H I S T O R Y O F L A B O RM A N A G I N G H U M A N R E S O U R C E S — FA L L 2 0 1 7

T I M E L I N E

• Homo sapiens arrive about 200K years ago

• Basic human needs: shelter, food, clothing, tools, health, entertainment, spirit/soul, and transportation

• These are the primary industries still today

• Work week for Hunter Gatherers… 23 hours

• Agricultural revolution begins about 12,500 years ago

• Allows for specialization and stratification: warriors, bakers, tailors, famers, ranchers…

T I M E L I N E

• 8000 BC — the brick is invented… thus the “bricklayer” is invented

• Barter system

• 2000 BC — first “monumental” architecture in Mesopotamia and Egypt

• First standing army

• Salary — from salt, you “drew” your salt rations

• 1754 BC — first labor agreement: The Code of Hammurabi

• Loss of a foot - 10 shekels

• Loss of a foot in Colorado, 2016 - $162,869 (https://www.propublica.org/article/how-much-is-your-arm-worth-depends-where-you-work)

T I M E L I N E

• 2,000 — 800 BC — Ancient Greece, China, India

• Roughly the same social classes: wealthy and ruling class, knights/warriors, craftsmen, laborers, and slaves

• Notice the historic division between job and project

• Ancient Rome — First labor contracts, different from service contracts

T I M E L I N E

• 500 AD - 1400 AD

• First Guilds — Trade and religious, protect territory and tools, create craft and safety guidelines, and set wages

• Formal apprenticeships… apprenticeship, journeymen, master craftsman

• 300 guilds in Paris by 14th Century

T I M E L I N E

• 1600 AD — New World Labor— Indentured Servitude & Slaves

• 1664 — African slaves become slaves for life

• 1677 — First legal prosecution of strikers in New York City

• “Sons of Liberty” protest taxes — U.S. Revolution as a “labor strike”

• 1791 — First strike in building trades by Philadelphia carpenters for a 10-hour work day

• 1806 Commonwealth v. Pullis— The “Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers” strike for higher wages, leaders get indicted on conspiracy charges

T I M E L I N E

• Industrial Revolution 1760 - 1820

• Factory System

• Company Towns

• Economies of Scale

• Standardization

• Modern classroom is created with clocks, desks, and teacher (coursework in rote memorization and repetition

• French Revolution (1789-1799) to Karl Marx (1818-1883) intellectual/philosophical battle over labor and economics and set stage for communism

T I M E L I N E

• 1861 — Civil War begins, largest U.S. labor dispute ever

• 1865 — 13th Amendment to Constitution abolishes slavery

• Estimated 20-40 million slaves today

• 1866 — National Labor Union formed

• 1868 — Transcontinental railroad built by paid labor (mostly Chinese & Whites, Chinese used as bargaining chip… kept wages low)

• 1869 — Women right to vote in Wyoming

• 1882 — First Labor Day parade in New York City

• 1894 — Pullman Strike… 250K, 30 deaths

• 1914 — Ludlow Massacre… 20-25 deaths

T I M E L I N E

• World War I 1914 - 1918

• Wars are massive mobilizers of economics and people

• Maps of Europe and Middle East, and parts of Asia are redrawn

• Rise of the “Muckrakers”

• Upton Sinclair “The Jungle”

• Coal, Meatpacking, Oil and Gas, Child labor, wages, working conditions

• 1938 — Fair Labor Standards Act creates a minimum wage and a 40 hour work week

T I M E L I N E

• World War II 1939 - 1945

• Total CasualtiesRussia -- 20M to 30M China -- 10M to 20M Germany -- 7M to 9M Poland -- 5M to 6M Dutch East Indies -- 3M to 4M Japan -- 3M India -- 2M to 3MFrance -- 600KEngland -- 455K ---------------------------------------------World Total -- 60M to 84M US -- 418KNote -- The Battle of Stalingrad resulted in close to 2M total casualties alone. Note -- US suffered almost no damage to industrial infrastructure

T I M E L I N E

• 1950’s - 1980’s Pax Americana

• Rise of labor standards and wages for almost all Americans

• 1960’s Civil Rights Era — Civil Rights Act 1964 and other major legislation

• 1977 — World “Wakes Up” from WWII the Rise of Japan and Germany

T I M E L I N E

• The “Great Reversal” 1970’s - 2000’s

• The game went global… creating a downward pressure on wages

• Move “labor” to Third World nations and rise and fall of the maquiladora

• Illegal labor market in U.S

• Anti-organized labor movement

http://www.vox.com/2016/2/3/10905274/japan-history-video

Fun video that covers the progression…