a brief review on: evolution of communication technologies
TRANSCRIPT
A Brief Review on: Evolution of Communication Technologies
Presentation On
Presented By: Radha R. Mahalle1st Year M.tech (ESC)Id:16055017
Guided By: Prof. S.S. MathurkarAssistant Prof.(Electronic and telecommu.Dept.)
Government College of Engineering, Amravati (An autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
Courtesy: Reference[11]
Contents
o Introductiono Literature Reviewo Types of Communication channelso Wired communication Technologyo Wireless communication Technologyo M2M Communication Technologyo Internet of Thingso Future Scopeo Conclusiono References
Introduction
o The transfer of data between point to point or multipoint communication is done by using transmitter and receiver.
o Examples of such: optical fiber, copper wires, wireless communication channels ,etc.
o Data is represented as an electromagnetic signal, such as voltage, microwave, etc.
Fig: Block Diagram of Communication System
Transmitter Channel Receiver
Noise
Sr No Paper Title Author Year of Publication
Conclusion
1 Comparisons of wired and wireless
network:A Review
1.Navpreet Kaur2.Sangeeta
Monga
2014 The wired Computer Networks provide a secure and faster means of connectivity but the need of mobility i.e. anywhere, anytime and anyone access is tilting the network users towards wireless technology. Wireless technology has high mobility.
2. Comparative Study of Communication Technologies for Power Optimized Automation Systems: AReview and Implementation
Amol Baviskar, Jaypal Baviskar, Swapnil Wagh, Afshan Mulla, Piyush Dave
2015 The paper summarizes all the specifications and features provided by ZigBee, UWB, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GSM, Z-Wave and Insteon technologies. It gives information about applications which are specific to automation sector and provides suitablestandards to be deployed
Literature Review
Sr No.
Paper Title Author Name Year of Publication
Conclusion
3 The Evolution of M2M into IoT
1. Mahbubul Alam
2. Rasmus H. Nielsen
3. Neeli R. Prasad
2013 In this Some of the considerations to be made when moving from M2M and into the commercialization of IoT as it is envisioned.
4. A Survey on IOT Architecture,
Protocols,Applications,
Security, Privacy, Real-world
Implementation and future trends.
1. Surapon Kraijak,
2. Panwit Tuwanut1
2015 The paper describes the evolution and how important of IoT in daily life, the generic architecture, its most widely used protocols,numerous possible applications, future trends.
5 Internet of Things: Comparative Study on Classification
Algorithms (k-NN, Naive Bayes and
Case based Reasoning)
1. Roshna Chettri
2. Shrijana Pradhan
3. Lekhika Chettri
November 2015
Among three algorithm that have been discussed case base
reasoning is better according to study as case base reasoning
reduces the computational time and solve more complicated cases and also work with the huge data .
Literature Review
Types Of Communication Channel
Communication Channel
Wireless ChannelWired Channel
o A channel is way to convey a messageo It refers to either a physical transmission such as a wire or to a logical
connection over a multiplexed medium such as a radio channelo Modes of transmission are: simplex, half duplex or full duplexo Types of transmission are: parallel and serial
Wired communication technology
o Wired technology is more associated with wired communication i.e. it uses the wired channel
o Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology.
o Examples include telephone networks, cable television or internet access, and fiber-optic communication
Courtesy: Reference[10]
o Advantages1.Security-it offers a more secure connection2. Reliability-offers a more reliable connection3. High Speed Communication e.g: Cat5 ethernet cabling runs at 100Mbps or 1Gbps speed
o Disadvantages1. Large Number of physical Connections Required2. More expensive to set up3. More time consuming
Wired communication technology
o The term wireless refers to the communication over a distance without requiring wires, cables.
o Information is transmitted through air, without requiring any cables by using electro-magnetic waves like radio frequencies, infrared, satellite etc.
o There are many wireless communication technologies such as wifi, bluetooth, zig-bee, wi-max etc
courtesy: Mtz&Rdz´s company
Wireless communication technology
o Comparison of Wireless Technologies
Parameter Bluetooth Zig-Bee Wi-fi Wi-Max
IEEE Standard IEEE 802.15.1
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11 a/b/g
IEEE 802.16
Frequency Band 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz 2.4 GHz to5 GHz
2 - 11GHz ;10 – 66GHz
Speed 0.75 Mbps 250 Kbps 54Mbps Up to 80Mbps
Access Technique
TDMA CSMA-CA CSMA-CA SOFDMA
Rang 10Meter 10 to 20 Meters
100Meter 50Km
Wireless communication technology
o A machine-to-machine (M2M) refers direct connections between devices (e.g., sensors, vending machines ,vehicles ,etc).
o Cellular wireless technologies will be a potential candidate for providing the last mile M2M connectivity.
o Example: Telemedicine is a common area in which the M2M is uses. courtesy: Reference [9]
M2M Technology
o The Internet of things is the interworking of physical devices, vehicles ,buildings and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
o The IoT is Based On the M2M Connections between the various devices, sensors, software etc.
Courtesy: Reference[ 7]
Internet of Things(IoT)
Fig: The Five layer architecture of IoT
Business Layer
Middleware Layer
Network Layer
Perception Layer
Application Layer
o Architecture of IoT :
Internet of Things(IoT)
o IoT Protocols
Most frequently used protocols for making Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication in IoT are:
1. MQTT (Message Queue Telemetry Transport)
• MQTT is a subscribes messaging transport protocol. The protocol runs over TCP/IP or over other network protocol that provided ordered, lossless, bi-directional connections.
• It provides Features of one-to-many message distribution
• It also required less bandwidth and low power as compare to the http
Internet of Things(IoT)
2. CoAP (Constraint Application Protocol)
• CoAP is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks
• CoAP provides a request and response interaction model between application end points
• CoAP is designed to friendly interface with HTTP for integration with the Web while meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead and simplicity for constrained environments
Internet of Things(IoT)
o Algorithms for IoT
The Algorithms used for computing of data in IoT are:
1. K-nearest neighbors algorithm
2. Case Based Reasoning
3. Naive Bayes
Internet of Things(IoT)
1. K-nearest neighbors algorithm• KNN is an non parametric lazy algorithm.
• K decides how many neighbors influence in the classification, this is usually an odd number
Name Acid durability (X1)
Strength (X2)
Class
Type-1 7 7 Bad
Type-2 7 4 Bad
Type-3 3 4 Good
Type-4 1 4 Good
Task: For Type-5 Tissue, Find Class for Acid durability(X) = 3 Strength(Y)=7
Example:
Internet of Things(IoT)
Step1: Calculate Distance
Formula: D=squrt((X1-X)²+(X2-Y)²), Where, X=3 and Y=7
Name Acid durability (X1)
Strength (X2)
Distance(D)=squrt((X1-X)²+(X2-Y)²)
Type-1 7 7 Squrt((7-3)²+(7-7)²)=4
Type-2 7 4 5
Type-3 3 4 3
Type-4 1 4 3.6
Distance Rank It is included in 3 nearest Neighbor
4 3 Yes
5 4 No
3 1 Yes
3.6 2 Yes
Step2: Determine Nearest Neighbor Now Cosider K=3
Internet of Things(IoT)
Name Acid durability
(X1)
Strength (X2)
Distance Rank It is included in 3 nearest Neighbor
Category Z
Type-1 7 7 4 3 Yes Bad
Type-2 7 4 5 4 No ---
Type-3 3 4 3 1 Yes Good
Type-4 1 4 3.6 2 Yes Good
Step3: Gather the Category Z of the nearest neighbor
Step4: Use simple majority of the category of the nearest neighbor
We have seen that there are two goods and one bad, the prediction is based on the. Therefore the type-5 tissue is belongs to Class-Good.
Internet of Things(IoT)
Future Scope
o IoT will derive the future technology, with various innovation and creative product.
o The IoT can be used different sectors, the IoT based smart home will save power consumption up to 10%
o Following subsection show three example of the IoT trend will matter:- Low power sensing unit- High Efficiency in connectivity- Reliable communication
Conclusions
o Wired technology is more secure, reliable, cheaper and has higher data transmission rates over wireless technology but one huge advantage that has made wireless technology popular is mobility
o M2M provides connectivity between the various devices for exchanging the data, using wired and wireless technologies.
o M2M technology is base of the IoT, if the IoT is tree then the roots of that tree are nothing but the M2M
o We can implements the IoT in various application such as smart city, smart parking, smart hospital, smart home etc
References
Papers: [1] Navpreet Kaur, Sangeeta Monga(2014) Comparison of Wired and Wireless Network :A Review Kaur et al., International Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology E-ISSN 0976-3945 Int J Adv Engg Tech/Vol. V/Issue II/April-June,2014/34-35
[2] Amol Baviskar, Jaypal Baviskar, Swapnil Wagh, Afshan Mulla, Piyush Dave (2015) Comparative Study of Communication Technologies for Power Optimized Automation Systems: A Review and Implementation. 2015 Fifth International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies.
[3] Mahbubul Alam, Rasamus H. Nielsen, Neeli R Prasad (2013) The Evolution Of M2M into IoT . First International Black Sea Conference on Communications and Networking (BlackSeaCom)
[4] Surapon Kraijak, Panwit Tuwanut(2015) A survey on IoT architectures, protocols, applications, security, privacy, real world implementation and future trends. 11th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM 2015).
[5] Roshna Chettri ,Shrijana Pradhan, Lekhika Chettri (2015) Internet of Things: Comparative Study on Classification Algorithms (k-NN, Naive Bayes and Case based Reasoning) International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) Volume 130 – No.12, November 2015.
Website:[6]
http://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-protocols/#iot-architecture-graphics on dated-10/12/2016
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things#Applications on dated-07/12/2016
References
[8] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_to_machine on dated- 07/12/2016
[9] http://www.libelium.com/smart_cars_m2m_accident_prevention/ on dated 13/12/2016
[10] http://www.expertsmind.com/blog/post/ict-the-extend-synonym-of-information-technology-in-education-732.aspx On dated-13/12/2016
[11] http://bizblog.simplex-it.com/4624/effective-project-communications-webinar/ on dated-13/12/2016
References
Thank You