a brain imaging perspective of bilingualism, brain organization, … · 2012-04-11 · south...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Brain Imaging Perspective of
Bilingualism, Brain Organization, and Development
Denise Klein Lecture Series: Winter-‐2012 Program
March 26, 2012, Montreal
![Page 2: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sakai, 2005 (review) Language Acquisi8on and Brain Development Science 310, 815
Sensi8ve period for first language acquisi8on
![Page 5: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Johnson & Newport. (1989). Cogni*ve Psychology, 21, 60-‐99
Sensi8ve period for second language acquisi8on
![Page 6: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Early brain growth model
Growth rate at 3,6,12,24,48 months i.e. derivative of volume ratio
Volume growth at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 months i.e. volume ratio between t=0 and time t
Courtesy of Alan Evans
![Page 7: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Gogtay et al, 2004 PNAS, page 8174-‐8179
![Page 8: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Klein Lab
![Page 11: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What about brain func8on??
![Page 12: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Petersen et al, 1989
![Page 13: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
ENGLISH-FRENCH STUDY Task Example Repeat English words (L1 REP) contestant - contestant Generate Synonym English (L1 SYN) beverage - drink Generate Rhyme English (L1 RHY) tactical - practical Translate English-French (L1 TRAN) forget - oublier Repeat French words (L2 REP) pardessus - pardessus Generate Synonym French (L2 SYN) converser - parler Translate French-English (L2 TRAN) réussir - succeed INPUT (AUDITORY); OUTPUT (SPEECH)
![Page 14: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Klein et al, 1995
![Page 15: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
MANDARIN-ENGLISH STUDY Task Example Repeat Mandarin words (L1 REP) Generate Verbs Mandarin (L1 GEN) Repeat English words (L2 REP) cowboy - cowboy Generate Verbs English (L2 GEN) telephone - ring INPUT (AUDITORY); OUTPUT (SPEECH)
![Page 16: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Klein et al, 1999
![Page 17: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
SIGNING STUDY
Task Repeat signs Generate Verbs for Noun Signs INPUT (VISUAL); OUTPUT (SIGN)
![Page 18: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Petitto et al, 2000
![Page 19: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Do voxels in an area contain neuronal populations each tuned to a different language
or are these neurons language-invariant?
![Page 20: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Conditions for Experiment
Block Task Δ Stimulus Target
L1 same word ∅ bed bed bed bed bed bed L1 different word M bed bed bed bed bed pig L1-L2 translate L bed bed bed bed bed lit L1-L2 unrelated LM bed bed bed bed bed pomme L2 same word ∅ lampe lampe lampe lampe lampe lampe L2 different word M lampe lampe lampe lampe lampe gant L2-L1 translate L lampe lampe lampe lampe lampe light L2-L1 unrelated LM lampe lampe lampe lampe lampe grass
![Page 21: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Klein et al, 1995
![Page 23: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
L2 Synonym – L1 Synonym
![Page 24: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Scotswoman wakes up speaking with a South African accent
Reuter LONDON - A Scottish
woman with a lilting brogue went to bed with a headache and woke up speaking with a South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke and is now suffering from Foreign Accent Syndrome, a rare condition in which patients
acquire a completely different accent after suffering a stroke. “It is to do with the melody or intonation of one’s voice. Normally a stroke victim’s voice is affected in terms of slowing it down or finding it difficult to speak”. Dr Sophie Scott of the Applied Psychology unit told the London Daily.
![Page 25: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Other interes8ng linguis8c situa8ons
![Page 26: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
English Grammatical Judgement
Mayberry & Lock, Brain & Language, 2003
0.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.900.951.00
Simple Dative Conj. Pass. RCSyntactic Structure
A' S
core
NC
Early Sgn
Early Spkn
No Early Lng
![Page 28: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mayberry et al, 2011
![Page 29: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
What about brain structure??
![Page 31: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Age of acquisi8on appears to be crucial in laying down the structure for language learning and that it is early organiza8on for language learning that takes full advantage of the period of greatest neural plas8city during early
childhood
![Page 32: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Group studies
R.A
R.A
Klein et al, 2000
![Page 34: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
French English Synonym generation - Word repetition
a
-43, 33, -2 -39, 21, 5
Synonym generation - Silent baseline
b
-60, -39, 15 -62, -39, 15
lesion lesion
lesion lesion
Klein, 2003
![Page 35: A Brain Imaging Perspective of Bilingualism, Brain Organization, … · 2012-04-11 · South African accent, a British doctor said yesterday. Doctors say the woman had a minor stroke](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050207/5f5a099de3f403403e1ea8a2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Collaborators on new projects
Kelvin Mok (Klein Lab) Jen-‐Kai Chen (Klein Lab)
Megan Callahan (Klein lab) Jennika Soles (Klein lab)
Jonathan Berken (Klein and Gracco)
Shari Baum Vincent Gracco Debra Titone Fred Genesee Natalie Phillips
Kate Watkins (University of Oxford)