a bottom-up, distributed power system for self-sustaining ...€¦ · • flow based, synchronous...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DC-based Open Energy System: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System
for Self-Sustaining Islands
Mario Tokoro Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 2: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Our Fundamental Thought
Sustainable
Dependable
Affordable
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
Do not pass on liability to next generation
Keep risk manageable
Accessible to everyone on earth
![Page 3: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Conventional Power Systems
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 4: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Do not pass on liability to next generation
Keep risk manageable
Accessible to everyone on earth
Renewable Energy Sources, which are Distributed, Intermittent, and Unstable, with Batteries
Local Consumption of the Locally Produced by Self-Supporting as much, in the form of Bottom-Up, Autonomous, and Interconnected
System can start Small yet Expandable in the form of Bottom-Up, Autonomous, and Interconnected
Our Approach
Sustainable
Dependable
Affordable
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 5: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Open Energy Systems
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 6: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Conventional systems • Distributed energy sources • Local consumption of the locally
produced • Bottom-up and flexible configuration
of distributed autonomous systems • Stock based, asynchronous
load/supply balancing • Exchange network
• Centralized energy source • Transmission for distant
consumption • Top-down configuration with
central control • Flow based, synchronous
load/supply balancing • Distribution network
Open Energy Systems
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 7: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
How do we achieve OES? DCOES Technologies
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 8: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
How to balance?
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
Renewable Energy Sources
Batteries / Energy Storage
![Page 9: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Batteries cannot take whole energy produced by PV
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 10: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Variety in usage pattern
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
Image ©2014 DigitalGlobe, Map data © 2014 Google, ZENRIN
![Page 11: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Energy Exchange Technology
Exchange energy among batteries In the form of DC
In order to maximize the use of PV panels and
batteries
through complementing difference in usage patterns
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 12: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• Reactance loss of power is not negligible
• Interconnection of networks is difficult due to sync.
• Efficient DC/DC converters are now available
• Interconnection of networks is easy (no sync. is necessary)
AC for transformers
DC for batteries
Phase
Voltage
Frequency
Voltage
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 13: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Base Theory
Constant Voltage Source keeps the grid voltage at 350V
Constant Current Sources set desired current
One Voltage Source and n Current Sources with Durable and Flexible Distributed Control
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 14: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
m-to-n Energy Exchange
DC/DC converter can have 3 modes: • Waiting (stop) • Constant Voltage mode (CV) • Constant Current mode (CC)
#0 DC/DC
#1 DC/DC
#2 DC/DC
#3 DC/DC
#4 DC/DC
#5 DC/DC
Set the Grid to 350V by CV mode (#0) Deal 1: Send energy from #1 -> #3 Deal 2: Send energy from #4 -> #2, #5
VG=350V
CC
2A 2A
CC IG=2A IG=2A
CV CC CC CC
4A 2A 2A
IG=4A IG=2A IG=2A
2A 2A 2A
350V Bus line
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 15: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Energy Exchange Policies
• Baseline policy – Capacity available for giving/receiving – Request for consumption
• Advanced policies – Prediction based on past usage pattern – Weather forecast for generation and consumption – Dynamic pricing reflecting demand and supply
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 16: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scalable Architecture
Power Exchange Network
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
When necessary
When necessary
Most exchanges happen at the lowest level!
![Page 17: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Video 1
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 18: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
DCOES@OIST20 System Structure (1)
• Configuration of each house
48VDC
100VAC
Energy System
Controller PV
Charger
Bi-directional DC/DC
Inverter and AC switch
350VDC
Energy Server System
Battery
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 19: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Communication Line
DCOES@OIST20 System Structure (2)
• 19 houses connected
Power Line
house 1 house 2 house 19
switch
switch switch
switch
switch switch
switch
switch switch
...
350VDC
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 20: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Energy Server System
• SONY 48V Li-Ion battery modules • 350V Grid • Energy exchange module, DCDC • DC to AC inverter for appliances • AC backup by utility company
Main Controller
PV Charger
BMU Battery 1.2kWh Battery 1.2kWh
DC-DC Conv.
Inverter
EMU
PV Charger
Battery 1.2kWh Battery 1.2kWh
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 21: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
350V DC Power Lines (Privately Owned)
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 22: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Video 2
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 23: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Performance Evaluation
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 24: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Performance Evaluation
Distributed stand-alone
Top-down by a single entity • Fixed in size with high initial costs • Single failure may cause total system
outage • Efficient for a predefined users and
usage patterns
Bottom-up by individuals • Flexible in size and variety with
incremental costs • Failures do not cause total system
outage • May not be efficient overall
Centralized
vs
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 25: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
DCOES: Distributed System with Energy Exchange
DCOES
• Flexible in size and variety with incremental costs
• Failures do not cause total system outages
• High efficiency and flexibility in size and variety
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 26: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Variety in usage pattern (Winter)
Q3 Median Q1 outlier x
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 27: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Variety in usage pattern (Spring)
Q3 Median Q1 outlier x
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 28: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Performance Result and Estimation (Current OIST configuration with baseline policy)
Stand alone DCOES Centralized
Summer: Simulation (19 houses) 2015/7/16- 8/15
Winter: Real OIST Data (19 houses) 2015/1/1- 1/31
Spring: Real OIST Data (19 houses) 2015/4/16- 5/16
34%
60% 63%
38%
67% 71%
42%
74% 77%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Winter Spring Summer
Stand Alone
DCOES
Centralized
Self-sufficiency ratio = (Energy used - Energy bought)/ Energy used
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 29: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Performance Result and Estimation (Solar x2, Battery x2 with baseline policy)
Summer: Simulation (19 houses) 2015/7/16- 8/15
Winter: Real OIST Data (19 houses) 2015/1/1- 1/31
Spring: Real OIST Data (19 houses) 2015/4/16- 5/16
57%
87% 90%
67%
94% 96%
73%
96% 99%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Winter Spring Summer
Stand Alone
DCOES
Centralized
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
Self-sufficiency ratio = (Energy used - Energy bought)/ Energy used
![Page 30: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Next Plans
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 31: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
DCOES/LV for Houses in a Community
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
350V DC Line PV: 3-5kWp Batt.: 5kWh
![Page 32: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
DCOES/MV for Larger Communities
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
350V DC Line PV: 3-5kWp Batt.: 5kWh
DCOES/LV
DCOES/LV DCOES/LV
DCOES/LV DCOES/LV
DCOES/LV
DCOES/LV
DCOES/LV
+ 1KV Line
![Page 33: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
DCOES/MV for Buildings
1KV DC Line PV: 100kWp
Batt.: 500kWh ©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 34: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
DCOES/HV for Self-Sustaining Island
![Page 35: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
DC-based Open Energy System:
A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining Islands
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.
![Page 36: A Bottom-Up, Distributed Power System for Self-Sustaining ...€¦ · • Flow based, synchronous load/supply balancing ... Main Controller PV Charger . BMU . Battery 1.2kWh . Battery](https://reader033.vdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022060515/5f8a9c9d028db945412ce533/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. H. Kitano, Y. Tokuda, S. Tajima, T. Yoshimura, Y. Ishibashi, T. Morita,
A. Werth, D. Kawamoto, D. Yanagidaira, N. Matsuda, A. André
Okinawa Institute for Science and Technology T. Sakagami, K. Kuwae, M. Nishimura, H. Kitano, J. Dickison
Okisokou Co. Ltd
K. Nishime, Y. Toma, H. Yoshida, Y. Ohshiro, Y. Higa, T. Nagata
Sony Energy Devices Corporation Sony Business Operations
Sony Corporation
JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) MOE (Ministry of the Environment), Japan Okinawa Prefecture Government, Japan
Acknowledgements
©2015 Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc.