“A Change is Gonna’ Come,” Sam Cooke, 1963 I was born by the river in a little tent

Oh and just like the river I've been running ever sinceIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will

It's been too hard living but I'm afraid to dieCause I don't know what's up there beyond the skyIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will

I go to the movie and I go downtownSomebody keep telling me don't hang aroundIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will

Then I go to my brotherAnd I say brother help me pleaseBut he winds up knocking meBack down on my knees

Ohhhhhhhhh.....There been times that I thought I couldn't last for longBut now I think I'm able to carry onIt's been a long, a long time comingBut I know a change gonna come, oh yes it will

Learning Targets

Evaluate the need for a Civil Rights Movement

Describe the non-violent actions of the Civil Rights Movement

Summarize the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement

1880s: Jim Crow Laws

• In response to Civil War Amendments

• Separate but equal is legal

WWI and WWII

• Segregation in the military

WWI Harlem Hell Fighters WWII Tuskegee Airmen

1950s: Conditions in the South

• Separate schools• Unequal treatment• Voting restrictions (poll taxes, literacy tests, intimidation)• Violence (lynchings, KKK, i.e. Emmet Till)

(images next slide)

“Separate but Equal” Schools?

Vs.

White School African American School

Photographs used in the Brown Vs. Board of Education case

White Board Moment

Summarize in 5 words or less why there was a need for a civil rights movement.

1954: Brown Vs. Board of Education

• Ruled that separate schools are NOT equal

• Many Southern states refused to integrate (i.e. Little Rock)

"I draw the line in the dust and toss the gauntlet before the feet of tyranny and I say segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." Governor of Alabama George Wallace, Inaugural address, Jan. 14, 1963

1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott

• Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat

• NAACP and MLK, Jr. organized• Successful after one year

Rosa Park’s Arrest

MLK, Jr.

1960: Sit-Ins

• Blacks refused to leave “whites only” Woolworths counter• Non-violent method spreads

Original “sit-in” in Greensboro Idea spreads across the South

Whiteboard Moment

Civil Disobedience: Sit Ins

Review the instructions for the Sit-Ins.Which of these would be the most difficult to follow?

1961: Freedom Rides

Sponsored by C.O.R.E. (Congress for Racial Equality)

Tested Supreme Court decision

Blacks and whites rode buses together

1963: March on Washington

• Demonstration to support Civil Rights bill

• Martin Luther King Jr. “I Have a Dream”

1964: Voting Rights Drive

• “Freedom Summer” organized by students• Helped blacks to register to vote

White Board Moment

In one word, describe the civil rights movement.

In one word, describe the reaction by some white southerners to the civil rights movement.

1964: Civil Rights Act

• Outlawed discrimination in hiring• Ended segregation in public places

MLK planning the march to support the act LBJ signing the act

1964: 24th Amendment

• Banned poll taxes

1965: Voting Rights Act

• Ended literacy tests

White Board Moment

What do you think was the most important accomplishment of the Civil Rights Movement? Why?

Reflection

After reading the primary sources, answer the following in your notebook:

1. Summarize the method of civil disobedience.

2. What was the purpose of using civil disobedience in protest?

3. How effective do you think civil disobedience was in the Civil Rights Movement?