyMassachusetts Bay Colony Started by non-separatists puritansStarted by non-separatists puritans
Great Migration 1630sGreat Migration 1630s John Winthrop 1John Winthrop 1stst Governor Governor
Bay Bible CommonwealthBay Bible Commonwealth
Winthrop distrusted Winthrop distrusted “commons”“commons”
Protestant ethicProtestant ethicCommitment to work Commitment to work Engagement in worldly pursuitsEngagement in worldly pursuits
Trouble in theTrouble in theBible CommonwealthBible Commonwealth
Quaker persecutionQuaker persecution Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson
““Truly saved need not obey the laws”Truly saved need not obey the laws”
Roger WilliamsRoger Williams Challenges Bay CharterChallenges Bay Charter
Land taken from Indians illegitimateLand taken from Indians illegitimate Flees to Rhode IslandFlees to Rhode Island
More New EnglandMore New England
ConnecticutConnecticut Close church / gov. allianceClose church / gov. alliance
MaineMaine Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Absorbed by Massachusetts Bay
colonycolony New HampshireNew Hampshire
Royal colony 1679Royal colony 1679
C. Restoration coloniesC. Restoration colonies
Carolina started as a royal colonyCarolina started as a royal colony North CarolinaNorth Carolina
Poverty stricken, religious dissenters, Poverty stricken, religious dissenters, resistance to authorityresistance to authority
Lots of Indian fightingLots of Indian fighting GeorgiaGeorgia
Buffer colonyBuffer colony All Christians were received except All Christians were received except
CatholicsCatholics
C. Restoration coloniesC. Restoration colonies New NetherlandsNew Netherlands New Amsterdam (New York)New Amsterdam (New York)
Peter Stuyvesant surrenders to Duke of YorkPeter Stuyvesant surrenders to Duke of York English flag waves from Maine to CarolinasEnglish flag waves from Maine to Carolinas
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania William PennWilliam Penn
Truthful AdvertisingTruthful Advertising Philadelphia “brotherly love”Philadelphia “brotherly love”
D. MercantilismD. Mercantilism The Mercantile TheoryThe Mercantile Theory
Wealth = PowerWealth = Power Economic wealth is gained Economic wealth is gained
More exports than importsMore exports than imports
Colonies (two functions)Colonies (two functions) Supply raw materialsSupply raw materials Serve as export market (from England)Serve as export market (from England)
American Colonies (functional for England)American Colonies (functional for England)
D. MercantilismD. Mercantilism
MeritsMerits Navigation Laws didn’t burden the Navigation Laws didn’t burden the
colonistscolonists Many laws disregardedMany laws disregarded British paid well to colonial British paid well to colonial
producersproducers British Navy protectionBritish Navy protection
D. MercantilismD. Mercantilism
NegativesNegatives Stifled economic initiativeStifled economic initiative Dependency on British CreditorsDependency on British Creditors Feelings of being debased (used)Feelings of being debased (used)
E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery
1619 Dutch ship sells first Slaves1619 Dutch ship sells first Slaves West IndiesWest Indies
Sugar PlantationsSugar PlantationsWork intensiveWork intensive250,000 slaves imported in 50 years250,000 slaves imported in 50 years
First Slave Codes (Laws)First Slave Codes (Laws)Barbados slave code of 1661Barbados slave code of 1661
Denied Fundamental rightsDenied Fundamental rights
E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery Small English Farmers seek refuge in Small English Farmers seek refuge in
CarolinasCarolinas Displaced by sugar baronsDisplaced by sugar barons Brought slaves with them (including the Brought slaves with them (including the
codes)codes)
Movement to a Slave SocietyMovement to a Slave Society Initially cost too much to importInitially cost too much to import Bacon’s RebellionBacon’s Rebellion
Need for less troublesome workforceNeed for less troublesome workforce
E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery
Movement to Slave Movement to Slave Society (cont.)Society (cont.) Lack of candidates for Lack of candidates for
indentured servitudeindentured servitude Fear of “mutinous” Fear of “mutinous”
former servantsformer servants Slave ImportsSlave Imports
1717thth cent. cent. 1818thth cent. cent.
10,00010,000 390,000390,000
E. Origins of slaveryE. Origins of slavery Slave SourcesSlave Sources
West Coast AfricaWest Coast Africa ““Flesh Merchants”Flesh Merchants” Middle PassageMiddle Passage
Laws for SlavesLaws for Slaves Virginia 1662Virginia 1662
Blacks made propertyBlacks made property
Discrimination molded slave systemDiscrimination molded slave system
Slave Life Slave Life
Harsh work conditionsHarsh work conditions Rice and indigo most difficultRice and indigo most difficult Tobacco easiest workTobacco easiest work
Beginnings of a Slave CultureBeginnings of a Slave Culture LanguageLanguage FoodFood DanceDance Skilled workers (artisans)Skilled workers (artisans)
3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Mid-Eighteenth Century (Southern)(Southern)
Southern Society (transparency)Southern Society (transparency) FFV’sFFV’s
Washington’s, Lee’s, FitzhughsWashington’s, Lee’s, Fitzhughs Hardworking business folksHardworking business folks
Small Family FarmersSmall Family Farmers Largest social groupLargest social group Rugged hand to mouth existenceRugged hand to mouth existence Owned one or two slavesOwned one or two slaves
3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth Century Mid-Eighteenth Century (Southern)(Southern)Small Family FarmersSmall Family Farmers
Largest social groupLargest social group Rugged hand to mouth existenceRugged hand to mouth existence Owned one or two slavesOwned one or two slaves
Landless WhitesLandless Whites Former indentured servantsFormer indentured servants
SlavesSlaves Growing population Growing population
3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-Eighteenth CenturyMid-Eighteenth Century
New England SocietyNew England Society Migrated as family unitsMigrated as family units Booming birthrateBooming birthrate Family unit strengthens moral valuesFamily unit strengthens moral values Property rights for widowsProperty rights for widows Laws defended integrity of marriageLaws defended integrity of marriage
3. Colonial Society in the 3. Colonial Society in the Mid-18th Century (New Mid-18th Century (New England)England)
Tightly knit societyTightly knit society Small villages and farmsSmall villages and farms
Planned communitiesPlanned communities Education planEducation plan
Harvard College 1636Harvard College 1636
Democratic governmentDemocratic government
A. Social structure A. Social structure (Economic)(Economic)
Philosophy of the LandPhilosophy of the Land Improve the landImprove the land
Roads, clearing, settlementsRoads, clearing, settlements
Local ResourcesLocal Resources Timber, harbors, fish stocksTimber, harbors, fish stocks
Conditions fostered valuesConditions fostered values Encouraged expansion to OhioEncouraged expansion to Ohio
A. Social structure A. Social structure
Crevecoeur “a strange mixture of blood, Crevecoeur “a strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country,”which you will find in no other country,”
No titled nobilityNo titled nobility Social ladder climbableSocial ladder climbable Emergence of Merchant classEmergence of Merchant class Widows and orphansWidows and orphans Involuntary transfersInvoluntary transfers
Paupers & convictsPaupers & convicts
A. Social structureA. Social structure Clerics, Physicians, and LawyersClerics, Physicians, and Lawyers
PhysiciansPhysiciansPoorly trained 1765 first med schoolPoorly trained 1765 first med school
ClericsClericsPosition of high prestigePosition of high prestigeNot the same in the early daysNot the same in the early days
LawyersLawyersNot a favored professionNot a favored profession
Workday AmericaWorkday America AgricultureAgriculture
Leading industryLeading industry
FishingFishing Mostly in New EnglandMostly in New England
Shipped to EuropeShipped to Europe
Stimulated ship buildingStimulated ship building
CommerceCommerce Northern and Central ColoniesNorthern and Central Colonies Triangular TradeTriangular Trade
Workday AmericaWorkday America ManufacturingManufacturing
Household industriesHousehold industries CarpentersCarpenters
LumberingLumbering Primarily for shipbuildingPrimarily for shipbuilding
Naval StoresNaval Stores Supported the shipbuilding industrySupported the shipbuilding industry
Tobacco Tobacco
TransportationTransportation
RoadsRoads Poor conditionPoor condition
SailingSailing RiversRivers OceansOceans
Role of the TavernRole of the Tavern Gossip, rumor, political talkGossip, rumor, political talk
B. CultureB. Culture Great Awakening (1730 – 1740’s)Great Awakening (1730 – 1740’s)
Church StrainChurch Strain Elaborate doctrinesElaborate doctrines MembershipMembership
Started by Jonathan EdwardsStarted by Jonathan Edwards Fire and brimstoneFire and brimstone Emergences of Colleges (New Light Emergences of Colleges (New Light
Centers)Centers) Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and DartmouthPrinceton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth
B. CultureB. Culture
The American mindThe American mindSchools and CollegesSchools and CollegesBooks and LibrariesBooks and Libraries
Printing PressesPrinting PressesFranklin and PaineFranklin and Paine
Freedom of the PressFreedom of the PressZengerZenger
B. CultureB. Culture
““Folkways”Folkways” Food plentiful “Lazy or sickly was the Food plentiful “Lazy or sickly was the
person whose stomach was empty”person whose stomach was empty” Comforts LackingComforts Lacking
No heaters, running water, plumbing, or No heaters, running water, plumbing, or bathtubs.bathtubs.
AmusementAmusement Militia MustersMilitia Musters Funerals and WeddingsFunerals and Weddings
B. CultureB. Culture
SportsSports CardsCards Horse racingHorse racing DancingDancing
HolidaysHolidays Thanksgiving Day most commonly Thanksgiving Day most commonly
observedobserved
C. New immigrants C. New immigrants (1780)(1780)
Germans (7%)Germans (7%) Pennsylvania DutchPennsylvania Dutch
Scots-Irish (5%) Scot lowlandersScots-Irish (5%) Scot lowlanders Scottish (7%)Scottish (7%) English (49%)English (49%) African (19%)African (19%) Other Europeans (13%)Other Europeans (13%)
4. Road to Revolution, 4. Road to Revolution, 1754–17751754–1775A.A. Anglo-French rivalries and Seven Anglo-French rivalries and Seven
Years’ WarYears’ War
B.B. Imperial reorganization of 1763Imperial reorganization of 17631.1. Stamp ActStamp Act
2.2. Declatory ActDeclatory Act
3.3. Townshend ActsTownshend Acts
4.4. Boston Tea PartyBoston Tea Party
C.C. Philosophy of the RevolutionPhilosophy of the Revolution
Anglo-French rivalries Anglo-French rivalries and Seven Years’ Warand Seven Years’ War
King William’s War & Queen Anne’s WarKing William’s War & Queen Anne’s War No real troop support from England & FranceNo real troop support from England & France
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Bad French/Spanish defeatBad French/Spanish defeat
Ohio ValleyOhio Valley Key for both British and FrenchKey for both British and French Fort System for the FrenchFort System for the French Virginia’s claim for the BritishVirginia’s claim for the British
Anglo-French rivalries Anglo-French rivalries and Seven Years’ Warand Seven Years’ War
Washington’s dubious startWashington’s dubious start Ft. Duquesne – defeats FrenchFt. Duquesne – defeats French Ft. Necessity – French defeat Washington Ft. Necessity – French defeat Washington
Seven Years’ WarSeven Years’ War Fought World wideFought World wide
British – Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, British – Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, RussiaRussia
War lost in EuropeWar lost in Europe France couldn’t support the N. America effortFrance couldn’t support the N. America effort
Anglo-French rivalries Anglo-French rivalries and Seven Years’ Warand Seven Years’ War
Colonists InvolvementColonists Involvement Disorganized Colonial involvement Disorganized Colonial involvement
initiallyinitially Confidence from fighting w/ BritishConfidence from fighting w/ British Showed British vulnerabilityShowed British vulnerability Friction toward British officersFriction toward British officers
Imperial reorganization Imperial reorganization of 1763of 1763
Stamp ActStamp ActUltimately created to Ultimately created to reimburse the British gov. for reimburse the British gov. for war costs.war costs.
One of ManyOne of ManySugar ActSugar ActQuartering ActQuartering Act
Imperial reorganization Imperial reorganization of 1763of 1763
Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act Repeal of Stamp ActRepeal of Stamp Act Immediate follow-up with Immediate follow-up with
Declaratory ActDeclaratory Act““To bind…in all cases To bind…in all cases whatsoever”whatsoever”
Inflamed ColonistsInflamed Colonists
Imperial reorganization Imperial reorganization of 1763of 1763
Townshend ActsTownshend Acts Light duty on glass, lead, paper, and Light duty on glass, lead, paper, and
tea.tea. Indirect customs tax on importsIndirect customs tax on imports Colonists felt any tax was a burdenColonists felt any tax was a burden Paying for royal governors and judges.Paying for royal governors and judges.
Seemed particularly corruptSeemed particularly corrupt Led to nonimportation agreements and Led to nonimportation agreements and
increased smugglingincreased smuggling
Imperial reorganization Imperial reorganization of 1763of 1763
Boston Massacre & Tea PartiesBoston Massacre & Tea Parties Death of Crispus AttucksDeath of Crispus Attucks John Adams as defense attorneyJohn Adams as defense attorney
Only two soldiers convicted / brandedOnly two soldiers convicted / branded Tea PartiesTea Parties
British monopoly was met with lack of British monopoly was met with lack of imports.imports.
No tea would reach the shore… exceptNo tea would reach the shore… except First unified resistanceFirst unified resistance
Imperial reorganization Imperial reorganization of 1763of 1763
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts Designed to punish Boston and Mass.Designed to punish Boston and Mass. Port ActPort Act
Closed Boston port till damages were paidClosed Boston port till damages were paid
Chartered rights taken awayChartered rights taken away Limits on town meetingsLimits on town meetings British soldiers tried in LondonBritish soldiers tried in London
Philosophy of the Philosophy of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
Deep RootsDeep Roots Committees of CorrespondenceCommittees of Correspondence Who’s RevolutionWho’s Revolution Common SenseCommon Sense New “Republicanism”New “Republicanism”
Deep roots of the Deep roots of the RevolutionRevolution
New World fostered changeNew World fostered change No Dukes or princesNo Dukes or princes Americans “made it” on their ownAmericans “made it” on their own
RepublicanismRepublicanism Whig ideas on patronageWhig ideas on patronage
Committees of Committees of CorrespondenceCorrespondence
1st in Boston1st in Boston Started by Sam AdamsStarted by Sam Adams
GoalsGoals Spread spirit of resistance through lettersSpread spirit of resistance through letters
British ReactionBritish Reaction Most seditious action the colonists could Most seditious action the colonists could
taketake
Whose Revolution?Whose Revolution?
What was most responsible?What was most responsible? Political IdealsPolitical Ideals Social and economic realitiesSocial and economic realities
Common SenseCommon Sense American InconsistenciesAmerican Inconsistencies
Loyalty vs. FreedomLoyalty vs. Freedom Fear of RebellionFear of Rebellion ““God save the KingGod save the King
British actions needed a “common British actions needed a “common sense” approachsense” approach Burning of shipsBurning of ships Hiring of HessiansHiring of Hessians
New RepublicanismNew Republicanism No Despotic King or RulerNo Despotic King or Ruler All government jobs are derived from the All government jobs are derived from the
peoplepeople The collective good of “the people” The collective good of “the people”
mattered more then private interest.mattered more then private interest. Conservative Republicans Conservative Republicans
““natural aristocracy”natural aristocracy”
Debated for next 100 yearsDebated for next 100 years
The American Revolution The American Revolution (1775 - 1783)(1775 - 1783)
Continental CongressContinental Congress Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence The WarThe War Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation Peace of ParisPeace of Paris Creating State GovernmentsCreating State Governments
Continental CongressContinental Congress Philadelphia 1774Philadelphia 1774 Met for almost 2 monthsMet for almost 2 months
55 delegates55 delegates
Defeated “home rule” propositionDefeated “home rule” proposition Creation of “Association”Creation of “Association”
Wanted to repeal offensive legislationWanted to repeal offensive legislation Not yet calling for independenceNot yet calling for independence
British Rejection of PetitionsBritish Rejection of Petitions
Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence
Richard Henry Lee moves for “free and Richard Henry Lee moves for “free and independent states” June 7, 1776independent states” June 7, 1776
Motion adopted July 2, 1776Motion adopted July 2, 1776 Explanation needed for the passed motionExplanation needed for the passed motion
Declaration approved July 4Declaration approved July 4 Cleared way for foreign aidCleared way for foreign aid Patriots were now rebelsPatriots were now rebels Inspiration around the worldInspiration around the world
The warThe war
1. French alliance1. French alliance 2. War and society; Loyalists2. War and society; Loyalists 3. War economy3. War economy
Articles of ConfederationArticles of Confederation
Peace of ParisPeace of Paris
Creating state Creating state governmentsgovernments
1. Political organization1. Political organization 2. Social reform: women, slavery2. Social reform: women, slavery