A

SYNOPSIS

Of

PROJECT

On

GREEN STRUCTURES USING NON-CONVENTIONAL MATERIALS

By:

Layak Singh (12BTCENG024)

Ajay Pal (12BTCENG034)

Riteshmani Tripathi (12BTCENG040)

Baiju Kumar (12BTCENG047)

Anoop Kumar (12BTCENG069)

Amaan Ahmad (12BTCENG071)

Under the Guidance of

Dr. Vikas Srivastava

Department of Civil Engineering

Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences

Allahabad-211007

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ABSTRACT

Green structures made by the use of waste materials such as fly ash, rice husk and

micro silica fly ash. Green materials helps in saving energy , emissions , waste water is often helpful to produce it uses waste products directly as a partial substitute for cement thus saving energy consumption in production of per unit of cement. Brick made from fly ash as partial replacement of clay were studied for compressive strength, dimensional tolerance, Water absorption test of brick in this project. Fly ash is a good replacement of clay in case of brick and also used for concrete.

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INTRODUCTION

Green structure as the name suggests is eco friendly and saves the environment by using waste products generated by industries in various forms like rice husk ash , micro silica fly ash etc.

To make resource - saving structures.

Use of green materials helps in saving energy, emissions, waste water is often helpful to produce it uses waste products directly as a partial substitute for cement thus saving energy consumption in production of per unit of cement.

Green construction materials are composed of renewable, rather than non-renewable resources.

Green structures are environmentally responsible because impacts are considered over the life of product.

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Sources

Selection process is followed by characterizing the strength parameters of green materials .Starting from very first step of process of determining cost consideration of green materials which can cause a reduction of cost.

Important task is to assess the possible pathway of increasing use of green materials.

To decrease the time span of construction of structures such that using the fly ash brick and concrete using fly ash.

Construction materials, components found locally, saving energy and resources in transportation to the project site.

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MATERIALS & METHOD

Tests to be performed on Fly ash brick and conventional brick.

1. Dimensional tolerance of bricks.

2. Water absorption of bricks.

3. Compressive strength of bricks.

4. Efflorescence of bricks.

By changing the various ratios of constituents we will determine the strength parameter of green materials over conventional materials.

1.Dimensional Tolerance of Bricks:

A brick is rectangular in shape and size that can be conveniently handled with one hand. Brick may be made of burnt clay or mixture of sand and lime or of Portland cement concrete. Clay bricks are commonly used

But our focus is to replace it with green material like fly ash brick.

Standard size of bricks are 19*9*9 cm .Tolerance on the size of bricks are fixed by giving maximum and minimum dimensions , not on individual bricks but on batches of 20 bricks chosen at random . If the bricks are outside the prescribed limit of tolerance then such lots from which sample bricks are taken should be rejected.

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2.Water Absorption Test

The existence of minute pore confers marked capillary properties on brick ceramics. In particular all bricks absorbed water by capillary action. The % of water absorption is a very valuable indication of burning.

First class bricks : 12-15% of its dry weight.

Second class bricks : 16-20% of its dry weight.

Third class bricks : 25% of its dry weight.

3.Compressive strength of Bricks:

Brick has a brittle behavior. Its strength is predominantly governed by its porosity and maximum sizes of pores present in it, apart from bonding introduced during its manufacturing. Since, Tensile strength, shear strength and modulus of elasticity also depend on porosity, the measured compressive strength gives an indication of these properties too . Tensile strength, vary from 30-40 % of the compressive strength. The modulus of elasticity is about 700 times the compressive strength for the brick of crushing strength up to 300 kg/cm2 and remains more or less constant for stronger brick.

Tests to be performed on concrete

1. Bulk density of Coarse aggregate.

2. Specific gravity and water absorption of coarse aggregate.

3. Aggregate crushing value.

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4. Aggregate impact value.

5. Aggregate abrasion value.

1. Bulk density of aggregate

The bulk density of aggregate depends upon their packing, the particles shape and size, the grading and the moisture content. For a given specific gravity the angular aggregates show a lower bulk density.

The higher the bulk density the lower is the void content to be filled by sand and cement.

The bulk density is measured in kilograms per litre.

The parameter of bulk density is also used in concrete mix design.

2. Specific gravity and water absorption of coarse aggregate

The specific gravity of most of the natural aggregate lies between 2.6 – 2.7.

The specific gravity and porosity of aggregate greatly influence the strength and water absorption of concrete.

Specific gravity of aggregate generally is indicative of its quality.

The low specific gravity may indicate high porosity and therefore poor durability and low strength.

The density will greatly depend on specific gravity.

3. Aggregate crushing value

The aggregate crushing value gives a relative measure of the resistance of the aggregate in bulk to crushing under a gradually applied

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compressive load. However, it does not give a true picture of crushing strength of aggregate.

Larger sizes of aggregates have generally been found to be higher aggregate crushing value.

The crushing value varies even for the same aggregates.

For aggregates of crushing value 30 or above, the result may be anomalous.

4. Aggregate impact value

Toughness is an important property of aggregate, may be defined as its resistance to failure be by impact.

It is characterized by the energy absorbed before failure.

Aggregate in bulk is used in structural concrete pavements or in the railway tracks.

Impact forces may result from moving vehicles or falling weights.

For majority of aggregate the aggregate impact value and the aggregate crushing value are numerically similar within fairly close limits.

If the aggregate impact value of the given aggregate is high, there is a probability of breakdown of the wearing layers of the concrete using such aggregate. The impact value should be less than or equal to 30 %.

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5. Aggregate abrasion value

The abrasion of resistance to wear is an important property of aggregate used in roads and in the floor surface subjected to heavy vehicles.

Concrete surface made of coarse aggregate can be subjected to various types of abrasive wear.

The action of abrasive solids carried by water generally lead to erosion of concrete.

The aggregate abrasion value is define in terms of the percentage loss in mass on abrasion.

The abrasion value should not be greater than 30 for wearing surfaces and not more than 50 for concrete other than wearing.

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WORKPLAN

S.NO. WORK MONTHOdd Semester

1. Literature review November -April2. Explore the sources of green materials November 24th-27th

3. Finalization of work and review Till 15th December

Work plan for Even Semester:

S.No. WORK MONTH1. Procurement of material January2. Casting of specimen February3. Testing of specimen March4. Preparation of write up April

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Work progress chart

literature review

explore the soure of green material

finalization of work and review

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%

completetion in %

completetion in %

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Tasks to be completed

1. Replacement of conventional materials by green materials and project scheduling.

2. Cost estimation of conventional materials and green materials.

3. Strength comparison by trial of various compositions.

4. Project finalization and submission.

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REFERENCES

IS 3495: Part-I: 1992

IS: 1077

IS: 3495: Part: III: 1992

IS: 3495: Part: III

www.flyash.com

Building Materials by S K Duggal

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