a call to migrate (hijrah)

8/21/2019 A Call to Migrate (Hijrah)

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ACalltoMigrate

FromtheLandsoftheDisbelievers

TotheLandsoftheMuslims

By:ShaykhAbdalAzzbinSlihalJarb


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TableofContents

Introduction 5

DefiningtheTermDr 10

DefiningtheTermHijrah 14

TheRulingonHijrahfromDralIslmtoDralKufr 15

TheFour

Situations

of

the

Potential

Muh

jir,

and

Their

Relevant

Rulings

20

TheRealityofOpenlyPracticingOnesReligion 36

PrinciplesUponthePathofHijrah 41

Conclusion 51

Appendix1:TheMuslimsBornintheLandsoftheDisbelievers 53

Appendix2:HijrahTotheLandsofKufr 56

Appendix3: ToWhereShouldOneMakeHijrah? 57


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Introduction1

Verily,allpraiseisduetoAllh.WepraiseHim,weseekHisAssistance,andwe

seekHisforgiveness,andweseekHisGuidance,andweseekrefugewithAllh

fromtheevilsofoursouls,andfromthemistakesinouractions.Whomsoever

AllhGuides,heistrulyguided,andwhomsoeverAllhleadsastray,youwill

findnoguidingpartnerforhim.

AndItestifythatthereisnoneworthyofworshipbesidesAllh alone,withno

partnersandItestifythatMuhammadisHisservantandMessenger.MaybountifulpeaceandblessingsbeuponhimuntiltheDayofResurrection.

Asforwhatfollows:

Thebelievershavehadarecenttasteofthecallsofthedelinquentsinour

societiesthosewhoseektodeceivetheirreligionandUmmahfortheMuslims

togatherandlivewiththedisbelievers,andthatwemustfearforourselvesfrom

ourselvesnotfromtheWest,andnotfromthedisbelieving,apostate

governmentsandthatthereisnoproblemwhatsoeverforusinlivingwiththe

JewsandChristians,orwiththeregimesthatservethem,andthattheproblem

withtheWestandtheapostateregimesisinlivingwithus.

ThesedeceiversareconfusedbetweenthemercyandfreedomgivenbyIslmto

thePeopleoftheBookaverynarrow,specificfreedomversustakingthemas

allies,andbetweenthedelayingofimplementingtherulingsofapostasyupon

theapostatesduetothelackofabilitytodosoversuslovingtolivewiththem,

sincetheyhaveneverbeenexposedtothetruenatureofthisreligion.Theylack

deepfaithinthisbelief,andtheydonotrealizethenatureofthebattlebetween

usandtheenemiesofAllh,whoareofvariousbeliefs,someevenbeingfromthosewhoascribethemselvestoIslm.

ThesehirelingshaveconfusedtheMuslims,claimingthattheenmitybetween

theMuslimsandtheJews,Christians,andapostateregimesissimplyonebased

onmaterialandsocialissues,andthatitisuponustorespecttheirdistorted

1Translatorsnote:unlessotherwiseindicated,allfootnotesandcommentsarefromtheauthor,

andarefoundintheoriginalbook,exceptforthereferencingofversesandahdth,whichwere

alladdedbythetranslator.Anycommentsaddedbytranslatorwillbefollowedwitha(TN).


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religions,andtotoleratefreedomofthoughtfortheapostates,andthatbetween

usandthemarecommonpointsofagreement,andthatIslmfocusesonthese

commonpoints,andthatweshouldnotfocusonthepointsofdispute,andthattheMuslimsmuststandwiththeChristiansandapostatesagainstatheismand

oppression,sincetheyarePeopleoftheBook,andtheapostatesareoriginally

Muslim.Toproveallofthis,theywentanddugoutthetextsthatserveto

supporttheirposition,sayingthatAllhSaid:

{Butiftheyinclinetopeace,youalsoinclinetoit,andtrustinAllh.Verily,He

istheAllHearer,theAllKnower.}1

{Therefore,openlyproclaimthatwhichyouwerecommanded,andturnaway

fromthepolytheists.}2

{Today,thegoodfoodsandthefoodofthePeopleoftheBookarelawfulfor

you,andyourfoodislawfulforthem}3

Andtheyforgotor,causedthemselvestoforgetthatAllhtheExaltedhas

converselySaid:

{Andfightthemuntilthereisnomorefitnah.Butiftheycease,lettherebeno

transgressionexceptagainstthewrongdoers.}4

1alAnfl;61

2alHijr;94

3alMidah;5

4alBaqarah;193


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{Andkillthemwhereveryoufindthem,andexpelthemfromwheretheyhave

expelledyou}1

{Andfightthemuntilthereisnomorefitnah,andtheReligionwillallbefor

Allh.But,iftheycease,certainly,AllhisAllSeerofwhattheydo.}2

{So,whenyoumeetthedisbelievers(inbattle),smiteattheirnecksuntilyou

havekilledandwoundedmanyofthem.Then,bindabondfirmlyonthem(i.e.

takethemascaptives)}3

{OProphet!Strivehardagainstthedisbelieversandthehypocrites,andbe

severeagainstthem.AndtheirabodewillbeHell,andwhataterrible

destination.}4

{Oyouwhobelieve!Fightthoseofthedisbelieverswhoareclosetoyou,andlet

themfindharshnessinyou,andknowthatAllhiswiththerighteous.}5

andotherthanthisoftheversesandahdththatconfirmtheobligationof

opposingthesepeople,andfightingthemuntiltheyacceptIslm,andifoneis

unabletofightthem,theleastheshoulddoistoseparatehimselffromthemand

emigratefromtheirlandsthelandsofkufr.

1alBaqarah;191

2alAnfl;39

3Muhammad;4

4atTahrm;9

5atTawbah;123


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Verily,thesimplemindedoneisignorantandheedlessoftheserealities,suchas

thosewhosugarcoattheissuesoftheirreligioninourtimes,wheretheysaythat

weareabletoputourhandsinthehandsofthesepeople,standwiththemagainstatheismandmaterialism,anddescribeasallaspeopleofreligion,under

thesamesky,forgettingtheteachingsofourQurnandReligion,and

forgettingthelessonsofhistory.Thesearethesamepeoplewhoturnedthe

MushriknagainstthebelieversinMakkahandMadnah,andsincethesunofthis

Dawahhasriseninthatera,thisera,andeveryera,theyhavebeentheones

incitingtheCrusaderwarsagainsttheMuslimsinPalestine.Theyweretheones

whomadeourlandsopenfortheJewscooperatinginthiswithmaterialistic

disbelieversandtheyaretheoneswhoaredisplacingtheMuslimsinEthiopia,

Somalia,Algeria,Eritrea,Yugoslavia,China,Turkistan,India,Kashmir,the

Philippines,andineveryplace.Theyaretheoneswho,atthistime,havecome

downwiththeirfullmilitaryforceinChechnya,andtheyarenowconspiring

againsttheTalibanmovement,1andtheyhavenohelpersinthisotherthanthese

slaveregimes.Afterallofthis,wehavethosewhosaythatitispossibleforusto

livewiththemandaccepttheirdistortedreligions.

Thosewhomakethisclaim,theydonotreadtheQurn.Iftheyreadit,they

certainlydontunderstandit,andiftheyunderstandit,theycertainlymixed

someportionsofitupwithothers,becauseIslmisnotingrainedintheirdepths,

norintheiremotions.Forthem,itisnotabeliefbesideswhichAllhwillacceptnoother,norisitareligionthatmustovercomeallothers.

Thisbattlewiththedisbelieversisabattleofbeliefs.Itisnotabattlebroughton

byadisputeoversomesmallpieceofland,oralanguagedifference,ormilitary

buildups,oreconomics,ormoderntechnology,orculturalprogression,oranyof

theseotherbannersthatconstantlyriseandfall.Infact,itisnotevenduetotheir

enmitytowardsus!2Rather,itisabattlebasedonbeliefandreligion.Justasthey

fightusfromthisstandpoint,itisnotpossiblethatwecanevercometogether

withthem,solongasthereisheatinthesummer,theSunrisesoverland,and

animalsrunaroundinthewilderness.Rather,whatisobligatoryisthatwefight

themwithallthatwehavebeengivenofpower,andifweareunabletodothis,

wemustabandonthemandemigratefromtheirlands,andservetowakethe

1ThisbookwaswrittenpriortotheAmericaninvasionofAfghanistanthatresultedinthe

Talibantemporarilylosingauthoritythere.(TN)

2ShaykhMuhammadbinIbrhmlashShaykhwroteaconcisetreatiseexpoundinguponthe

reasonsforfightingandwagingJihdagainstthedisbelievers,titled:FightingThemBecauseof

TheirDisbelief,andthisisfoundinthe6thvolumeofhisRasil.


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Muslimsupfromtheirsleep.ThisisfromthemostcrucialofwhattheMuslim

candotoservehisreligion,andthesefewlinesarenothingbutanobjective

discussionofthisissue,andanattempttospreadawareness,ashijrahfromthelandsofkufrtothelandsofIslmisfromthefirststepsthatcanbetakenupon

thispaththepathofseparationbetweenthebelieversandthetyrantsofthe

Earth,thepathofcallingtoAllh,thepathoftheProphets,thetruthful,the

martyrs,andtherighteous,andwhatgreatcompanionsarethese!Itmightbe

thatthesefewlinesandthewordsthattheycontainwillserveasatorchtolight

thispathtochangingthegrimrealityinwhichwefindourselves,asweareina

situationthatnobodycanenvyusover.

Hijrahhastwopurposesbehindit:

a) Toescapefromfitnah,outoffearoftheevilofshirk,asthemoreoneisin

contactwithanenvironment,themorehebecomesdesensitizedtoit.In

fact,aMuslimmightevenadoptthetheoreticoutlookofthedisbelievers

(weaskAllhtoprotectusfromthisevil).

b) ToaidintheprocessoffightingagainsttheenemiesofAllh,bymoving

tojointheMuslims,aidingthem,workingtounitetheirranks,andbeing

freetocalltoandspreadtheReligion,whichAllhhascommandedusto

spreadtothepeople

Beforeclarifyingthisevenfurther,itisnecessarytofirstclarifywhatismeantby

thetermsDralHarbandDralIslm,aswellasthevarioustypesoflands.


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WhatisMeantBytheTermDr

Thistermhastwomeanings;onegeneral,theother,specific.

ThespecificdefinitioniswhattheFuqahdefinedasaplotoflandforwhich

therearebordersthatsurroundhomes,grazingareasforanimals,and

agriculture,nothavingaroof.So,itcontainsplantsforthesustenanceand

benefitofitsinhabitants,asisfoundinRaddalMihtral adDurralMukhtr.1

Thegeneraldefinitionofthetermdristhatitisaplacethatcombinesopen

spaceandbuildings.Thistermcanalsobeappliedtoanypieceofland.The

authorof

Mujam

alLughah

said:

A

drisaliving

space

that

combines

buildingswithwhatsurroundsthem,asAllhSaid:

{Theyenteredtheveryinnermostpartsofyourhomes(diyr),anditwasa

promisefulfilled.}2

{Didyou

not

see

those

who

went

forth

from

their

homes

(diy

rihim)}

3

So,fromhere,weareabletosaythatadrcouldbeacity,aregion,acountry,or

evenavillage.Whatisimportantisthatitcontainsagroupofpeoplewholivein

anypartofthisland,whoruleovereveryaspectofitsaffairs,whethertheyrule

bylawsthataredivine,ormanmade.Wecanalsosaythatadrisaregionof

land,containingsmallerpiecesoflandthatfallunderitsrule.

Inourcurrenttimes,andbasedonmoderncustom,wecansaythatadrisa

country,definedasacollectionofsmallerstates,withauthorityovercertain

piecesofland,withitsownbordersandplacesofresidence.So,therulerofthislandwhetherheisreferredtoasthekhalfah,amralmuminn,etc.isthehead

1ThisbookwaswrittenbyMuhammadAmnbinUmarbinAbdalAzzbinAhmadbinAbd

arRahmbinNajmadDn(died1252H),morecommonlyknownasIbnbidn,andthebookis

averyfamousmanualofHanaf FiqhmorecommonlyknownasHshiyatIbnbidn.(TN)

2alIsr;5

3alBaqarah;243


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authorityofthisland.Thisiswhatwasmeantbythetermdawlahwhenitwas

usedbytheFuqahwritingaboutIslmicpolitics,rulingsofleadership,etc.The

overallconclusionofthisisthatwecansaythatacountryisestablisheduponthreefoundations:theland,thecitizensofthatland,andforce(tokeepthose

citizensincheck).

Andacountryiscomposedofacollectionofsmallergovernmentsandstates,

suchthateachstateplaysitspartintheoverallfunctioningofthenation,with

eachstateworkingtogethertofulfillanoverallgoal,whichistolookafterthe

worldlyandreligiousinterestsoftheMuslims.

TheTypesofDiyr

DralIslm,andthisisdefinedaseverypieceoflandinwhichthe

rulingsofIslmareinauthority.ashShfi said:Itiseverylandinwhich

therulingsofIslmareapparent.

Othershavesaid:Theremustnotbeasingleaspectoftherulingsofkufr

presentinit,suchasdenialofaProphet,anybookfromtheBooksof

Allh,mockeryofanyaspectoftheReligion,oratheism.

Othershavesaid:AnylandinwhichthecallofIslmisapparentfromits

people,withoutanyimpediment,andinwhichtheruleoftheMuslimsis

implementeduponthedhimms(iftheyhappentolivethere),andthe

peopleofinnovationdonothavesuperiorityoverthepeopleofthe

Sunnah.

Othershavesaid:AnylandinwhichtheMuslimslive,evenifothers

residetheiralongwiththem,oranylandinwhichtheruleoftheMuslims

isuppermost.

So,theIslmiclandsarealltheregionsthatareundertheruleofthe

Muslims,withtheinhabitantsofthoselandsbeingthosewholivewithin

theirbordersofMuslims,aswellasdhimmswiththeleadership

applyingtheIslmiclaws.

DralKufr,andthisisanylandinwhichthelawsofthedisbelieversis

uppermost,andwithwhichthereisnowarwiththeMuslims,andits

rulingisthesameasthatofaDralHarbthathasatreatywiththe


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Muslims.So,everyDralHarbisclassifiedasDralKufr,butnotvice

versa.

DrMurakkabah(mixed),andthisisalandwhichcontainsboth

elements:itisnotalandofIslm,inwhichthelawsofIslmareapplied,

butitisalsonotaDralHarb,withitsinhabitantsbeingdisbelievers.

Rather,itisathirdcategory,inwhichtheMuslimistreatedashedeserves

tobetreated,andtheonewhorebelsagainsttheSharahofIslmisfought

ashedeservestobefought,asIbnTaymiyyahmentionedinalFatw al

Kubr(4/331)andMajmalFatw(28/142).

DralHarb,anditisanylandinwhichthereisastateofwarbetween

thebelieversandthedisbelievers.So,DralHarbistheDralKufrthatis

atwarwiththeMuslims.

DralAhd(covenant),anditiseverylandthathasmadepeacewiththe

Muslimsbynotfightingthem.

DralBagh (rebellion),anditisdefinedasthepartofDralIslmfrom

whichagroupoftheMuslimshavebrokenaway,outofadesiretorebel

againsttheMuslimrulerofthatland.

Andthereferencepointsforknowingthedetailsofthesedefineddiyrarethe

booksofFiqh,wherethesedefinitionsarewidespread.Itshouldbenotedthat

someoftheschoolsofFiqh(madhhib)considerthatthereareonlythreetypesof

diyr,somesayfour,andsoon.Therefore,whoeverdesiresfurtherdetailin

regardstothissubject,heshouldrefertoagroupofthewellknownbooksof

Fiqh,withoutlimitinghimselftojustoneofthem,duetotheexpansivenessofthe

topic.

So,whatismeantbyDralIslmisanylandinwhichtheruleoftheMuslimsis

beingimplemented,orisinhabitedbytheMuslims,eveniftheyshareitwith

others,orinwhichthelawsofIslmareuppermost,oralltheregionsthatare

undertheruleoftheMuslims,withtheinhabitantsofthoselandsbeingthose

wholivewithintheirbordersofMuslims,aswellasdhimmswiththe

leadershipapplyingtheIslmiclaws.


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Conversely,DralKufristhatlandinwhichtheruleofthedisbelieversis

uppermost,1anditsrulingisthesameasthatofaDralHarbthathasatreaty

withtheMuslims,aseveryDralHarbisDralKufr,butnotviceversa.

1ShaykhAbdalAzzcommented:Andfromthatwhichshouldbeknownisthatthereare

issuesthatconstitutekufrthatarenotknownexcepttothescholarsandstudentsofknowledge,

duetotheirbeingverypreciseandhidden.Therefore,suchissuesarenotconsideredtobethe

opendisbelief(kufrbawh)thatisunderstoodbythemajorityoftheMuslims.Forexample,ruling

byotherthanwhatAllahrevealedinsomeissues,withtheagreementthatitiskufraccordingto

thecategorizationofShaykhMuhammadbinIbrhm,thereistoomuchconfusionregardingthis

onthepartofthegeneralpopulationofMuslimstoobligateHijrahuponthemfromsuchaland,

andtodeclarethemsinnersfornotmigrating.ThisiswhyIslmcameandrestrictedsucha

situationtothatkufrforwhichthereisaprooffromAllh,suchthattheaverageMuslimwill

understanditbeforethescholars.Thisservesasaprotectionfortheonerebellingagainstthe

rulerfromhavingtoenterintoconflictwiththegeneralpopulation,inwhichtheywouldfighthimwhileheistheoneuponthetruth!However,thelackofopenkufrbeingcommittedhasled

toconfusiononthepartofthepeople.So,thisrebellionagainsttherulerandremovalofhim or

Hijrahinthecaseofthosewhocannotrebelagainsthim isnecessitatedinthecaseofthisopenly

committed,clearcutkufr.Andthepurposebehindthisconditioninthehadthisnottoprotectthe

apostateruler.Rather,itistoprotectthebelieverwhoseekstorebelagainsthim,seekingtheFace

ofAllh,andwhosereasonsforrebellingarevalid,andwhohasseenthatwhichisnodoubtkufr,

butisnotopen,clearcutkufr(bawh).Additionally,itistoprotecttherulerwhohasmadeafalse

interpretation(tawl)intheSharortheArabiclanguage.Likewise,itistopreventtheshedding

ofthebloodoftheMuslims.


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Hijrah:LinguisticandIslmicDefinitions

Asforitslinguisticmeaning,itiswritteninLisnalArab,ofIbnMandhr,aswellasTjalArs,ofazZubayd,thattherootwordhajaraistheoppositeof

connection,anditmeanstoseveretieswithsomething,andthewordhijrahis

inthehadth:Abandonment(hijrah)ofsomeonebeyondthreedaysisnot

allowed.1

AsforitsmeaningintheSharah,then,inshort:itistoleaveDralHarbforDr

alIslm,asIbnalArab (mayAllhhaveMercyuponhim)saidinAhkmal

Qurn.

InalMughn,IbnQudmahalMaqdis said:ItistoleaveDralKufrforDral

Islm.

SadbinAtq(mayAllhhaveMercyuponhim)said,inadDurarasSaniyyah:

Itistorelocateoneselffromtheplacesofpolytheismanddisobediencetothe

placesofIslmandobedience.

1Ahmad(8960)andMuslim(2562)


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TheRulingonHijrahfromDralKufrtoDralIslm

ThepeopleofknowledgemayAllhhaveMercyuponallofthem havedifferedoverthebasicrulingofHijrahisitongoing?Hasitbeenabrogated?

Therearetwoopinionsonthis,withnothird,andthisdifferenceofopinionis

theresultofthevariationsamongstthescholarsinunderstandingtheproofsand

theirmeanings.

Thefirstopinionisthatithasbeenabrogated,andthattheoriginalrulingofthe

obligationofHijrahhasbeencutoff.Mostofthosewhoholdthisviewareofthe

Hanafs.alJasssconfirmedthisinhisbookAhkmalQurn,wherehesaid,

regardingtheSayingofAllh:

{Sodonottakeawliyfromthem,tilltheymigrateintheWayofAllh}1

ThismeansandAllhKnowsbestuntiltheyacceptIslmandmigrate,since

HijrahoccursafteroneacceptsIslm,andiftheyacceptIslm,thereisnoalliance

betweenusandthem,exceptaftertheymakeHijrah,andthisislikeHisSaying:

{youowenodutyofprotectiontothemuntiltheymigrate}2

andthiswaswhenHijrahwasanobligation,andtheProphet(peacebeupon

him)said:IamfreeofeveryMuslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,and

IamfreeofeveryMuslimwholiveswithapolytheist.Itwasaskedofhim:

Why,OMessengerofAllh?Hereplied:Noneofthemshouldseeanylight

comingfrom(thehouseof)theother.3So,HijrahwasobligatoryuntilMakkah

wasconquered,afterwhichtheobligationofHijrahwasabrogated.Ithasbeen

narrated,ontheauthorityofIbnAbbs,thattheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)said,onthedayoftheconqueringofMakkah:Thereisnomore

Hijrah.Rather,thereisJihdandtheintentionforit.So,ifyouarecalledforth,

1anNis;89

2alAnfl;72

3Ab Dwd(2645),andalAlbn declareditsahh


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goforth.1Also,Ab SadalKhudr narratedthatamanaskedtheMessenger

ofAllh(peacebeuponhim)regardingHijrah,towhichtheProphetsaid:Woe

toyou!Verily,theaffairofHijrahisverydifficult.Doyouownanycamels?Themansaid:Yes.TheProphetasked:Doyoupaythecharitythatisdueon

theirbehalf?Themanreplied:Yes.TheProphetthensaid:Goondoing

gooddeedsfromacrosstheseas,forsurely,Allhwillnotleaveanyofyour

deedsunrewarded.2So,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)allowedthismanto

abandonmakingHijrah.Also,itwasnarratedthatamancametoAbdullhbin

Amrbinals,saying:Narratetomesomethingthatyouheardfromthe

MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),towhichAbdullhbinAmrsaid:I

heardtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)say:TheMuslimistheone

whoprotectstheMuslimsfromhistongueandhand,andthemuhjiristhe

onewhoabandonsthatwhichAllhhasforbidden.3(endofalJassass

words)

Likewise,Ibnbidn(theauthorofRaddalMihtral adDurralMukhtr)said:

AsforthesayingthattheonewhoacceptsIslmwithoutmakingHijrahtous

cannotinheritfromtheMuslimthatlivesinourland(DralIslm),andthatthe

MuslimwholivesinDralIslmcannotinheritfromtheonewhohasaccepted

IslmwithoutmakingHijrahtouswhetherornotheissecureinDralHarb

thisisrefutedbywhatsomeofourscholarshavesaid,thatthisappearstohavebeenintheearlydaysofIslm,backwhenHijrahwasanobligation.Doyounot

seethatAllhtheExaltedhasremovedanysortofprotectionbetweentheone

whomigratesandtheonewhodoesnotmigrate,whereHeSaid:

{Asforthosewhobelieved,butdidnotemigrate,youowenodutyofprotection

tothem,untiltheymigrate}4

so,whenanyprotectionwasnullifiedbetweenthem,sowasanyinheritance,astherulingofinheritanceistiedtothatofprotection.Asfortoday,theyshould

1alBukhr (3077)andMuslim(1864)


3alBukhr (10)

4alAnfl;72


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inheritfromeachother,astherulingofHijrahhasbeenabrogated,duetothe

sayingoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim):ThereisnoHijrahafterthe

conquering(ofMakkah).1

(endofIbnbidnswords)

Andmanysimilarstatementsweremadebesidesthoseofthesetwoscholars,

thatHijrahhasceased,sincetheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:Thereisno

Hijrahaftertheconquering(ofMakkah),andhesaid:Hijrahhasbeencut

off.ThereisonlyJihd,andtheintentionforit.Ithasalsobeennarratedthat

SafwnbinUmayyah,whenheacceptedIslm,itwassaidtohim:Thereisno

religionfortheonewhodoesnotemigrate.So,hecametoMadnah,andthe

Prophet(peacebeuponhim)said:Whathasbroughtyouhere,AbWahb?

Hereplied:Itwassaidtomethatthereisnoreligionfortheonewhodoesnot

migrate.So,theProphetsaidtohim:Return,OAbWahb,tothedepthsof

Makkah,andstaywhereyoureside,asHijrahhasbeencutoff.Thereisonly

Jihdandtheintentionforit.2

Thesecondopinion,whichistheopinionofthemajority aswellassomeofthe

Hanafswhocontradictedtheopinionoftheirownmadhhab suchasalHasan,

whosawthattherulingoftheverseappliestoeveryonewhosettlesinDral

Harb,andsawthatHijrahtoDralIslmisforeverobligatory,andthisopinionof

hiswasreportedbyalJasss,whodifferedwithhimoverthis.

Otherswhocarriedthesameopinionandthisisbynomeansanexhaustivelist

includealKhattb,atTayyib,anNawaw,alHfidhIbnHajaralAsqaln,

IbnQudmahalMaqdis,IbnalArab,IbnTaymiyyah,aswellashisstudent,

IbnalQayyim,ashShawkn,andthosewhocameafterthem.Alsonarrating

thisopinion,andconsideringittobethestrongest,havebeentheleadersofthe

Salaf Dawah,startingwiththereviverMuhammadbinAbdalWahhb,allthe

wayuptoMuhammadbinIbrhm.3

Regardingthis,IbnArab said,inAhkmalQurn:

1alBukhr (6/3)andMuslim(3/1487)

2ReportedintheSunanofSadbinMansr

3RefertothechapteronJihdinthesecondprintingofadDurarasSaniyyah.Thiswasalsothe

opinionoftheShaykh,theAllmahIbnBz,aswellasShaykhAbdarRazzqAff (mayAllh

haveMercyuponthemall).


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HijrahistoleaveDralHarbforDralIslm,anditwasobligatoryinthetimeof

theMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),andthisrulingcontinued

afterwardsfortheonewhofearsforhimself.WhathasbeencutoffistheoriginalgoalofspecificallymigratingtotheProphet(peacebeuponhim),whichiswhy

hesaid:thereisonlyJihdandtheintentionforit.

atTayyib andotherssaid:Themeaningisthattherequirementofevery

individualoftheHijrahthatconsistedofleavingoneshomelandtoMadnahhas

ceased,butthattherulingofleavingoneshomelandforJihdremains,justasit

remainsforanyotherrighteousintention,suchastoescapefromDralKufr,to

gooutinpursuitofknowledge,ortoescapefromfitan.

anNawaw said:Whatismeantisthattheattainablegoodthatwascutoffwith

thecuttingoffoftheHijrahcouldalsobeattainedbyJihd,aswellasarighteous

intention.

IbnQudmahsaid,inalMughn,respondingtothosewhoviewtherulingas

abrogated:

WehavewhathasbeennarratedbyMuwiyah,thathesaid:Iheardthe

MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)say:Hijrahwillnotbecutoffuntil

repentanceiscutoff,andrepentancewillneverbecutoffuntiltheSunrisesfromtheWest.1ItwasalsonarratedthattheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:

HijrahwillnotbecutoffaslongasthereisJihd.2Withthis,aswellasallof

therelevantversesandvariousnarrationsthatlendprooftothis,onecanseethat

theimplicationsofthisrulingspanalltimes.

Asfortheahadththattheybringasproof:

WhattheProphetmeantbyThereisnoHijrahaftertheconqueringisthat

thereisnoHijrahfromalandthathasbeenconqueredbytheMuslims.Asforhis

statementtoSafwn:Hijrahhasbeencutoff,thisisinreferencetoMakkah,

asHijrahistoleavethelandsofthedisbelievers.So,ifthislandisconquered,itis

nolongerconsideredtobealandofthedisbelievers,andHijrahisnolonger

obligatoryfromthatland.Likewise,anylandthathasbeenconqueredbyIslm

1alAlbn declareditsahhinSahhSunanAb Dwd(2166)

2alAlbn declareditsahhinSahhalJmi(1991)andasSilsilahasSahhah(1674)


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isnolongeralandfromwhichHijrahistobemade.Rather,Hijrahistobemade

toit.(endofIbnQudmahswords)

Thisisaverysummarizedanalysisoftheissue,andtheintelligentandinsightful

observerwillfindthattheopinionofthemajoritythattherulingisnot

abrogated,andthattherulingstillstands,isthestrongeropinion,asitismore

incumbentuponustoactaccordingtobothsetsofproofs,asopposedtosimply

oneofthem.Onecannotbeconvincedoftheopinionoftherulingbeing

abrogatedunlessheavoidsreconcilingbetweenthetextualproofs,and

reconciliationbetweentheproofsisverypossible thankstoAllhasthe

majorityofthescholarshaverespondedtothoseholdingtheopposingopinionof

abrogation.

WhatremainsforusistorealizethatthosewhoopinedthattherulingonHijrah

stillstands,andthatitremains,havedifferedastowhetheritisobligatory

(wjib),preferred(mustahabb),orencouraged(mandb),andifIhadwantedto

presentthestatementsofthepeopleofknowledgeinthisregard,thelengthof

thisresearchwouldbebeyondwhatisappropriate,andthereaderwould

becomelost.However,withalittleeffort,Iwillsummarizetheissuebysaying

that,inregardstotheissueofHijrah,wecannotruleittobeunrestrictedlywjib,

justaswecannotruleittobeunrestrictedlymandborpermissible(mubh).

Rather,onelooksatthedetailedconditionsandcircumstancesoftheMuhjir,theconditionsandcircumstancesofthelandfromwhichheismigrating,aswellas

thoseofthelandtowhichheismigrating.Inanycase,assumingthatheis

migratingfromalandofkufrtoalandofIslm,oralandofsintoalandofpiety,

thisresidentofDralKufrseekingtomigratetoDralIslmwillfindhimselfin

oneoffoursituations,whichIwilldescribeinthenextsection.


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TheFourPossibleSituationsoftheMuhjir,andTheirRelevant

Rulings

TheMuhjirwillfindthathefallsunderoneofthefollowingfourcategories:

HeisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andhehasthe

abilitytomakeHijrah

HeisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andheisunable

tomakeHijrah

Heisable

to

openly

practice

his

religion

in

DralKufr,

and

he

isunable

to

makeHijrah,ifheweretowishtodoso

HeisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr,andhehasthe

abilitytomakeHijrah,ifheweretowishtodoso

AsforthefirstsituationthatheisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDr

alKufr,andheisabletomigratefromtherethescholarsareunanimously

agreedthatHijrahinthissituationisobligatory(wjib),1andwhoeverdoesnot

migrateisunderthethreatofpunishment,andhebecomesonewhomthe

MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)categoricallydisassociatedhimselffrom.Infact,ifsuchapersonhappenedtobeawomanwhocouldnotfinda

mahram,andshefeltthatshecouldsafelymakeherwayoutofDralKufr,or

thatthedangerofremaininginDralKufroutweighedthedangerofher

travelingonherown,Hijrahbecomesobligatoryuponher,2duetoAllhs

Saying:

1ThiswillbeclarifiedlateroninthewordsofashShawkn.AndinalJmialMuhadhab,he

said:AsfortheobligationofHijrahfromDralKufr,thescholarsdifferedovertheobligation

andlackofobligationofdoingso.AsfortheobligationofHijrahfromDralHarb,theyare

unanimouslyagreedonthis.

2Thisisoneofthesituationsinwhichthescholarshaveallowedawomantotravelwithouta

mahram,providedthewayissafe.ThisisduetotheimportanceofHijrah,anditsstatusasthe

criterionbetweenthosewhohavetruefaithandthosewhodonot.


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{Verily,asforthosewhomtheAngelstakewhiletheyarewrongingthemselves,

they(Angels)willsay: Inwhatconditionwereyou? Theywillreply:Wewere

weakandoppressedonEarth. Theywillsay:WasnottheEarthofAllh

spaciousenoughforyoutoemigratetherein? Suchmenwillfindtheirabodein

Hell whatanevildestination!}1

Andthisversecontainsaseverethreatwhichcouldneverbemadeexceptinthe

caseofonewhoperformssomethingforbidden,orabandonsanobligation.Itis

alsoobligatoryduetothehadthofJarrbinAbdillh:IamfreeofeveryMuslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,2aswellas:Hijrahwillneverbe

cutoff,solongastheenemyisfought.3Asforthehadth:ThereisnoHijrah

aftertheconquering,thismeansthatthereisnoHijrahfromMakkahafterits

conquering,duetoitsstatusasaDralIslmuntiltheDayofResurrection,and

thisistheopinionofthemajorityofthepeopleofknowledgeinregardstothe

meaningofthishadth,exceptforafewamongstthem.

InSubulasSalm,asSann said:

Thishadth4isaproofoftheobligationofHijrahfromthelandsofthe

polytheists,besidesMakkah,andthisistheopinionofthemajority,duetothe

hadthofJarr,andduetowhatwasreportedinmarfform:Allhdoesnot

acceptfromapolytheistanyactionafterhisenteringintoIslm,untilhe

separateshimselffromthepolytheiststobewiththeMuslims,5andduetothe

generalimplicationsofAllhsSaying:

1anNis;97

2atTirmidh (4/155),andalAlbn declareditsahh

3Ahmad(1/192),andalHaytham saidthatitsmenaretrustworthy

4Heisreferringtothehadth:IamfreeofeveryMuslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,

andIbnHajarsaid,inBulghalMarm:ItwasnarratedbyAb Dwd,atTirmidh,andan

Nas,anditschainissahh.

5IbnMjah(2536)andatTirmidh (4/155),andalAlbn declaredithasaninasSilsilahas

Sahhah(369)andIrwalGhall(5/32)


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they(Angels)willsay: Inwhatconditionwereyou? Theywillreply:Wewere




AndtheminorityofscholarsareoftheopinionthatHijrahisnotmandatory,and

thattheahdthregardingthisareallabrogatedbythefollowinghadthofIbn

Abbs(mayAllhbePleasedwithhim):ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering(ofMakkah).Rather,thereisJihdandtheintentionforit.They

saidthatthisnarrationisgeneral,anditabrogatestheHijrahpreviously

mentioned,andthattheProphetdidnotorderthoseoftheArabswhohad

enteredintoIslmtomigratetohim,andhedidnotreprimandthemfor

remainingintheirlands,andbecausetheMessengerofAllh(peacebeupon

him),whenhesentoutaninvadingarmy,wouldsaytotheirleader:Whenyou

meetyourenemiesfromtheMushrikn,invitethemtothreecoursesofaction.

Iftheyrespondtoanyoneofthese,youalsoacceptit,andwithholdyourself

fromdoingthemanyharm.InvitethemtoIslm.Iftheyrespondtoyou,accept

itfromthemanddesistfromfightingagainstthem.Then,invitethemto

migratefromtheirlandstothelandoftheMuhjirn,andinformthemthatif

theydoso,theyshallhavealltheprivilegesandobligationsoftheMuhjirn.

Iftheyrefusetomigrate,tellthemthattheywillhavethestatusofthe

Bedouins(alArb),andwillbesubjectedtotheCommandsofAllh,likethe

believers2So,here,hedidnotobligatethemtoperformHijrah,andtheother

ahdtharetobeinterpretedtobeinregardstotheonewhodoesnotfeelsecure

inpracticinghisreligion,andtheysaidthatthisishowwereconcilebetweenthe

narrations.

ThosewhosawtheobligationofHijrahrepliedtothisbysayingthatthehadth

thatsaysthatthereisnoHijrahisreferringspecificallytoMakkah,asisproven

bytheProphetssaying:aftertheconqueringasHijrahwasobligatory

fromMakkahbeforeitwasconquered.

1anNis;97

2Muslim(1731)


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ashShfi said,inAhkmalQurn:

AndtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)obligatedtheonewhoisable

toperformHijrahtoleaveifhewasfromthosewhowasputtotrialinregardsto

theirreligion,andwasnotpreventedfromleaving.So,itwassaid,inregardstoa

manwhohaddied,andsatbehindratherthanmigrate:

{Verily,asforthosewhomtheAngelstakewhiletheyarewrongingthemselves,they(Angels)willsay: Inwhatconditionwereyou? Theywillreply:Wewere




AndAllhtheMightyandMajesticclarifiedtheexcuseoftheweak:

{Excepttheweakonesfromthemen,women,andchildrenwhocannotdevisea

plan,noraretheyabletodirecttheirway.Forthese,itmightbethatAllhwill

forgivethem,andAllhisEverPardoning,Forgiving.}2

Anditissaidthatthephraseitmightbe,whenitcomesfromAllh,impliesan

obligationHehasplaceduponHimself.AndtheSunnahoftheMessengerof

Allh(peacebeuponhim)hasproventhatHijrahisobligatoryfortheable

bodiedonewhofearsbeingputtotrialbecauseofhisreligion,tothelandin

whichhewillfeelsafe,astheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)allowed

somepeopletoremaininMakkahaftertheirenteringIslmincludingal

AbbsbinAbdalMuttalib,andothersiftheydidnotfearfitnahfor

themselves.Andheusedtocommandhisarmiestosaytothose(enemies)who

hadacceptedIslm:Ifyoumigrate,youwillhavewhatisfortheMuhjirn,and

1anNis;97

2anNis;9899


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ifyouremain,thenyouareliketheBedouins,andhewouldgivethemno

choicebesidesthese.(endofashShfiswords)

AndtheauthorofNaylalAwtrashShawkn said,underthetopicLiving

AmongsttheDisbelievers:

AndIbnalArab said:HijrahistoleaveDralHarbforDralIslm,anditwas

obligatoryduringthetimeoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim),andthis

obligationcontinuedafterhistimefortheonewhofearsforhimself.Andithas

beensaidinalBahr1thatthereisconsensusthatHijrahisobligatoryfromDral

Kufr,tothepointthattheonewhoabandonsdoingthishascommittedanactof

disobedience.AndJafarbinMubashirandsomeoftheHdawiyyah2saidthat

Hijrahisobligatoryfromthelandsofdisobedienceandsin,andtheyderivedthis

rulingbywayofqiys3withtherulingregardingDralKufr,anditisaqiys

betweentwodifferentissues.Thetruthisthatitisnotobligatorytomigratefrom

alandofsin,asitisstillconsideredtobeDralIslm,andtocompareDral

IslmtoDralKufrsimplybecauseofthepresenceofopendisobedienceinitis

notappropriatewhenitcomestoexplainingthisissue.Andinregardstothe

typesofdiyr,andthelegitimateexcusesfornotmigratingfromthem,the

Fuqahhaveconductedmanydetailedresearcheswhicharenotappropriateto

gointohere.(endofashShawknswords)

FromthesestatementsthataresupportedwithproofsfromtheSharah,it

becomescleartousthatHijrahinthisfirstsituationisanindividualobligation,

andthereisnottheleastbitofdoubtinthis.

Asforthesecondsituationthatheisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligionin

DralKufr,andheisunabletomakeHijrahthescholarshaveagreedinthis

situationthatHijrahisnotanobligation,andthereisnoknowndifferenceof

opinionregardingthispoint.AndthisisduetoHisSaying:

1HeisreferringtothebookalBahrazZikhralJmiliMadhhibUlamalAmsr,anditisa

bookofZaydFiqhbyAhmadalMurtad,anditisin6volumes.

2ThisisasectoftheShahthatascribesitselftoMuhammadbinalHd,anditwaswidespread

inYemenduringthetimeofasSann.HewouldutilizemanyoftheirFiqhopinionsduetotheir

beingsowidespread.

3 Qiys:analogicalreasoning(TN)


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Andthelackofabilityherecanbeduetosickness,coerciontoremaininDral

Kufr,orweaknesssuchasthatofwomen,theelderly,etc.oranyothertypeof

inabilitythatremovestheobligationofHijrahfromone.

IbnQudmahsaid,inalMughn:

Thesecondsituationisinregardstotheonewhoisnotobligedtomigrate,and

thisistheonewhohastheinabilitytodoso,whetherthisisduetosickness,

coercion,weaknessofwomenandtheelderly,andthatwhichissimilar.So,such

peoplearenotobligedtomigrate,duetotheSayingofAllh:




Becauseofthis,ashShfi said,inalUmmandAhkmalQurn:So,Allh

theMightyandMajestichasexcusedthosewhohavebeenputtotrialwhoare

unabletoperformHijrah,andSaid:

{WhoeverdisbelievedinAllhafterhisbelief excepthewhoisforcedtodoso,

1anNis;98

2anNis;98


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andhisheartisatrestwithfaith butthosewhoopentheircheststodisbelief,

uponthemisWrathfromAllh,andagreattormentwillbetheirs.}1

AndhesenttothemtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)totellthem

thatAllhtheMightyandMajestichadmadeawayoutforthem,andAllh

theMightyandMajestichadclarifiedtheexcuseoftheoppressed,whereHe

Said:


plan,noraretheyabletodirecttheirway.Forthese,itmightbethatAllhwillforgivethem,andAllhisEverPardoning,Forgiving.}2

Anditissaidthatthephraseitmightbe,whenitcomesfromAllh,impliesan

obligationHehasplaceduponHimself.AndtheSunnahoftheMessengerof

Allh(peacebeuponhim)hasproventhatHijrahisobligatoryfortheable

bodiedonewhofearsbeingputtotrialbecauseofhisreligion,tothelandin

whichhewillfeelsafe,astheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)allowed

somepeopletoremaininMakkahaftertheirenteringIslmincludingal

AbbsbinAbdalMuttalib,andothersiftheydidnotfearfitnahfor

themselves.Andheusedtocommandhisarmiestosaytothose(enemies)who

hadacceptedIslm:Ifyoumigrate,youwillhavewhatisfortheMuhjirn,and

ifyouremain,thenyouareliketheBedouins,andhewouldgivethemno

choicebesidesthese.(endofIbnQudmahswords)

AndIbnTaymiyyahsaid,inalFatw(volume18):

So,thisHijrahwaslegislatedwhenMakkahandotherthanitwereconsidered

tobeDralKufrandDralHarb,andfaithwasinMadnah.So,HijrahfromDr

alKufrtoDralIslmwasobligatoryfortheonewhowasabletoperformit.

AsforthethirdsituationthatheisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDr

alKufr,andisunabletoperformHijrahifheweretowishtodosothisdoesnot

differfromthesecondsituationexceptintheaspectofopenlypracticingthe

Religion.Here,hecanpracticehisreligion,andintheprevioussituation,he

1anNahl;106

2anNis;98


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27

cannot.So,ifwesaidinthesecondsituationthatHijrahisnotobligatoryupon

him,andthatitispermissibleforhimtoremainuntilAllhtheExalted

makesawayoutforhim,itismoreincumbentthatwemakethesamerulingforthissituation.However,itisnecessaryinbothcasesthatonetakeswhatever

opportunityhecan,andexertsallpossibleeffortsinescapingandmigrating

fromtheselands.

AsforthefourthsituationthatheisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDr

alKufr,andheisabletoperformHijrahifheweretowishtodosothisiswhere

onetieshishorse,sotospeak,asthescholarshavedifferedoverthis.So,someof

themdidnotseethatHijrahhadtobeperformed.Infact,aswewilllater

mention,someoftheShfisevenconsidereditforbiddenifheisableto

worshipAllhandcallpeopletoIslm!Ontheotherhand,thereareofthe

scholarsthosewhostillconsideredHijrahobligatoryinthiscase,andsaw

whoeverdidntperformitasasinner.

Andbeforedelvingintotheevidencesofthetwogroupsandclarifyingthe

strongestopinion,itisnecessarytoknowthatHijrahcantakeplaceinanumber

ofdifferentforms:fromDralKufrtoDralIslm,fromalandofinnovationtoa

landoftheSunnah,fromalandofsintoalandofrighteousness, andfromaland

mostlyruledbyIslmtoalandthatiscompletelyruledbyIslm,andtheruling

onHijrahdiffersinaccordancewiththedifferentformsofitmentionedabove.

AndthesituationthatIwishtospeakaboutincludingthedifferencesof

opinion,evidences,andstrongestopinionisnottheHijrahthatissimply

encouraged(mustahabb),thattakesplacefromalandofinnovationtoalandfree

ofinnovation,oralandofsinanddisobediencetoalandthatisfreeofthese

things.Rather,IwishtospeakabouttheHijrahfromDralKufrtoDralIslm.

Or,tobemoreprecise,fromalandwhoseinhabitantsaremostlyMuslims,and

whoserulerisanapostate,andallowmetosay:itsinhabitantsareMuslims,and

mostofthelawsthatareimplementedinitarethoseofIslm,andtheopen,clear

cutdisbelief(kufrbawh)isevidenttothestudentsofknowledge,butisunknown

tothepeopleduetothedeceptionofthescholarsandothers,aswellasgeneral

ignoranceofthereligionofAllh.

Forexample,considerthesituationofoneoftheArablandswhosepopulations

areallMusliminfact,themosquesareeverywhere,theyprayincongregation,

andthesoundoftheAdhnfillsonesearsatalltimesofthedayyet,therulers

ruletheirsubjectswithmanmadelawswhicharefalselyreferredtoasIslmic

laws orderivedfromIslmiclaws,astheyclaim andthecourtsystemsare


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alsobasedonmanmadelaws,andtheeducationalsystemissecularized,andthe

opencalltohatingthedisbelieversanddisassociatingfromthemandtheirways

isacrimethattheregimeprevents,andJihdisputoff,andwhoeverissuspectedofhavingeverengagedinJihdispunished,andthedisbelieversarealliedwith

againsttheMuslims.Andfromwhatthetonguecannotdescribe,andwhichonly

makethesituationbleaker,isthatasmallviscousgroupofthegovernment

scholarsregurgitatenightandday,saying:Theseareourlegitimaterulersto

whomobedienceandfollowingismandatory,andwhoeverdoesnotdosowill

dieadeathofjhiliyyah!Here,thebigquestioncomes:whatistherulingon

landsthatareasdescribedabove?AndwhatistherulingonHijrahfromthese

landsifthesituationisasdescribed,andiftheMuslimisunabletoopenly

practicehisreligioninthem?

ThereisnodoubtthattherulingontheselandsisthattheyarenotMuslim

lands.Rather,theyarelandsofkufr.TheycanalsobeconsideredDrMurakkabah

(alandwhoseconditionismixed),asIbnTaymiyyahdescribedthelandsof

Mrdn.IleantowardstheopinionofIbnTaymiyyah,sincetheemergenceof

suchlandsoccurredinhistime,andwereconsideredtobenewsituations

(nawzil)forwhichhemadeijtihdtobringaboutthecategorizationofsuch

lands.Inanycase,thedisputeislinguistic,asifwelookedtotherulingofHijrah

fromsuchlands,theoneswhoclassifythemasDrKufrandDrMurakkabah

bothagreethatHijrahfromsuchlandsisobligatoryfortheonewhocannotopenlypracticehisreligion,andnobodydifferedfromthisrulingexceptasmall

groupoftheHanafs,aswillbecomeevidentnow.

TheFirstOpinionRegardingtheFourthSituation:thosewhoruledthatHijrah

isnotobligatoryinsuchasituation,asAllhtheExaltedhasexcusedusfrom

this,anditismerelypreferred(mustahabb).Thisisthecommonopinionofthe

Hanafs.

Thefirstproofpresentedforthisposition:theHanafssaidthatHijrahfromDral

Harbisnotanobligation,duetothehadth:ThereisnoHijrahafterthe

conquering.Rather,thereisJihdandtheintentionforit.Andinanother

narration,itissaid:Hijrahhasbeencutoff.ThereisonlyJihdandthe

intentionforit.Asforthehadth:Then,invitethemtomigratefromtheir

landstothelandoftheMuhjirn,theysaythishasbeenabrogatedby:

ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering.Rather,thereisJihdandthe

intentionforit.So,theysaythatthisconstitutesageneralabrogationofthe

obligationofHijrah,astheProphet(peacebeuponhim)didnotorderthose

ArabswhohadacceptedIslmtomigratetohim,andhedidnotreprimand


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themforremainingintheirlands,andbecausehe(peacebeuponhim),whenhe

wouldsendoutaninvadingarmy,wouldsaytoitsleader:Whenyoumeet

yourenemiesfromtheMushrikn,invitethemtothreecoursesofaction.Iftheyrespondtoanyoneofthese,youalsoacceptit,andwithholdyourself

fromdoingthemanyharm.InvitethemtoIslm.Iftheyrespondtoyou,accept

itfromthemanddesistfromfightingagainstthem.Then,invitethemto

migratefromtheirlandstothelandoftheMuhjirn,andinformthemthatif

theydoso,theyshallhavealltheprivilegesandobligationsoftheMuhjirn.

Iftheyrefusetomigrate,tellthemthattheywillhavethestatusoftheBedouin

Muslims(alArb),andwillbesubjectedtotheCommandsofAllh,likethe

believersSo,here,hedidnotobligateHijrahuponthem.

Thesecondproof:whathasbeenrelatedtousbySadbinMansr,inhisSunan

andtheoriginalstoryisinthetwoSahhsthatSafwnbinUmayyah,whenhe

acceptedIslm,itwassaidtohim:Thereisnoreligionfortheonewhodoesnot

emigrate.So,hecametoMadnah,andtheProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:

Whathasbroughtyouhere,AbWahb?Hereplied:Itwassaidtomethat

thereisnoreligionfortheonewhodoesnotmigrate.So,theProphetsaidto

him:Return,OAbWahb,tothedepthsofMakkah,andstaywhereyou

reside,asHijrahhasbeencutoff.ThereisonlyJihdandtheintentionforit.

Thethirdproof:thehadthofAb SadalKhudr,thatamanaskedtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)regardingHijrah,towhichtheProphetsaid:Woe

toyou!Verily,theaffairofHijrahisverydifficult.Doyouownanycamels?

Themansaid:Yes.TheProphetasked:Doyoupaythecharitythatisdueon

theirbehalf?Themanreplied:Yes.TheProphetthensaid:Goondoing

gooddeedsfromacrosstheseas,forsurely,Allhwillnotleaveanyofyour

deedsunrewarded.ThepointhereisthattheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)

permittedtheabandonmentofHijrah.

Thefourthproof:thatAbdullhbinAmrsaid:IheardtheMessengerofAllh

(peacebeuponhim)say:TheMuslimistheonewhoprotectstheMuslims

fromhistongueandhand,andthemuhjiristheonewhoabandonsthat

whichAllhhasforbidden.So,here,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)defined

Hijrahastheabandonmentofdisobedienceandsins.

Thefifthproof:theysaythateveryhadthbesidesthehadthofIbnAbbs(There

isnoHijrahaftertheconquering),thatcarrythecommandforHijrah,istobe

interpretedtobeinregardstotheonewhoisnotsecureinpracticinghisreligion,

andthisishowtheyreconcilebetweenthetexts.


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AndsomeoftheShfissawthatfortheonewhocanpracticehisreligioninDr

alHarb,secludehimselfinaprivatelocation,andavoidthedisbelievers,Hijrahisforbidden,becausetheareainwhichhehassecludedhimselfhasnowbecome

DralIslmduetohisavoidanceofthedisbelievers.So,byleavingthislocation,

hereturnsittotheauthorityofthedisbelievers,andthisissomethingthatisnot

allowed,aseveryareawhoseinhabitantsareabletoavoidthedisbelievers

becomesDralIslm.1

Andfromwhatmightsupportthisviewiswhathasbeenreportedinthefatw

ofShihbadDnarRaml ashShfi,2wherehewasaskedabouttheMuslims

whowerelivinginanareaofAndalusiacalledArghn,undertheauthorityofa

Christianrulerwhowouldtakefromtheircropsonlywhattheywouldgivehim,

wouldnotoppressivelytakemorethanthis,andwouldnottransgressagainst

theirwealthorlives.Also,theyhadmosquestoprayin,couldfastinRamadn,

paycharity,freetheirprisonersthathadfallenintothehandsoftheChristians,

openlyestablishthelawsofIslm,asmandated,andopenlyapplythe

fundamentalsoftheSharah,asnecessaryandnoChristianwouldopposethem

forasinglereligiousactoftheirs.Likewise,theywouldsupplicateintheir

sermonsfortheleadersoftheMuslimswithoutmentioningspecificnames

andwouldaskAllhtogivethemvictory,andtodestroytheirdisbelieving

enemies.Withallofthis,theywereinfearthattheyweresinningbyremaininginthelandsofthedisbelievers.So,theywereinquiringastowhetherornot

Hijrahwasobligatoryuponthemwhiletheyareabletoopenlypracticetheir

religion,withtheassumptionthattherewerenoguaranteesthattheywouldnot

eventuallybeforcedtoleaveIslm,andthatthelawsofthelandwouldnotbe

forceduponthem.Also,amanfromtheaforementionedlandhadtraveledto

1ShaykhAb BasratTarts said:Suchareas,justastheyexistintheArablands,alsoexistin

theEuropeanandWesternlands,whereyouwouldfindneighborhoodsthatarecompletely

barrenoftheremembranceofAllhtheExaltedorofthepresenceofanyMuslims,letalone

anymosquesinwhichcongregationalprayersaremade.Atthesametime,youwouldfindotherneighborhoods,themajorityofwhoseinhabitantsareMuslims,andyouwouldnotfindasingle

nonMuslimthere.Youwouldfindmosques,Islmicschools,etc.,tothepointthatyouwould

thinkyouwereinalandofIslm,orthatyouwerenotinEurope.So,insuchacase,thereisno

doubtthatitispreferredfortheMuslimsresidingintheWesttoremainintheseneighborhoods

thatcontainmostlyMuslims,andwhichcontainmosquesforFridayandcongregationalprayers,

asthisispurerforthem.AndAllhKnowsbest.(TN)

2HeisMuhammadbinAhmadbinHamzaharRaml ashShfi.Hewasbornin919A.D.,and

hewasfromthemajorFuqahoftheShfis.HebecamethetopShfi scholarinEgypt,and

fromhismostfamousworksareNihyatalMukhtaril SharhalMinhj.(TN)


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fulfilltheobligationofHajjwithoutthepermissionofhisparents,outoffearthat

theywouldpreventhimfromgoing,anditwasaskedwhetherornothisHajj

wasvalid,inlightofthefactthatitwasdonewithoutthepermissionofhisparents,aswellaswhetherornotitwaspermissibleforhimtoreturntohis

parentswhowerelivinginthisland.

So,heanswered:

HijrahisnotobligatoryfortheseMuslimsfromtheirlands,andthisisdueto

theirabilitytoopenlypracticetheirreligion,andbecausetheMessengerofAllh

(peacebeuponhim)sentUthmntoMakkahonthedayofalHudaybiyahdue

tohisabilitytoopenlypracticehisreligioninit.Infact,itisnotallowedforthem

tomigratefromthisland,becauseitishopedthatotherswillacceptIslm

becauseoftheirpresencethere,andbecausethispieceoflandisnowconsidered

DralIslm.So,iftheymigratefromit,itwillreverttobeingDralHarb.And

fromwhatwasmentionedinthequestionofopenlypracticingthepureSharah,

andthelackofoppositionfromthedisbelieverstothembecauseofthisforallof

theselongyears,itcanbesafelybeassumedthattheyaresecurefrombeing

forcedtoleaveIslm,orhavingthelawsofdisbeliefforceduponthem,and

AllhKnowstheonewhomakesmischieffromtheonewhomakespeace.

AsforthemanwhowentoutfortheobligationofHajjwithoutthepermissionofhisparents,thereisnoprobleminthis,ashisparentsdonothavetherightto

preventhimfromtheobligatoryHajj,justasinthecaseofprayerandfasting.

Anditisallowedforhimtoreturntohisparentsintheaforementionedland

aftercompletinghisHajjrituals,andhisHajjisvalid,andhisobligationis

fulfilled.(endofarRamlswords)

AndthisopinionisalsosupportedbywhatisstatedinIbnQudmahsal

Mughn:

Andthethirdcaseinwhichitismustahabbnotobligatoryiswhenoneisable

tomigrate,whileheisalsoabletopracticehisreligioninDralKufr.So,itis

preferredforhimtomigrateinordertobeabletocarryoutJihdagainstthem,

increasethenumbersoftheMuslims,aidthem,andridhimselfofbeingonewho

increasesthenumbersofthedisbelievers,mixeswiththem,andwitnessestheir

evil.However,aswasstated,itisnotobligatoryuponhimtomigrate,duetohis

abilitytofulfilltheobligatoryaspectsofhisreligionwithoutmigrating.Andal

Abbs,theuncleoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)wasresidinginMakkahas

aMuslim.Andwehavenarrated,asisinalIsbahf TamyzasSahbah:Nam


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anNahhm,whenhedesiredtomigrate,wasapproachedbyhistribeofBan

Udayy.So,theysaidtohim:Staywithus,andremainuponyourreligion.We

willprotectyoufromanywhowishtohurtyou.Andhewouldlivewiththeorphansandwidows,notperformingHijrahforsometime.Afterwards,he

migrated,andtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)saidtohim:Your

peoplewerebettertoyouthanmypeopleweretome.Mypeopleexpelledme,

andwishedtokillme,whileyourpeopleprotectedyouandrepelledanyharm

fromyou.So,hesaid:OMessengerofAllh!Rather,yourpeopleexpelledyou

totheobedienceofAllh,andJihdagainstHisenemies,whilemypeoplekept

mebackfromHijrahandtheobedienceofAllh.

Andthereisanunderlyingreasonthatsupportsthisopinion,anditiswhatIbn

alArabwroteinAhkmalQurn:

AndIhadsaidtoourshaykh,theasceticImmAb BakralFahr:Leavethe

landofEgypttoyourland.So,hewouldreply:Idonotwishtoenteraland

thathasbeenoverwhelmedwithignoranceandlackoflogic.So,Iwouldsayto

him:Then,gotoMakkah,andresideinthecompanyofAllhandHis

Messenger(peacebeuponhim),asyouknowthattoleavetheselandsis

obligatory,duetowhattheycontainofinnovationandsin.Hereplied:Andin

it,manyhavebeenguidedtoTawhdbymyhands,andIamabletoturnpeople

awayfromevilbeliefs,andIamabletocalluponAllhtheMightyandMajestic

AndalMawrd said:Ifheisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninthelandsof

thedisbelievers,thislandhasbecomeDralIslmforhim.So,remaininginitis

betterthanleavingit,duetothehopethatotherswillenterintoIslmasaresult

ofthis.1

Andthesearethemostwellknownandclearestofsuchproofs.

TheSecondOpinionRegardingtheFourthSituation:thosewhoruledthat

Hijrahisobligatory,andthattheonewhofailstodosoisinastateofsin,since

Allhdidnotexcusehim.Thisistheopinionofthemajority,includingthe

Mliks,Shfis,andHambals.

1ashShawkn said,inNaylalAwtr:Andtheconflictthatthisbringsaboutwiththeahdth

thatforbidresidenceinDralKufrisnothidden.


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Andtheproofsforthispositionareessentiallyalloftheproofsthatwere

mentionedforthefirstconditionofthepotentialMuhjir,andthesedonotneed

toberepeatedhere.Rather,wewilljustmentionthemostimportantpoints,bywayofreminder.

ThefirstproofisHisSaying:


they(Angels)willsay: Inwhatconditionwereyou? Theywillreply:WewereweakandoppressedonEarth. Theywillsay:WasnottheEarthofAllh



Also,thereisthesayingoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim):Iamfreeofevery

Muslimwhosettlesamongstthepolytheists,andIamfreeofeveryMuslim

wholiveswithapolytheist.Itwasaskedofhim:Why,OMessengerof

Allh?Hereplied:Noneofthemshouldseeanylightcomingfrom(the

houseof)theother.2

Also,thereisthehadth:Hijrahwillneverbecutoff,solongastheenemyis

fought.3

AndtheyrepliedtotheahdththatseeminglyabrogatetheHijrah,suchas:

ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering,andHijrahhasbeencutoff,and

similarnarrationsthathavebeenpreviouslymentioned,sayingthatthemeaning

ofthemisthatthereisnomigrationfromMakkahafteritwasconquered,dueto

itsbecomingDralIslmtotheDayofJudgement,andhis(peacebeuponhim)

sayingtoSafwn:Verily,HijrahhasbeencutoffisinregardstotheHijrahfromMakkah,becauseHijrahistoleavetheDralKufr.So,ifsuchalandwereto

beconquered,itwouldnolongerbeconsideredDralKufr,andtherewouldno

1anNis;97

2Ab Dawd(2645),andalAlbn declareditsahh

3Ahmad(1/192),andalHaytham saidthatitsmenaretrustworthy


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longerbeaneedtomigratefromit.Likewise,anylandthatisconqueredisno

longeralandfromwhichHijrahismade.Rather,Hijrahismadetoit.

TheStrongestOpinion:

Verily,theonewhoreflectsoverthetwoopinionswillseethatthesecond

opinionisthecorrectandclearestofthetwo,anddoesnotrequireanytypeof

explanationtosupportit.Duetothis,Isaythatthestrongestopinionisthe

secondone,sincethestrongestproofthattheopposingopinionhasisthesaying

theMessenger(peacebeuponhim):ThereisnoHijrahaftertheconquering,

andthatthishadthabrogatestheobligationofHijrah,aswellashissayingto

Safwn:Verily,Hijrahhasbeencutoff1Andthisdoesnotmeanthatthe

rulingofHijrahhasbeenabrogated,asitmeans,asIbnalArab said:Itmeans

thatthereisnoHijrahfromMakkahafteritsconquering,duetoMakkahhaving

becomeDralIslmtotheDayofResurrection.2So,he(peacebeuponhim)

intendedthatthereisnoHijrahaftertheconqueringofalandbytheMuslims.

Andhis(peacebeuponhim)sayingtoSafwn:Verily,Hijrahhasbeencutoff

isinregardstotheHijrahfromMakkah,becauseHijrahistoleavetheDralKufr.

So,ifsuchalandweretobeconquered,itwouldnolongerbeconsideredDral

Kufr,andtherewouldnolongerbeaneedtomigratefromit.Likewise,anyland

thatisconqueredisnolongeralandfromwhichHijrahismade.Rather,Hijrahis

madetoit.

AsforthesayingoftheMessenger(peacebeuponhim):TheMuslimistheone

whoprotectstheMuslimsfromhistongueandhand,andthemuhjiristhe

onewhoabandonsthatwhichAllhhasforbidden,3wesaythathijrahisto

abandonsinsanddisobedience,astheyhavesaid.However,thisdoesnotmean

thatthereisnophysicalhijrah,asthereisnocontradictionbetweenthetwo.In

fact,fromtheresultsofphysicalhijrahisthatoneabandonssinsand

disobedience,andfromtheresultsofabandoningphysicalhijrahisthatone

remainsinthelandsofdisbelief,stayinginanenvironmentofsinand

disobedience,sidebysidewiththem,evenifhedoesnotperformsuchsins

himself.So,whatshouldbesaidisthattherearetwotypesofhijrah:spiritual

1Aspreviouslymentioned,thehadthofSafwnisfoundintheSunanofSadbinMansr.

2ThequestionofMakkahbeingDralIslmuntiltheDayofRessurectionisaddressedlaterin

thebook.(TN)

3alBukhr (10)


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hijrahandphysicalhijrah,witheachtypebeingarequirement.Thesecondtype

encompassesthefirsttype,andthereisnodoubtinthis.Thereisaprinciplethat

saysWeactaccordingtobothindications,ratherthanignoreoneofthem,andthisway,therecanneverbeabrogationbetweenthetwo,exceptifthereisa

proofthatwouldpreventusfromreconcilingbetweenthetwoproofs,as

abrogationisessentiallythecompletereversalofaruling,regardlessofthe

proofsforthatruling.Thisiswheretheproblemiswiththisreasoninginlooking

atthehadth,asaSharrulingisbeingdeniedwithoutanyproof.

ThisopinionthatIhaveleanedtowardsisthechosenopinionofalltheleadersof

theSalaf Dawah,andtheonewholooksthroughadDurarasSaniyyah,the

recordedstatementsofthescholarsofNajd,aswellasthewritingsofShaykh

MuhammadbinAbdalWahhb,willknowthiswithcertainty,tothepointthat

ShaykhAbdarRahmnbinHasansaid:IbnHajarmentionedthat,justasHijrah

isobligatoryfromthelandsofdisbelief,itisalsoobligatoryfromthelandsof

IslminwhichaMuslimisunabletoopenlyfulfillanobligation.

ShaykhAbdarRahmnbinHasanadded:Likewise,itisobligatoryupon

everyoneinalandofsininwhichhecannotworktochangethesesinstomake

HijrahtowherehecancomfortablyworshipAllh,duetotheSayingofAllh:

{So,donotremainafterthereminderwiththewrongdoingpeople}12

Andwiththis,strengthisgiventothesecondopinion.Allthatisleftisforthe

Muslimtoknowexactlywhatismeantbyopenlypracticinghisreligion.So,I

havewrittenaconciseindividualchapteronthis.

1alAnm;68

2adDurarasSaniyyah(8/291)


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TheRealityofPracticingOnesReligion

Manypeoplebelievethatwhatismeantbyopenlypracticingonesreligionissimplythatoneprays,fasts,andreadstheQurninDralKufrandDralHarb,

withnobodyopposingyouorharmingyou.So,ifyoudothis,youhavefullyand

openlypracticedyourreligionamongstthem.Thisisamistakenunderstanding,

andaprofoundmiscalculationthatmustbeclearedup,sinceAllhMajesticis

HisremembranceSaid:

{Indeed,therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewith

him,whentheysaidtotheirpeople:Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhatever

youworshipbesidesAllh,wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasemergedbetween

usandyouhostilityandhatredforever,untilyoubelieveinAllh,Alone,

exceptthesayingofIbrhmtohisfather:Verily,Iwillaskforforgiveness

(fromAllh)foryou,butIhavenopowertodoanythingforyoubeforeAllh.OurLord!InYouweputourtrust,andtoYouweturninrepentance,andtoYou

isourfinalreturn.}1

Therefore,theopenpracticeofonesreligionisfulfilledbyannouncingones

disbeliefintheseorganizations,andclarifyingthishostilitytothem,andto

informthesedisbelieversandapostatesthatwehavedisbelievedinthem,and

thatourenmityisforthem,andthatifweweretogaintheupperhand,we

wouldnotleavethemonthefaceoftheEarth,asUmarsaid,whenhewasasked

bytheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim):Whatdoyouthink,OIbnal

Khattb(regardingtheprisonersofBadr)?So,hereplied:Isaid:ByAllh,IdonotagreewithAb Bakr.Rather,Ithinkthatyoushouldgivemearelativeof

mine,sothatImaystrikehisneck,andgiveAqltoAl,sothathemaystrike

hisneck,andgiveHamzahhisbrother,sothathemaystrikehisneck sothat

Allhwouldknowthatthereisnospaceinanydepthofourheartsforthe

disbelievers.Thosearetheirnoblesandleadersandcommanders.So,the

MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)inclinedtowardswhatAb Bakrhad

1alMumtahinah;4


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said,butnottowardswhatIhadsaid.So,he(peacebeuponhim)tookthe

ransomfromthem.Thenextday,IwenttotheProphet(peacebeuponhim)and

Ab Bakr,andfoundthembothcrying,soIsaid:OMessengerofAllh,tellme,whathasmadeyouandyourcompanionweep?Ifthereisareasontoweep,I

willweepwithyou,andifthereisnoreason,Iwillpretendtoweepalongwith

you,becauseyouareweeping.So,theProphet(peacebeuponhim)said:Iam

weepingbecauseofwhatyourcompanionsarebeingputthroughduetotheir

takingtheransom.Iwasshownthepunishmenttowhichtheyweresubjected.

Itwasbroughtasclosetomeasthistree.Then,Allhrevealed:{Itisnotfora

Prophetthatheshouldhaveprisonersofwar(andfreethemwithransom)until

hehadmadeagreatslaughter(amonghisenemies)inthelanduntiltheverse

soeatofthepermissibleandgoodthingsthatyouhaveobtainedaswar

booty}1So,hemadethewarbootypermissibleforthem.So,whenitwasthe

dayoftheBattleofUhudthefollowingyear,theywerepunishedbecauseofthe

ransomthattheyhadacceptedonthedayofBadr.So,seventyofthemwere

killed,andtheCompanionsoftheProphet(peacebeuponhim)fledfromhim,

andhistoothwasbroken,andbloodsmearedhisface,andAllhrevealed:

{Whatisthematterwithyou?Whenasingledisastersmitesyou,althoughyou

smote(yourenemies)withonetwiceasgreat,yousay: Fromwheredoesthis

cometous? Say: Itisfromyourselves(becauseofyourevildeeds).AndAllh

haspoweroverallthings.}2

becauseoftheirtakingoftheransom.3

Andfromthemostbeautifulexplanationofthemeaningmentionedbeforeis

whatatTabar haswritteninhisTafsr,wherehesaid:Inthisverse:

1alAnfl;6769

2lImrn;165

3Muslim(1763)andAb Dwd(2690)


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{Indeed,therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewith

him,whentheysaidtotheirpeople: Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhatever

youworshipbesidesAllh,wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasemergedbetween

usandyou,hostilityandhatredforever,untilyoubelieveinAllhAlone,

exceptthesayingofIbrhmtohisfather: Verily,Iwillaskforforgiveness

(fromAllh)foryou,butIhavenopowertodoanythingforyoubeforeAllh.OurLord!InYouweputourtrust,andtoYouweturninrepentance,andtoYou

isourfinalReturn.}1

theExaltedsaystothebelieversinHim,fromtheCompanionsofthe

MessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),thattherewasforyouObelieversa

greatexample,agreatmodel,inIbrhmtheKhall(intimatefriend)oftheMost

Merciful,foryoutofollowandimitate,aswellasthosewhoarewithhimfrom

theProphetsofAllh.

IbnZaydsaid,regardingthesayingofAllhMightyandMajestic{Indeed,

therehasbeenanexcellentexampleforyouinIbrahmandthosewithhim...}

thatthosewhowerewithhimaretheProphets,andHissaying{whenthey

saidtotheirpeople:Verily,wearefreefromyouandwhateveryouworship

besidesAllh...}isregardingwhentheysaidtotheirpeoplewhohad

disbelievedinAllh,andworshippedthetght:Opeople!Wearefreefromyou

andfromthosewhomyouworshipbesidesAllhofdeitiesandgods!And

regardingHissaying{wehaverejectedyou,andtherehasemergedbetween

usandyou,hostilityandhatredforever,untilyoubelieveinAllhAlone},

HeMajesticisHeSays,informingofthesayingofHisProphetstotheirdisbelievingpeoplesthatWehavedisbelievedinyou,andwerejectwhatyou

areuponofdisbeliefinAllhandwehaverejectedyourworshipandwhatyou

worshipbesidesAllh,andtherehasemergedbetweenusandyouenmityand

hatredforeverbecauseofyourdisbeliefinAllhandyourworshipofothers

besidesHim,andtherewillbenopeaceorkindnessbetweenusuntilyoubelieve

inAllhAlone,anduntilyouacceptAllh,alone,andsingleHimoutfor

1alMumtahinah;4


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worship.AndHissaying:{exceptthesayingofIbrhmtohisfather:Verily,

Iwillaskforforgiveness(fromAllh)foryou,butIhavenopowertodo

anythingforyoubeforeAllh}meansthattherewasagreatexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewhoarewithhimintheseaffairsthatWehavementioned

ofdisplayingtothedisbelieverstheirhostilitytowardsthem,andforsakingany

alliancewiththemexceptinthecaseofthesayingofIbrhmtohisfatherthat

Iwillseekforgivenessforyou,forthereisnoexampleforyouinthis.

AndIbnKathr(mayAllhhaveMercyuponhim)said:AllhsaystoHis

believingslaveswhomHehasorderedtobeharshagainstthedisbelieversand

tohaveenmitytowardsthem,andtoavoidthem,andtodisassociatethemselves

fromthemthattherewasagreatexampleforyouinIbrhmandthosewith

himhisfollowerswhobelievedwithhimwhentheysaidtotheirpeople:

{Wearefreefromyou}meaning:wehavedisassociatedourselvesfrom

youandwhatyouworshipbesidesAllh;{andwehavedisbelievedin

you}meaning:inyourreligionandyourways;{andtherehasemerged

betweenusandyouenmityandhatredforever}meaning:enmityandhatred

hasbeenlegislatedfromnowbetweenus,andaslongasyouremainuponyour

disbelief,thenwewilldisassociateourselvesfromyouandhateyouuntilyou

believeinAllh,alonesingleHimouttoworshipHim,withoutanypartners,

andtoabandonwhatyouworshipalongwithHimofidolsandgods.

AndinadDurarasSaniyyah,thetwosonsofShaykhMuhammadbinAbdal

Wahhbsaid:andopenlypracticingonesreligionistodeclarethem(the

disbelievers)tobedisbelievers,andtopointoutthefaultsoftheirreligion,andto

criticizethem,andtodisassociatefromthem,andtoprotectoneselffrom

becomingclosetothemandleaningtowardsthem,andtoavoidthem.Simply

performingtheprayersisnotconsideredpracticingofonesreligion,andthe

sayingofonethatWeavoidthemwhenweareinprayer,andwedonoteat

theirslaughteredmeatsisgood,but,itisnotenoughonitsowntofulfillthe

openpracticeofthereligion.Rather,whathasbeenmentionedaboveisamust.

AndShaykhHamadbinAtq(mayAllhhaveMercyonhim)said:Andwhatis

intended(byopenpracticeofonesreligion)isthecleardemonstrationof

continuoushostilityandhatredtowardstheonewhodoesnotsingleoutHis

Lordforworship.So,whoeverfulfillsthiswithknowledgeandaction,and

clearlydemonstratesthisuntilthepeopleofhislandareawareofthisfromhim,

thenHijrahisnotanobligationuponhimfromwhateverlandheisin.Asforthe

onewhoisnotlikethis rather,heassumesthatifheislefttoprayandfastand

performpilgrimage,heisnolongerobligatedtomigratethisisignoranceofthe


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religion,andheedlessnessoftheessenceofthemessageoftheMessengers.For

lands,iftheruleinthemisforthepeopleoffalsehood,theworshippersof

graves,theconsumersofalcohol,andthegamblers,suchpopulationsarenotsatisfiedexceptwiththeritualsofshirkandthejudgmentofthetawght,andfor

everyplacewherethisisthecase,thereisnodoubtfortheonewhohasthe

slightestfamiliarityoftheBookandSunnahthatitspeopleareuponotherthan

whattheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)wasupon.1

Andthereremainsanissuethathasnotbeenclarifiedtomeupuntilnow,andit

is:isitenoughintheissueofdisplayingenmityforthedisbelieverforhimto

simplyknowthisfromyou,becauseofthesayingofAllhtheExalted:

{TheysaidWeheardayoungmantalkingagainstthem,(heisone)whois

calledIbrhm.}2

evenifyoudonotspeakintheirpresence,orthepresenceofthosewhowill

relaythemessagetothem?Or,isitamusttoannouncethisinaloudvoicethatis

heardeverywhere,sincetheonewhoreflectsuponthetextsoftheSunnahwill

findboth?But,thereisagreementthatfortheonewhosedisassociationfromthe

disbelieversor

apostates

and

their

religion

isnot

known

by

his

enemies,

nor

by

thebelievers,thatitbecomesabsolutelyobligatoryuponhimtoopenlydisplay

thisinanywaythatwouldgetthemessageacross,intheclearestandmostwell

understoodmanner;otherwise,Hijrahbecomesobligatoryuponhimin

accordancewithhiscapability,andhesinsbynotdoingso.


2alAmbiy;60


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PrinciplesUponthePathofHijrah

First:itisupontheMuhjirtoawaithisrewardfromAllh,andtomakehisintentionpurelytoseekAllhsPleasure,andthathemigratestogivevictoryto

hisreligion,aswellastoescapefromfitnah.Hemustnotmigratebecausehe

expectstofindprovisionandcomfortinagivenland,asthepurposeofHijrahis

notseekingprovision.IbnKathrmentioned,inhisexplanationoftheSayingof

Allh:

{HewhomigratesinthePathofAllhwillfindonEarthmanydwellingplaces,

andplentytoliveby.}1

thatQatdahsaid:Meaning,hegoesfrommisguidancetoguidance,andfrom

povertytowealth.Therefore,theverseservestoalleviatethevariousexpected

fearsoftheonemigratingwhileitturnstowardsthepotentialdangersofHijrah,

sothathewouldnotbefooledintothinkingthathewillfulfillhissweethopes

withoutfirstexperiencingsomehardshipsinthepathoftheDawah.Duetothis,

theversewascappedwith:

{andwhosoeverleaveshishomeasamigranttoAllhandHisMessenger,

anddeathovertakeshim,hisrewardisthensurelyincumbentuponAllh,and

AllhisOftForgiving,MostMerciful.}2

Therefore,deathisalsoexpected.ShaykhAbdarRahmnbinHasansaid,inad

DurarasSaniyyah:eventhoughitisthecasethatmostofthosewhoembark

onHijrahendupinapositionofsafety,honor,establishment,andvictory,justashappenedwiththeMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)andhisfollowers

pastandpresent.Andwithit,Jihdisnodoubtestablished,andtheWordof

Allhisraiseduppermost,andobediencetoAllhisfacilitatedupontheEarth.

1anNis;100

2anNis;100


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AndthebenefitsofHijrahinthisworldaremorethancanbecounted,asAllh

theExaltedSaid:

{AndforthosewhomigratedfortheSakeofAllhaftersufferingoppression,

Wewillcertainlygivethemgoodresidenceinthisworld.But,indeedthereward

oftheHereafterwillbegreater,iftheyonlyknew!}1

Therefore,itisamusttopointthisoutsothatthereisnotarepeatofwhat

happenedwithmanyoftheMuslimsinAlgeriaandMorocco,whentheywerecalledtomakeHijrahbytheirbrothersmakingJihd,andtheywerepromised

provisionandcomfortableliving.Whentheydidnotfindanyofwhattheywere

promisedrather,theyfoundthemselvesinworseconditionsthatthosethey

hadmigratedfromtheirtonguesspokewordsthatonefearsforthemover;

wordsthatgaveyouafeelingoftheirbadassumptionsaboutAllhExaltedis

Allh,highabovedeficienciesandbadassumptions.

Second:onemustbeabsolutelysureabouttheconditionofalandbeingDral

KufrorDralHarb.Here,wecannotobligateHijrahupontheMuslimsfroma

landwhichisconsideredtobeDrMurakkabah,2exceptifheisunabletoopenly

practicehisreligioninit,asIbnTaymiyyahwasaskedthefollowingquestions

aboutthelandofMrdn3:

a)IsitDralHarb,oralandofpeace?b)IsitobligatoryupontheMuslimwho

livesinittomigratetothelandsofIslm,ornot?c)Ifitisobligatoryuponhimto

migrate,andhedoesnotdoso,andadditionallyaidstheenemiesoftheMuslims

withhisselfandwealthisheasinnerinthis?d)Arethosewhoaccusehimof

nifqandinsulthimsinners,ornot?

IbnTaymiyyahanswered:

1anNahl;41

2DrMurakkabah:alandwhoseconditionismixed.Refertotheearlierchapteronthevarious

typesofdiyr.(TN)

3AcitylocatedintheSoutheastAnatolianregionofmoderndayTurkey(TN)


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43

PraisebetoAllh,thebloodandwealthoftheMuslimsissacredwhereverthey

are,whetherthatisinMrdn,orotherwise.Assistingthosewhohaverebelled

againsttheSharahofIslmisforbidden,whetherthatisinMrdn,orotherwise.Theonewholivesthere,ifheisunabletoopenlypracticehisreligion,

Hijrahisobligatoryuponhim.Otherwise(ifheisabletoopenlypracticehis

religion),itissimplymustahabb,anditisnotobligatoryuponhim.Assistingthe

enemiesoftheMuslimswithoneswealthorselfisforbiddenforthem,anditis

obligatoryuponthemtorefrainfromdoingso,byanymeansnecessary.Ifthey

areunabletodothisexceptbywayofHijrah,itbecomesobligatoryuponeachof

them.Itisnotallowedtoinsultthemasagroupandaccusethemofnifq,asthe

insultingandaccusingofnifqarereservedforthespecificpeopledescribedin

theQurnandSunnah,andthiscanincludesomeofthepeopleofMrdn,as

wellasotherthanthepeopleofMrdn.

AsforitsstatusaseitherDralHarboralandofpeace:itisDrMurakkabah,asit

containselementsofboth.Itisnotalandthathassubmitted,suchthatthelaws

ofIslmareimplementeduponit.Likewise,itisnotDralHarb,whose

inhabitantsaredisbelievers.Rather,itisathirdcategory,inwhichtheMuslimis

treatedashedeservestobetreated,andtheonewhorebelsagainsttheSharah

ofIslmisfoughtandtreatedashedeservestobetreated.

Inlightofthisaforementionedsituation,onecanconcludethatitismustahabbnotobligatorytomakeHijrahfromagivenplaceifonecanopenlypracticehis

religioninthatplace,sothatwedonotgoandaccuseothersofsinwithoutclear,

authenticproof.Ifheisunabletopracticehisreligion,Hijrahisanobligation

uponhim,withoutadoubt.

Third:whatisobligatoryforthescholarmightnotbeobligatoryforthelayman,

andwhatisobligatoryfortheoneuponwhoseshoulderstheinterestsofthe

Dawahrestmightnotbeobligatoryforotherthanhim,andwhatisnecessaryfor

anobligationtobefulfilledisitselfanobligation.Therefore,theobligationof

Hijrahupongroups(jamt)isnotlikeitsobligationuponindividuals,andits

obligationuponthoseindividualswhoseHijrahwillleadtoabenefitforIslmis

notlikeitsobligationuponthoseindividualswhoseHijrahwillsimplyleadto

tirednessandexhaustion,aswellastheburdeningofotherswiththem.One

shouldrefertotheSharproofs,notfaithinspiredemotions,astheissueisoneof

DnandShar.

Fourth:oneshouldnotignorethecategorizationthatwasmentionedbyIbn

QudmahinalMughn,wherehesaid:


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TheoneforwhomHijrahismustahabbnotobligatoryisonewhoisableto

makeHijrah,yet,heisabletoopenlypracticehisreligioninDralKufr.So,itispreferredforhimtomakeHijrah,duetowhatthatwouldentailofhisbeingable

towageJihdagainstthem,swellandassisttheMuslimpopulations,andreduce

thepopulationsofthedisbelievers,refrainfrommixingwiththem,and

observingtheirevilwhilebeingamongstthem.However,itwouldstillnotbe

obligatoryforhim,andthisisduetohisabilitytofulfilltheobligationsofhis

religionwithoutneedingtomakeHijrah,asalAbbstheuncleoftheProphet

(peacebeuponhim)waslivinginMakkah,eventhoughhewasaMuslim!

(endofIbnQudmahswords)

So,oneshouldkeepthisinmindinordertonotbeharshagainstthosewhodo

notseeHijrahasbeingobligatoryinsuchacase,andseeitasbeingsimply

mustahabb.

Fifth:thebelievingMuhjirshouldmovefromwhereheistothatwhichisbetter

thanwhereheis.Heshouldgotoaplacethatisfreefromthesinsthatplagued

theareathatheismigratingfrom.Otherwise,ifhecannotfindsuchaplace,heis

notobligedtomakeHijrah.So,heshouldmigratefromDralKufrtoDral

Islm,orfromalandofoppressionandsintoalandofjusticeandgoodness.As

forthemigrationfromoneeviltoanother,orfromalandofsintoalandofequalsin,thiscontainsnothingbutexhaustionfortheself,lackofbenefit,andawaste

ofmoney.Ifheisunabletofindalandthatispure,andfindsthatsinis

widespreadinalllands,1hemustmigratefromtheplaceinwhichsinsare

practicedopenlytoalandthatislighterinsinthanhisown,orfromalandin

whichthereiseviltoalandinwhichtheobligatoryactsareabandoned.For

example,ifheisinalandinwhichfornicationandadulteryarewidespread,in

additiontotherebeinginjusticeandoppression,andanotherlandcontainsthe

oppressionwithoutthefornication,hemustmovetothisland,asitcontainsonly

oneofthetwoevils,asopposedtobothofthem.

AndIask:isitcorrectforustonowobligateHijrahuponthebelieverfromaland

which althoughitsconditionisunclear theshirkinitismorehiddenthanitis

inthelandtowhichhedesirestomigrate?Andtheconditionofthislandto

1Thisisthecasetoday,andbringsustoanimportantpoint:thelackofaviableDralIslmtoday

doesnotmeanthattheobligationofHijrahisputoff.Rather,astheShaykhexplained,oneis

obligedtomigrateuptheladder,sotospeak.Thatis,oneshouldalwayslooktoliveinaplacein

whichhispracticeofIslmwillbebetterthanitisinhiscurrentlocation,evenifhisfinal

destinationisnotideal(i.e.,DralIslm).(TN)


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whichhedesirestomigrateisnotasclearasitshouldbe,exceptthatyoumight

seeandhearthesincerityofitsleadersinimplementingIslm,withthetrue

visionofIslmnothavingyetbecomeevident,especiallyinregardstotheissueoftheshirkofgraves,whichweareconstantlyinastateofanxietyover.Andmy

referencetotheshirkofgravesisnottobetakenasdisregardfortheshirkof

legislationwithAllhtheExaltedortheshirkoftheexaltationandworshipof

thedisbelievingnations,ortheshirkofputtingoffJihdinresponsetothedesires

ofthemightydisbelievingnationsallofwhicharemanifestinmanyofthe

nationsthatclaimIslm.AndIhopethatthisreferencetotheshirkofgravesis

nottakenasajabatthosewhoaretruthfulinimplementingandactingbythe

SharahofAllh.Rather,thiswasmerelytopointoutthepicturethatmustbe

clearinthemindoftheMuhjirbeforehisHijrah,sothathewouldnotendup

beinghinderedandturnedbackbyanypotentialconfusion.

Sixth:itisnotpermissiblefortheonewhohasmigratedtoturnbackfromhis

HijrahwithoutalegitimateSharexcuse.Otherwise,hehascommittedoneofthe

majorsins.AndShaykhAbdillhbinAbdalLatfsaid,inhisadvicetothe

peopleofalArtwiyyah:AndtheMessenger(peacebeuponhim)was

informedofamanwhohadmigrated,thenreturnedfromhisHijrahtolivewith

theBedouins.So,hesaidtohim:Thisisminorapostasy.Whoeverdoesthisis

cursed,andtheonewhostayswiththeBedouinsandperfectshisIslmis

betterthantheonewhomigrated,thenturnedbackfromhisHijrah.1AndithasreachedmethatfromthepeopleofalArtwiyyaharethosewhomigrated

andestablishedthemselves,andnowdesiretoturnbackfromtheirHijrah,

movingwiththeBedouins.Andthisisagreatdisaster,andtheonewhodoesso

isnotsafefromfallingintoapostasy,2andfrombeingofthosewhoturnedback

ontheirheelsaftertheguidancewasmadecleartothem.So,bewarnedofthis,

1Iwasunabletocomeacrossthehadthwiththiswording,anditdoesnotexist.Itmightbethat

theShaykhwasnarratingthegeneralmeaningofthehadththatwasreportedbyatTabarn,by

wayofJbirbinSamurah:AllhhasCursedtheonewholiveswiththeBedouinsafterhis

Hijrah.AllhhasCursedtheonewholiveswiththeBedouinsafterhisHijrah,exceptintimes

offitnah,aslivingwiththeBedouinsisbetterthanremainingamongstfitnah.alHaytham

said,inMajmaazZawid:ItwasreportedbyatTabarn,anditschaincontainsanarratorthat

Idonotknowanythingof.However,themeaningissupportedbythehadthreportedbyan

Nas,whichwillbeprovidedshortlywiththewordsofIbnHajar.

2WhatismeanthereisnotthatgoingbackononesHijrahconstitutesriddah,inandofitself.

Rather,heissayingthatbymovingbackwiththeBedouins,whoweredescribedbyAllhas

beingthemostextremeinkufrandnifq,oneisexposinghimselftothepossibilityoffollowing

theirways.(TN)


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andbepatient.Endure,bewatchful,andremainfirmupontheCommandof

yourLord,anddonotbeofthosewhohaveexchangedtheblessingofAllhfor

disbelief.AndIaskAllhtoguidemeandyou1

Andduetothis,IbnHajaralAsqaln said:

His(alBukhrs)titlingofthechapter:MovingWiththeBedouinsinTimesof

FitnahisinregardstotheMuhjirwhohasmovedfromthelandthathehas

migratedfromtolivewiththeBedouins,therebyreturningtobecominga

BedouinafterhisHijrah,andthiswasforbidden,exceptwithanexcusefromthe

Legislator.Andhe(alBukhr)specifiedthetimeoffitnah,indicatingthatthisis

oneofthesituationsthatconstituteanexcuseindoingso.Ithasalsobeensaid

thatinTimesofFitnahisinreferencetothefactthatthis(movinginwiththe

Bedouins)constitutesabetrayalofthepeopleoftruth.However,theSalaf

differedintheirunderstandingofthisconcept,assomeofthemprotectedand

secludedthemselvesfromanyfitnahsuchasSad,MuhammadbinMaslamah,

andIbnUmarandsomeofthemengagedinfighting,andtheywerethe

majority...(untilIbnHajarsaid)andanNas reportedthatIbnMasdsaid:

Theonewhoconsumesrib,theonewhopaysrib,theonewhoknowingly

writesdownthetransactionandtheonewhoturnsbackasaBedouinafterhis

HijrahallarecursedfromthetongueofMuhammad(peacebeuponhim),until

theDayofResurrection.23(endofIbnHajarswords)

InasSunanalKubr,alBayhaq reportedthesamenarrationofIbnMasd.

However,hethentitledachapter:WhatHasBeenNarratedRegardingthe

AllowanceofDoingSo(LivingWithBedouinsAfterHijrah)DuringTimesofFitnah,

andbroughtthefollowingnarrationunderit:YazdbinAb Ubaydreported

thatSalamahbinalAkwaentereduponalHajjjbinYsuf.So,alHajjjsaidto

him:OIbnalAkwa!HaveyoureturnedtobeingaBedouin?Salamahreplied:

No.Rather,theMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)allowedmetoremain

withtheBedouins(intimesoffitnah).4


2anNas (5102),andalAlbn declareditsahhinatTalqarRaghb(3/49)

3FathalBr(13/4445)

4alBukhr (7087)


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So,thedifferenceofopinionlefttoaddressisinregardstothepermissibilityof

theMuhjirnremainingformorethanthreedaysinMakkahaftercompleting

theirHajjrituals.ThisisinregardstotheMuhjirwholeftforMadnah,andmigratedtoitinordertogivevictorytothereligionofAllh,aswasreported

thatalAlbinalHadram heardtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)

say:TheMuhjirhasthreedaystoremainafterfinishinginMakkah,1and

itsasifhewasinstructingtonotstaybeyondthis.

So,itwasnotpermissibleforonetoreturntohishomeland(Makkah),andthis

wasinregardstothetimebeforehislandwasconquered.However,after

MakkahwasconqueredandbecameDralIslm,someofthescholarssawthat

thisrulinghadchanged,andwhoeverwishestoreadintothisissue,lethim

reviewitinthebookofTheVirtuesoftheAnsr,inthechapterTheMuhjirs

RemaininginMakkahAfterCompletingHisRituals,inIbnHajarsexplanationof

SahhalBukhr.2

Regardingthis,IbnHazmalsosaid:

Mlik,ashShfi,andtheirfollowers,alluseasprooftheauthenticnarration

fromtheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim),bywayofalAlbinal

Hadram:TheMuhjircanremainforthreedaysaftercompletinghisrituals.

TheysaidthattheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)hatedfortheMuhjirntoremaininMakkahwhichwastheirhomelandthattheywere

expelledfromfortheSakeofAllhuntiltheymeettheirLordwhiletheyare

strangersfromtheirownhomelands,allfortheFaceofAllhtheMightyand

Majestic.Afterthis,heallowedthemtoremaininitforthreedaysafter

completingtheirrituals.

Afterthis,itbecomescleartousthedangerofthedesirethatcanafflicttheone

whomakesHijrahfromDralKufrorDralHarb,andfollowsthatbyreturning

therewithoutanySharexcuse,whileitisuponwhatitisuponofkufr.


2InFathalBr(7/267),IbnHajarsaid:WhatthishadthreferstoisthatstayinginMakkahwas

forbiddentoonewhohadmigratedfromitbeforeitsconquest.But,itwaspermittedtothose

whowentthereforHajjorUmrahtostayaftercompletingtheritualsforthreedays,andno

more.(TN)


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Seventh:fromthegeneraloutcomesofnotmakingHijrahisthatoneisforcedto

witnessvariousevils,aswellascompromisewiththosewhofacilitatethe

practiceofthesesinsandevils,gainingnearnesstothem,andopeningoneshearttothem.Thisisbecauseevilcallsouttoothers,andvariousevilsdrag

themselvestocollectandbeclosetoeachother.So,fortheonewhoislivingin

theirmidst,theyarenotpleasedexceptwithsuchapersonindulginginsuch

affairs.Anditisinevitablethatonewilltrytopleasethem,compromisewith

theirdesires,etc.asmentionedbytheAllmahAbdarRahmnbinHasan.1

Eighth:justbecausealandisoneofkufr,oroneofmn,oroneofsin,this

doesntmeanthatthisisthepermanentstatusofsuchaland.Rather,itisa

descriptionthatisgiventoitbasedonthestateofitsinhabitants,aswellasthe

lawsthatgovernit.So,everylandthatisinhabitedbythepiousbelievers,andis

ruledbytheSharahofAllh,isalandoftheawliyofAllhatthatgivenpoint

intime.Likewise,everylandthatisinhabitedbythedisbelievers,orisruledby

otherthanIslm,itisDralKufratthatgivenpointintime.Likewise,everyland

thatisinhabitedbyanoverwhelmingmajorityoffsiqn,itisalandofsinatthat

givenpointintime.However,ifitbecomesinhabitedbythosedifferentthan

whathasbeenmentioned,itbecomesalandcharacterizedbywhoeverhas

replacedthem.Thisisjustlikeinthecaseofamosque:ifitbecomesabar,a

1AndwhatlendscredencetothisiswhatwasstatedbyShaykhAbdullhAzzm,when

addressingtheissueofMuslimsstudyingintheWest:Becauseofthis,theWesternlife,living

betweenthedisbelievers,isavery,very,verydifficultlife.Oneoftheyouth ofcourse,the

storiesaremany,andIamunabletotellthemallhere cametomeataconference andhewas

oneofmystudentsinJordan andsaidtome:Thatsit.IfIdonotgetmarried,Iwillcommit

fornication.Iamunabletosurvive, andherepeateditagain: Iamunabletosurvive.Iambeing

seriouswithyou,andwhoeversaysotherthanthis,thenheisaliar. TellmebyAllah an

unmarriedyouthintheextremeheat,andatthecollege,agirlissittingrightnexttohim,with

herskirttencentimetersaboveherknees!AndourLordSaid,aboutProphetYsuf:{ Andindeed

shediddesirehimandhewouldhaveinclinedtoherdesire,hadhenotseentheevidenceofhis

Lord.}[Ysuf;24]WereitnotforhimseeingasignfromhisLord,hewouldhaveinclinedtoher

Ysuf,thepure,purifying,noblesonofthenoblesonofthenoblesonofthenoble.So,howcanthisbe?IdeclareitforbiddenfortheyouthtostudyintheWest,exceptiftheyaremarried.

Hearitfromme:itisforbiddenforayouthtostudyintheWest,unlessheismarried.Relayon

mybehalf,evenifitisonefatw:itisnotallowed,notallowed,notallowed.Howcanoneprotect

himself?Itisimpossibletoprotectoneself,exceptthroughmarriage.Itisimpossible,impossible,

impossible,fortheunmarriedpersontolivethere,unlessheisabnormal.Ifheisabnormal,then

hemightbeabletolivethere.Asforthenormalhumanbeing,thenhow,mybrother?Sexis

availablelikewater,anditisallowed,accordingtothelaw,inthestreet,everywhere!Thestories

aremany,andthosewhocametousfromItalyandSwedenknowverywellthedisasterslurking

intheWesternsocieties.[F DhillSratatTawbah;p.12](TN)


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gatheringplaceofsin,achurchinwhichotherthanAllhisworshipped,etc.,it

ischaracterizedbywhatthosewhoareinitaredoing.Likewise,abar,gathering

placeofsin,etc.ifitismadeintoamosqueinwhichonlyAllhisworshipped,itischaracterizedaccordingtowhatithasbecome.Thesameisinthecaseofa

righteousmanwhobecomesasinner,adisbelieverwhobecomesabeliever,ora

believerwhobecomesadisbeliever,etc.everyoneischaracterizedaccordingto

thechangethathehasmade,asAllhSaid:

{Allhhasputforthaparable:atownshipthatwassafeandsecure}1

ThisversewasrevealedinMakkahwhenitwasconsideredDralKufr,allthewhilebeingthebestofthelandsofAllh,andthemostbelovedoflandstoAllh.

However,Hewasreferringtoitsinhabitants,aswellasthelawsthatwere

governingit,asitwasnarratedthattheMessengerofAllhsaid,ashewas

standingandlookingatit:ByAllh,youarethebestofAllhslands,andthe

mostbelovedofAllhslandstoAllh.Andwereitnotforthefactthatmy

peoplehadexpelledmefromyou,Iwouldnothaveleft.2

Therefore,theMuslimMuhjirshouldnotaskhowitisthatheistomakeHijrah

fromaland

of

virtue

to

aland

that

isless

in

virtue.

The

deciding

factor

isnot

the

inherentvirtueofaland,astheMessengerofAllh(peacebeuponhim)

a call to migrate (hijrah)

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