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9/8/2019 IAENG Conference Publications: Proceedings Book of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol. I
www.iaeng.org/publication/details/IMECS2014_Proc_I.html 1/1
Proceedings Book of TheInternationalMultiConference ofEngineers and ComputerScientists 2014 Vol. IISBN:978-988-19252-5-1
ISSN:2078-0958 (Print) / 2078-0966 (Online)
International MultiConference of Engineers andComputer Scientists 2014 (IMECS 2014).
Price: US 40 (by surface) / US 60 (by air)
This volume includes the papers of the belowconferences: The 2014 IAENG International Conference on ArtificialIntelligence and Applications The 2014 IAENG International Conference onBioinformatics The 2014 IAENG International Conference onBioinformatics Special Session: The IAENGInternational Workshop on Biomedical Engineering The 2014 IAENG International Conference onComputer Science The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Controland Automation The 2014 IAENG International Conference on DataMining and Applications The 2014 IAENG International Conference on ImagingEngineering The 2014 IAENG International Conference on InternetComputing and Web Services The 2014 IAENG International Conference onScientific Computing The 2014 IAENG International Conference on SoftwareEngineering
9/8/2019 International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists IMECS 2014
www.iaeng.org/IMECS2014/committee.html 1/6
Hong Kong, 12-14 March, 2014
Conferences Publications Membership About IAENG FAQ Contact Us
The IMECS 2014 Program Committee
As the IMECS is organized by the International Association of Engineers and the Engineering Letters, some ofthe editorial board members of the Engineering Letters and the IAENG journals and the committee members ofIAENG Societies are taking part in the IMECS 2014 International Program Committee.
IMECS MultiConference Co-chairs
Prof. Craig Douglas (honorary co-chair)
School of Energy Resources Distinguished Professor,Departments of Mathematics & Director, Institute for Scientific Computation, University ofWyoming, USAVisiting Professor and Associate Director, Center forNumerical Porous Media MethodsKing Abdullah University of Science & Technology, SaudiArabia & Former Senior Research Scientist (corresponding tononteaching full professor), Computer Science Department, Yale University, USA
Prof. David Dagan Feng (honorary co-chair)Head, School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Australia
Prof. Alexander M. Korsunsky (honorary co-chair)Professor of Engineering Science Former Dean, Trinity CollegeDepartment of Engineering Science, University of Oxford,UK
Prof. Ping-kong Alexander Wai (honorary co-chair)Vice President and Chair Professor of OpticalCommunicationsHong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
9/8/2019 International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists IMECS 2014
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Prof. Oscar CastilloProfessor and Research Director of Computer ScienceTijuana Institute of Technology, MexicoFormer Adjunct Professor of San Diego State University,USA President of HAFSA (Hispanic American Fuzzy SystemsAssociation)Vice-Chair of the Mexican Chapter of the ComputationalIntelligence Society (IEEE)
Prof. Jeong-A LeeProfessor of Department of Computer EngineeringChosun University, South Korea
IMECS Program Committee & Conferences Co-Chairs
Yousry H. Abdelkader Alexandria University, Egypt
Daoud Ait-Kadi University Laval, Canada
Basim Al-Najjar Vaxjo University, Sweden
Ali Allahverdi Kuwait University, Kuwait
Bala P. Amavasai Sheffield Hallam University, U.K.
Carlos Henggeler Antunes University of Coimbra, Portugal
Djamel Bouchaffra Oakland University, USA
Indranil Bose The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Anthony Brabazon University College Dublin, Ireland
Mietek Brdys The University of Birmingham, UK
Fidel Cacheda University of A Coruna, Spain
Alan Hoi-shou Chan City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Felix T.S. Chan The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Chin-Chen Chang Feng Chia University, Taiwan
Pranay Chaudhuri University of the West Indies, West Indies
Chun-Hsien Chen Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Chung Shue Chen INRIA, France
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Mu-Song Chen Da-Yeh University, Taiwan
Qingfeng Chen Deakin University, Australia
Wallace Choy The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
T.S. Chung The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Orville Leverne Clubb City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Manuel Jose DamasioUniversidade Lusofona de Humanidades e Tecnologias,Portugal
Chuangyin Dang City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Alexandar Djordjevich City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Yu-fai Fung Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
G. Ganesan Adikavi Nannaya University, India
Robert Gay Kheng Leng Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Zhao-qiang Ge Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
Goh Ong Sing National Technical University of Malaysia, Malaysia
Angel Marin Gracia de la Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Spain
Nalan Gulpinar University of Warwick, UK
Phil Heaton-Adegbile University of Portsmouth, UK
Enrique Herrera-Viedma University of Granada, Spain
Josep R. Herrero Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain
Xu Huang University of Canberra, Australia
Chi-Kuang Hwang Chung-Hua University, Taiwan
Heung Suk Hwang TongMyong University, South Korea
Shigekazu Ishihara Hiroshima International University, Japan
Limin Jia Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Hsueh-Fen Juan National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Rajgopal Kannan Louisiana State University, USA
George P. Karatzas Technical University of Crete, Greece
Hideki Katagiri Hiroshima University, Japan
Graham Kendall University of Nottingham, UK
Kensaku Kikuta University of Hyogo, Japan
Haeng Kon Kim Catholic University of DaeGu, South Korea
Sung-il Kim Korea University, South Korea
Cartik Kothari The University of Memphis, USA
Mohan KrishnamoorthyCSIRO Mathematical & Information Sciences Division,Australia
Tadahiko Kumamoto Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan
Reggie Kwan The Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Ho Woo Lee Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea
Layuan Li Wuhan University of Technology, China
Xueliang Li Nankai University, China
Yiming Li National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Chih-Min Lin Yuan-Ze University, Taiwan
Baoding Liu Tsinghua University, China
9/8/2019 International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists IMECS 2014
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Liping Liu University of Akron, USA
Elsa M. Macias Lopez Las Palmas de Gran Canaria University, Spain
Kazuaki Maeda Chubu University, Japan
Prabhat K.Mahanti University of New Brunswick, Canada
Qusay H. Mahmoud University of Guelph, Canada
Nikolaos Matsatsinis Technical University of Crete, Greece
George Mavrommatis Hellenic Military Academy, Greece
Michael McGuigan Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA
Patricia Melin Tijuana Institute of Technology, Mexico
Ludmil Mikhailov The University of Manchester, UK
Hiroshi Mineno Shizuoka University, Japan
Herman Monsuur Netherlands Defense Academy, The Netherlands
Chiung Moon Yonsei University, South Korea
Alejandro Murua University of Montreal, Canada
Nysret Musliu Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Didier Nakache CNAM de Paris, France
Jun Ni The University of Iowa, USA
Lars Nolle Nottingham Trent University, UK
A. Alper Ozalp Uludag University, Turkey
Wan- Kai Pang The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Apostolos N. Papadopoulos Aristotle University, Greece
Selwyn Piramuthu University of Florida, USA
I.M. Premachandra University of Otago, New Zealand
Quah Tong Seng Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Dharmendra Sharma University of Canberra, Australia
Jiuh-Biing Sheu National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Shey-Huei Sheu National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Cornel I. G. ResteanuNational Institute for Research and Development in Informatics,Bucharest, Romania
Carlos Romero Technical University of Madrid, Spain
Susumu Saito The Institute for Science of Labour, Japan
Tadeusz Sawik AGH University of Science & Technology, Poland
Rosemary R. Seva De La Salle University, Philippines
Elhadi Shakshuki Acadia University, Canada
Vrijendra Singh Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, India
Yannis Siskos University of Piraeus, Greece
Yuri Grigoriyevich StoyanInstitute for Problems in Machinery of National UkrainianAcademy of Sciences, Ukraine
Junping Sun Nova Southeastern University, USA
Zhaohao Sun University of Wollongong, Australia
A.B. Rad Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
Marina Resta Universita' degli Studi di Genova, Italy
Maria Luque Rodriguez University of Cordoba, Spain
9/8/2019 International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists IMECS 2014
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Raul Rojas Freie Universitat Berlin, Germany
Manoj Kumar TiwariNational Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology (NIFFT),India
Dat Tran University of Canberra, Australia
Francisco Herrera Triguero University of Granada, Spain
Lin-Yu Tseng Providence University, Taiwan
Shinichi Tsuda Tokai University, Japan
Gwo-Hshiung Tzeng Kainan University, Taiwan
Lev V. Utkin St.Petersburg Forest Technical Academy, Russia
Ismael Vaz Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Jose Luis Verdegay Universidad de Granada, Spain
Hsiao-Fan Wang National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
Long Wang Peking University, China
Shyh-Hau Wang Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan
Toyohide Watanabe Nagoya University, Japan
Frank Werner Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Germany
Igor Wojnicki AGH - University of Science and Technology, Poland
Ed Xuekui Wu University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Trong Wu Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, USA
Guangming Xie Peking University, China
Li Xu Zhejiang University, China
Susan H. Xu Penn State University, USA
Gi-Chul Yang Mokpo National University, South Korea
Xin-She Yang University of Cambridge, UK
Ali Riza Yildiz University of Michigan, USA
Kun-Ming Yu Chung Hua University, Taiwan
Cecilia Zanni Marc Bloch University, France
Xiaohua (Douglas) Zhang Merck Research Laboratories, USA
Zhe George Zhang Simon Fraser University, Canada
Yao Zhao Beijing Jiaotong University, China
Yong Zhao Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Constantin Zopounidis Technical University of Crete, Greece
IMECS Conferences Committees:
ICOR'14 Conference Committee Members
ICAIA'14 Conference Committee Members
ICSC'14 Conference Committee Members
ICCSA'14 Conference Committee Members
ICDMA'14 Conference Committee Members
9/8/2019 International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists IMECS 2014
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ICIE'14 Conference Committee Members
ICB'14 Conference Committee Members
ICICWS'14 Conference Committee Members
ICCS'14 Conference Committee Members
ICSE'14 Conference Committee Members
ICEE'14 Conference Committee Members
ICINDE'14 Conference Committee Members
ICCA'14 Conference Committee Members
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 1/29
Sunday, September 8, -1781
Proceedings of the International MultiConference ofEngineers and Computer Scientists 2014
IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong
The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists has been organized bythe International Association of Engineers (IAENG), a non-profit international association for theengineers and the computer scientists. The IMECS 2014 takes place in The Royal Garden Hotel,Kowloon, Hong Kong, 12-14 March, 2014.
The focus of our conference is on the frontier topics in the theoretical and applied engineering andcomputer science subjects. The IMECS conferences have been serving as good platforms for ourmembers and the entire engineering community to meet with each other and to exchange ideas.The conferences have also stroke a balance between theoretical and application development.
Our IMECS 2014 has been organized with conference committees that have been formed withover three hundred committee members who are mainly research center heads, faculty deans,department heads, professors, and research scientists from over 30 countries. The conferences aretruly international meetings with a high level of participation from many countries.
The response that we have received for the multiconference is excellent. The IMECS 2014 hasattracted more than six hundred participants from over 50 countries. All submitted papers havegone through the peer review process. The summary of submissions and accepted papers inIMECS 2014 is as followed: total number of submissions reviewed: 683; total number of acceptedpapers: 350. And the overall acceptance rate in our multiconference is 51.24%.
Editors: S. I. Ao and Oscar Castillo and Craig Douglas and David Dagan Feng and Jeong-A Lee
ISBN of Vol I (pp1-606): 978-988-19252-5-1
ISBN of Vol II (pp607-1256): 978-988-19253-3-6
ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print) / ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
Publisher: Newswood Limited
Organization: International Association of Engineers
CONFERENCE PAPERS:
IMECS 2014
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Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp1-6 [Online Full Text]
Recurrent-Fuzzy-Neural System-based Adaptive Controller for Nonlinear Uncertain Systems
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Tzu-Wei Hu, and Ching-Hung Lee
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Cluster-based Particle Swarm Algorithm for Solving the Mastermind Problem
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Virtual Machine Scheduling Management on Cloud Computing Using Artificial Bee Colony
B. Kruekaew, and W. Kimpan
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp18-22 [Online Full Text]
An Application of Fuzzy Inference System Composed of Double-Input Rule Modules to Control Problems
Hirofumi Miyajima, Fumihiro Kawai, Noritaka Shigei, and Hiromi Miyajima
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp23-28 [Online Full Text]
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Muhammad Asif, Jamil Ahmed, and Abdul Hannan
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp29-35 [Online Full Text]
A New Method for Improving the Performance of Linkage Pattern Mining
Saerom Lee, Takahiro Miura, and Yoshifumi Okada
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp36-40 [Online Full Text]
Applying TAM Model to Evaluate the Indoor Parking Guidance and Information System
Kuo-Wei Su, Chen-Ni Chen, Nai-Hsin Kuo, and Hsin-Hui Tseng
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp46-51 [Online Full Text]
Multi-Scale Subspace Grids Based Approach for Recognising Patterns in Applications Involving Multidimensional Data
M. Arif Wani
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp52-57 [Online Full Text]
An Intelligent Model Framework for Handling Effects of Uncertainty Events for Crude Oil Price Projection: ConceptualPaper
Haruna Chiroma, Sameem Abdulkareem, and Abdulsalam Ya'u Gital
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp58-62 [Online Full Text]
Gesture Recognition System for Human-Robot Interaction and Its Application to Robotic Service Task
Tatsuya Fujii, Jae Hoon Lee, and Shingo Okamoto
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Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp63-68 [Online Full Text]
Applying Eye Tracking to Evaluate Indoor Parking Navigation System
Kuo-Wei Su, Hou-Hui Cai, Yi-Ying Wu, and Ya-Ting Li
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp69-74 [Online Full Text]
Image Classification by Transfer Learning Based on the Predictive Ability of Each Attribute
Masahiro Suzuki, Haruhiko Sato, Satoshi Oyama, and Masahito Kurihara
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp75-78 [Online Full Text]
Taxonomy of Low-level Hybridization (LLH) for PSO-GA
S. Masrom, Siti Z.Z. Abidin, N. Omar, and K. Nasir
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp79-86 [Online Full Text]
SBCAW-PSO: A Sine-Based Chaotic Adaptive Inertia Weight Particle Swarm Optimization
Yu-Huei Cheng, and Che-Nan Kuo
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Tissue Characterization of Coronary Plaque by Subspace Method with Consideration to Neighborhood Information ofTarget Tissue
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Bounds for the Permutation Flowshop Scheduling Problem with Exact Time Lags while Minimizing the Total Earlinessand Tardiness
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In-silico Study of the Role of Differentially Expressed Genes and MicroRNAs in Host-Pathogen Interaction
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Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp101-105 [Online Full Text]
Reoptimization of Motif Finding Problem
Jhoirene B. Clemente, Jeffrey A. Aborot, and Henry N. Adorna
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A Study on Gaze Estimation System using Cross-Channels Electrooculogram Signals
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Bimodal Biometrics for Health Care Infrastructure Security
O. A. Esan, S.M. Ngwira, and T. Zuva
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Iterative Optimal TM_Score and Z_Score Guided Sampling Significantly Improves Model Topology
Ashish Runthala, and Shibasish Chowdhury
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp123-128 [Online Full Text]
Multi-Scale Gaussian Mixtures for Cross-species Study
ZiHua Yang, Abdullatif Alwatban, Richard Everson, and Zheng Rong Yang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp129-135 [Online Full Text]
Blood Vessel Contour Estimation in Eye Fundus Image Using Fuzzy Inference for Diagnosis of Arteriosclerosis
Shota Furukawa, Eiji Uchino, Miyu Kawachi, Hideaki Misawa, and Noriaki Suetake
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp136-139 [Online Full Text]
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Characteristic of Spectral Exponent of Epileptic ECoG Data Corresponding to Levels in Wavelet-Based Fractal Analysis
Suparerk Janjarasjitt, and Kenneth A. Loparo
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The Comparison of Pronation and Supination between Typically Developing Children and Children with ADHD
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Using Software-Defined Networking for Real-Time Internet Applications
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An Algorithm for Enumerating All Maximal Tree Patterns Without Duplication Using Succinct Data Structure
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RFID-based Location Tracking System Using a Peer-to-Peer Network Architecture
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Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp181-185 [Online Full Text]
An Enhanced Evaluation Approach: Computer Science and its Framework
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Restricted Poly-Time SAT-Solvable CNF's
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A Framework for the Design of Cloud Based Collaborative Virtual Environment Architecture
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Safety Verification of Floodgate Operation Protocols Using Hybrid Automata
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M. V. Panduranga Rao, and Akhilesh Chaganti
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Virtual Network Construction with K-Shortest Path Algorithm and Prim's MST Algorithm for Robust Physical Networks
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Termination Detection for Synchronous Algorithms in P Systems
Huiling Wu
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp211-216 [Online Full Text]
A Novel Approach towards Very High Level Programming
Darshan Patel, Devashish Thakur, and Kavi Mahesh
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp217-221 [Online Full Text]
Adaptive PCA-SIFT Matching Approach for Face Recognition Application
Isra'a Abdul-Ameer Abdul-Jabbar, Jieqing Tan, and Zhengfeng Hou
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp222-226 [Online Full Text]
Multiple Link Faults Restoration Mechanism in An Enhanced EPON Architecture
Andrew Tanny Liem, I-Shyan Hwang, and AliAkbar Nikoukar
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp227-232 [Online Full Text]
Semantic Web Improved with IDF Feature of the TFIDF Algorithm
Jyoti Gautam, Ela Kumar, and Mehjabin Khatoon
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp233-239 [Online Full Text]
Techniques for Scaling Components of Web Application
Ademola Adenubi, Olanrewaju Lewis, and Bolanle Abimbola
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp240-245 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Control and Automation
Designs of Minimal-Order State Observer and Servo Controller for a Robot Arm Using Piecewise Bilinear Models
Tadanari Taniguchi, Luka Eciolaza, and Michio Sugeno
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Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp246-251 [Online Full Text]
Set-Point Manipulation Approach toward Overcoming Limitation of Closed Architectural Framework
Tan Kok Kiong, and Kyaw Ko Ko Htet
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Astaticism in the Motion Control Systems of Marine Vessels
Maria A. Smirnova, Mikhail N. Smirnov, and Tatiana E. Smirnova
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp258-261 [Online Full Text]
Computer Simulations and Experiments on Vibration Control of a Flexible Link Manipulator Using a PiezoelectricActuator
Abdul Kadir Muhammad, Barlas Raheel Khan, Shingo Okamoto, and Jae Hoon Lee
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp262-267 [Online Full Text]
Multiprogram Digital Control
Nikolay V. Smirnov, Tatiana E. Smirnova, Mikhail N. Smirnov, and Maria A. Smirnova
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp268-271 [Online Full Text]
2DOF H infinity Control for DC Motor Using Genetic Algorithms
Natchanon Chitsanga, and Somyot Kaitwanidvilai
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp272-276 [Online Full Text]
Fault Tolerance in Asynchronously Operated Machines Allowing Temporary Violation of Normal Specification
Jung-Min Yang, and Seong Woo Kwak
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp277-282 [Online Full Text]
Velocity Grid Map Approach and Its Application to Collision-Free Navigation
Tomoshi Yamashita, Jae Hoon Lee, and Shingo Okamoto
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp283-288 [Online Full Text]
An Exploration of Robot Utilization for Vehicles in Tracking Shortest Route
Mahamaya Mohanty, and Abhinav Bhardwaj
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp289-291 [Online Full Text]
Optimum Tuning of the PID Controller for Stable and Unstable Systems Using Nonlinear Optimization Technique
Fares Alariqi, and Adel Abdulrahman
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp292-296 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 8/29
Semi-passive Biped Robot using Motion Control Combining Energy and PD Controls
Toshiya Yamada, Shingo Okamoto, and Jae Hoon Lee
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp297-300 [Online Full Text]
The Method of Accounting of Bounded External Disturbances for the Synthesis of Feedbacks with Multi-purposeStructure
Mikhail N. Smirnov, Maria A. Smirnova, and Nikolay V. Smirnov
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp301-304 [Online Full Text]
The Assessment and Analysis of using a Temperature Sensor to Regulate the Automatic Gain Control of the Amplifier in aFLASH-OFDM System
Wei Chien, Hsien-Wei Tseng, Yang-Han Lee, Ying-Sen Ho, Tsai-Hua Kang, and Yu-De Liao
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp305-307 [Online Full Text]
Virtual Taxi Stand Management System
Kar Leong TEW, Jessie CAI, Elliot CHIAM, Ziheng LIN, Bernice NG, Manning ZHANG, and Steve LEE
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp308-312 [Online Full Text]
Nonlinear Adaptive Control for Wind Energy Conversion Systems Based on Quasi-ARX Neural Networks Model
Mohammad Abu Jami'in, Imam Sutrisno, and Jinglu Hu
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp313-318 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Data Mining and Applications
On a Fuzzy c-means Algorithm for Mixed Incomplete Data Using Partial Distance and Imputation
Takashi Furukawa, Shin-ichi Ohnishi, and Takahiro Yamanoi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp319-323 [Online Full Text]
Combination Features for Semantic Similarity Measure
Dat Huynh, Dat Tran, and Wanli Ma
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp324-327 [Online Full Text]
Comparing Performances of Markov Blanket and Tree Augmented Naive-Bayes on the IRIS Dataset
Haruna Chiroma, Abdulsalam Ya'u Gital, Adamu Abubakar, and Akram Zeki
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp328-331 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 9/29
Extracting Characteristics of Items Based on Patterns in Recommendation Graphs
Daisuke KITAYAMA, and Kazutoshi SUMIYA
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp332-336 [Online Full Text]
Using Decision Trees to Identify Key Factors of Keyword Advertisements
Long-Sheng Chen, and Tai-Cheng Kuo
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp337-341 [Online Full Text]
Comparison of Classification Techniques in Education Marketing
Sheila A. Abaya, Bobby D. Gerardo, and Bartolome T. Tanguilig III
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp342-345 [Online Full Text]
A Comparative Study of Algorithms for Grouping Cancer Data
Ran Qi, and Shujia Zhou
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp346-353 [Online Full Text]
Bag of Features Based Remote Sensing Image Classification Using RANSAC And SVM
Bharathi S, Karthik Kumar S, P Deepa Shenoy, Venugopal K R, L M Patnaik
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp354-359 [Online Full Text]
A New Density-based Spatial Clustering Algorithm for Extracting Attractive Local Regions in Georeferenced Documents
Tatsuhiro Sakai, Keiichi Tamura, and Hajime Kitakami
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp360-365 [Online Full Text]
IURA: An Improved User-based Collaborative Filtering Method Based on Innovators
Qianru Zheng, Chi-Kong Chan, and Horace H.S. Ip
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp366-371 [Online Full Text]
iRecruit Tool : A Marketing Application for Higher Educational Institution using C4.5 Classification Technique
Sheila A. Abaya, Bobby D. Gerardo, and Bartolome T. Tanguilig III
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp372-376 [Online Full Text]
A Discernibility Degree and Rough Set Based Classification Rule Generation Algorithm (RGD)
Honghai FENG, Hongjiang FENG, Yanyan CHEN, and Junhui HUANG
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp377-382 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 10/29
Route Recommendation Method Based on Driver's Intention Estimation Considering the Route Selection When Using theCar Navigation
Keisuke Hamada, Shinsuke Nakajima, Daisuke Kitayama, and Kazutoshi Sumiya
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp383-388 [Online Full Text]
Ratio-Type Estimators in Stratified Random Sampling using Auxiliary Attribute
R.V.K. Singh, and A. Ahmed
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp389-393 [Online Full Text]
Improved Training of Predictive ANN with Gradient Techniques
Dharminder Kumar, Sangeeta Gupta, and Parveen Sehgal
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp394-399 [Online Full Text]
A Data Cube for Mobility Observation (D3MO)
Ting Wang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp400-405 [Online Full Text]
Application of Fuzzy Logic to Multimedia Streaming Dissemination System for Vehicular Networks
Chenn-Jung Huang, Yu-Wu Wang, Chuan-Hsiang Weng, Heng-Ming Chen, and Chao-Yi Chen
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp406-413 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Imaging Engineering
Optoelectronic Pattern Recognition Based on YUV Color Model with Shifted Training Images and Liquid Crystal SpatialLight Modulator
Yuezhe Li, Chulung Chen, Yachu Hsieh, and Hsinyi Chen
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp414-416 [Online Full Text]
A Navigational Aid System for Visually Impaired Using Microsoft Kinect
Mahmud Ridwan, Ehtesham Choudhury, Bruce Poon, M. Ashraful Amin, and Hong Yan
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp417-422 [Online Full Text]
A Novel Way to Improve Facial Expression Recognition by Applying Fast Fourier Transform
Dehai Zhang, Da Ding, Jin Li, and Qing Liu
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp423-426 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 11/29
Fast and Memory Efficient 3D-DWT Based Video Encoding Techniques
V. R. Satpute, Ch. Naveen, K. D. Kulat, and A. G. Keskar
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp427-433 [Online Full Text]
Computer Based Pattern Placement Optimization on a Frame
Wikaria Gazali, and Fredy Purnomo
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp434-436 [Online Full Text]
Rope Skipping Motion Recognition System Using Kinect
Youji OCHI
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp437-440 [Online Full Text]
Face Recognition Enhancement Based on Image File Formats and Wavelet De-noising
Isra'a Abdul-Ameer Abdul-Jabbar, Jieqing Tan, and Zhengfeng Hou
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp441-445 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Internet Computing and Web Services
CB-Cloudle: A Centroid-based Cloud Service Search Engine
Shengjie Gong, and Kwang Mong Sim
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp446-451 [Online Full Text]
Serendipitous Recommendation Method based on WWW Access Log
Toshiharu Nakashima, Kenji Nakamura, and Shigeru Oyanagi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp452-456 [Online Full Text]
Why Users Leave? Discussion about Users' Switching Behaviors in Social Network Sites
Y. L. Wu, Y. H. Tao, C. M. Chung, and C. P. Li
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp457-461 [Online Full Text]
Measurement of Bloggers' Buzzword Prediction Ability Based on Analyzing Frequency of Early Mentions of PastBuzzwords
Seiya Tomonaga, Shinsuke Nakajima, Yoichi Inagaki, Reyn Nakamoto, Tsukasa Ogura, and Jianwei Zhang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp462-467 [Online Full Text]
The Less Communicated Story of Location Based Service in Retail Applications
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 12/29
Jessie Cai
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp468-472 [Online Full Text]
Inferring Intentions of Twitter Users to Visit Places
Chengcheng Zhang, Haruhiko Sato, Satoshi Oyama, and Masahito Kurihara
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp473-476 [Online Full Text]
Developing a Theory of Diagnosticity for Online Reviews
Alton Y. K. Chua, and Snehasish Banerjee
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp477-482 [Online Full Text]
Comprehensive Web Search based on Sentiment Features
Katsutoshi Minami, Shoko Wakamiya, Noriaki Hata, Yukiko Kawai, Tadahiko Kumamoto, Jianwei Zhang, and Yuhki Shiraishi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp483-488 [Online Full Text]
The Study for Selecting the WWW Service Consignment Performance of Shared Sales Resource of Publishing
Tsai-Hua Kang, Wei Chien, Jan-Ou Wu, Jian-An Sue, and Kai-Jun Zhang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp489-491 [Online Full Text]
An E-commerce Recommender System Based on Degree of Specialties in Online Shops
Motoki Zaizen, Daisuke Kitayama, and Kazutoshi Sumiya
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp492-496 [Online Full Text]
A Tool for Impact Analysis of Test Cases Based on Changes of a Web Application
Surasak Phetmanee, and Taratip Suwannasart
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp497-500 [Online Full Text]
A Linguistic Framework to Distinguish between Genuine and Deceptive Online Reviews
Snehasish Banerjee, and Alton Y. K. Chua
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp501-506 [Online Full Text]
Extraction of Naming Concepts Based on Modifiers in Recipe Titles
Akiho Tachibana, Shoko Wakamiya, Hidetsugu Nanba, and Kazutoshi Sumiya
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp507-512 [Online Full Text]
Minimizing Message Exchanges in Agent Based Cloud Service Composition
Suleiman Onimisi Aliyu, and Kwang Mong Sim
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp513-518 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 13/29
Recipe Recommendation Method by Considering the User's Preference and Ingredient Quantity of Target Recipe
Mayumi Ueda, Syungo Asanuma, Yusuke Miyawaki, and Shinsuke Nakajima
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp519-523 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Scientific Computing
Hierarchical Modelling and X-ray Analysis of Human Dentine and Enamel
Tan Sui, Michael A. Sandholzer, Nikolaos Baimpas, Alexander J.G. Lunt, Igor P. Dolbnya, Jianan Hu, Anthony D. Walmsley, Philip J. Lumley,Gabriel Landini, and Alexander M. Korsunsky
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp524-528 [Online Full Text]
Shear Properties of Graphene Containing Nitrogen Atoms and Grain Boundaries Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Shingo Okamoto, and Akihiko Ito
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp529-534 [Online Full Text]
Numerical Method for the Heat Equation with Dirichlet and Neumann Conditions
A. Cheniguel
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp535-539 [Online Full Text]
Mobile Application for Field Knowledge Data of Urban River Catchment Decision Support System
Fathoni Usman, Rohayu Che Omar, and Lariyah Mohd Sidek
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp540-544 [Online Full Text]
Computational Modeling of Honeycomb Structures with Shape Memory Alloys
Y. Toi, and J. He
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp545-550 [Online Full Text]
On Positive Definite Solutions of the Linear Matrix Equation X + A*XA = I
Sana'a A. Zarea, Salah M. El-Sayed, and Amal A. S. Al-Marshdy
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp551-557 [Online Full Text]
The Hybrid Extragradient Method for the Split Feasibility and Fixed Point Problems
Jitsupa Deepho, Wiyada Kumam, and Poom Kumam
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp558-563 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 14/29
FDM for Curved Geometries in Electrostatics II: the Minimal Algorithm
David Edwards Jr.
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp564-568 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Software Engineering
Automated Test Case Generation Considering Object States in Object-Oriented Programming
Hiroki Takamatsu, Haruhiko Sato, Satoshi Oyama, and Masahito Kurihara
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp569-573 [Online Full Text]
An Automated Testing Tool Using UI Structure
Nutharat Harnvorawong, and Taratip Suwannasart
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp574-578 [Online Full Text]
Analysis of an IIS hosted Private Cloud Web Application: Hacker's Perspective
Nilaykumar Kiran Sangani, and Nand Kumar
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp579-583 [Online Full Text]
Sequence Diagram Generation with Model Transformation Technology
Photchana Sawprakhon, and Yachai Limpiyakorn
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp584-589 [Online Full Text]
Comparing Heuristic Search Methods for Selecting Sequence of Refactoring Techniques Usage for Code Changing
Ratapong Wongpiang, and Pornsiri Muenchaisri
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp590-595 [Online Full Text]
Modeling the Mobile Application Development Lifecycle
Tejas Vithani, and Anand Kumar
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp596-600 [Online Full Text]
Change Pattern-Driven Traceability of Business Processes
Watcharin Uronkarn, and Twittie Senivongse
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp601-606 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 15/29
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Communication Systems and Applications
Information Distribution System with Distributed Reinforcement Learning for Providing Local Information
Shin'ichiro Murata, and Takuji Tachibana
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp607-611 [Online Full Text]
Z2 (Z2 + uZ2) - Linear Cyclic Codes
Taher Abualrub, Irfan Siap, and Ismail Aydogdu
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp612-613 [Online Full Text]
Accurate Bluetooth Positioning Using Large Number of Devices Measurements
Yang-Hang Lee, Kuo-Wei Ho, Hsien-Wei Tseng, Chih-Yuan Lo, Tzu-Cheng Huang, Ji-Yu Shih, and Tsai-Hua Kang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp614-616 [Online Full Text]
A SIP-based VoIP Application in Enhanced Ethernet Passive Optical Network Architecture
Lamarana Jallow, I-Shyan Hwang, AliAkbar Nikoukar, and Andrew Tanny Liem
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp617-622 [Online Full Text]
Low-PAPR Spectral Filter for Carrier Aggregated Transmission System
Hsien-Wei Tseng, Yih-Guang Jan, Yang-Han Lee, Chun-Hsiang Chan, and Tsai-Hua Kang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp623-627 [Online Full Text]
Design and Implementation of Load-Balanced Multipath Self-routing Switching System
Qian Zhan, Hui Li, Fuxing Chen, and Li Ma
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp628-633 [Online Full Text]
A Study on Security Threats and Dynamic Access Control Technology for BYOD, Smart-work Environment
Eun Byol Koh, Joohyung Oh, and Chaete Im
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp634-639 [Online Full Text]
Hybrid Content Delivery Network Mechanism for Video Streaming on Star-Ring based EPON
Zen-Der Shyu, I-Shyan Hwang, and Chun-Wei Feng
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp640-645 [Online Full Text]
People Tracking by Collaboration between a Mobile Robot and Static Laser Scanner
Keisuke Okada, Jae Hoon Lee, and Shingo Okamoto
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 16/29
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp646-651 [Online Full Text]
Managing Healthcare Records via Mobile Applications
Eileen Y.P. Li, C.T. Lau, and S. Chan
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp652-656 [Online Full Text]
Design of a Load-based DRX Scheme for Non-Real-Time Traffic in LTE
Chun-Chuan Yang, Jeng-Yueng Chen, Yi-Ting Mai, and Ching-Hsiang Liang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp657-662 [Online Full Text]
Message Transmission with User Grouping for Improving Transmission Efficiency and Reliability in Mobile SocialNetworks
Takuro Yamamoto, and Takuji Tachibana
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp663-667 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Electrical Engineering
Optimum Life Test Plans of Electrical Insulation for Thermal Stress
Hideo Hirose, Takenori Sakumura, Naoki Tabuchi, and Takeru Kiyosue
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp668-672 [Online Full Text]
2-Stage 4-Phase Switched-Capacitor Boost DC-AC Inverter with Sinusoidal PFM Control
Yuen-Haw Chang, Chin-Ling Chen, and Po-Chien Lo
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp673-678 [Online Full Text]
A Novel High Performance Nanoscaled Dopingless Lateral PNP Transistor on Silicon on Insulator
Faisal Bashir, Sajad A Loan, M. Nizamuddin, Humyra Shabir, Asim. M. Murshid, M. Rafat, Abdul Rahman M. Alamoud, and Shuja A. Abbasi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp679-682 [Online Full Text]
Analytical Study of Harmonics Issued from LED Lamp Driver
C. Jettanasen, and C. Pothisarn
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp683-686 [Online Full Text]
3D Image Control System based on Phase-coding BCI
Qiuling Yang, and Pingdong Wu
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp687-689 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 17/29
PVT Insensitive Reference Current Generation
Suhas Vishwasrao Shinde
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp690-694 [Online Full Text]
Closed-Loop Adaptive Switched-Capacitor Step-Down DC-DC Converter for Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting
Yuen-Haw Chang, and Chun-Hung Wang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp695-700 [Online Full Text]
High Performance Oxide Engineered Lateral Schottky Bipolar Transistor
Sajad A Loan, Humyra Shabir, Faisal Bashir, M. Nizamuddin, Asim. M. Murshid, Abdul Rahman Alamoud, and Shuja A Abbasi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp701-704 [Online Full Text]
Analysis of Electrical Losses in Transformers using Artificial Neural Networks
N. Suttisinthong, and C. Pothisarn
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp705-708 [Online Full Text]
Intel-22nm Squelch Yield Analysis and Optimization
Suhas Vishwasrao Shinde
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp709-716 [Online Full Text]
Traction Transformer Core Multipoint Grounded Fault On-line Monitoring System
Jie Song, Xiangning Lin, Ying Zheng, Qianwen Guo, and Jinwen Sun
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp717-720 [Online Full Text]
TBSC-TCR Compensator Simulation: A New Approach in Closed Loop Reactive Power Compensation of Dynamic Loads
Irfan Isak Mujawar, Isak Ismail Mujawar, Swapnil. D. Patil, and D. R. Patil
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp721-727 [Online Full Text]
A Design of Asynchronous Control Circuits based on SDI Model
Pitchayapatchaya Srikram, and Arthit Thongtak
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp728-732 [Online Full Text]
Review of Oscillator Phase Noise Models
Suhas Vishwasrao Shinde
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp733-740 [Online Full Text]
Using Grey Relation to FPGA Multi-Objective Task Scheduling on Dynamic Reconfigurable System
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 18/29
Jan-Ou Wu, Yang-Hsin Fan, San-Fu Wang, and Tsai-Hua Kang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp741-744 [Online Full Text]
A Review of Femtocell
O.A Akinlabi, B.S. Paul, M. Joseph, and H.C. Ferreira
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp745-751 [Online Full Text]
Two Area Load Frequency Control Using GA Tuned PID Controller in Deregulated Environment
G. Konar, K. K. Mandal, and N. Chakraborty
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp752-757 [Online Full Text]
Selection of Proper Activation Functions in Back-propagation Neural Network algorithm for Single-Circuit TransmissionLine
N. Suttisinthong, B. Seewirote, A. Ngaopitakkul, and C. Pothisarn
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp758-762 [Online Full Text]
Multiple LFM Signals Detection Method Based on Pseudo-Wigner-Ville Distribution and Binary Integration of HoughTransform
Kameliya I. Kaneva, and Zhigang Li
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp763-765 [Online Full Text]
A Novel VLSI Architecture of a Weighted Average Method based Defuzzifier Unit
Sajad A. Loan, Asim M. Murshid, Ahmed C. Shakir, Abdul Rahman Alamoud, and Shuja A. Abbasi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp766-770 [Online Full Text]
Harmonic Distortion in an Off-Grid Renewable Energy System with Different Loads
M. Hojabri, M. Hojabri, and M.S. Soheilirad
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp771-776 [Online Full Text]
EOS Protection Circuit for USB2 Transceiver
Suhas Vishwasrao Shinde
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp777-784 [Online Full Text]
Theoretical Study of Radiation Characteristics of Short Dipole Antenna
P. Banerjee, and T. Bezboruah
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp785-790 [Online Full Text]
Reconfigurable Switched-Capacitor Converter for Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV System
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 19/29
Yuen-Haw Chang, Chin-Ling Chen, and Tzu-Chi Lin
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp791-796 [Online Full Text]
Design of a Novel High Gain Carbon Nanotube based Operational Transconductance Amplifier
Sajad A Loan, M. Nizamuddin, Faisal Bashir, Humyra Shabir, Asim. M. Murshid, Abdul Rahman Alamoud, and Shuja A Abbasi
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp797-800 [Online Full Text]
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Electrical Engineering Special Session: Design, Analysis andTools for Integrated Circuits and Systems
Preface of the 2014 IAENG International Conference on Electrical Engineering Special Session: Design, Analysis andTools for Integrated Circuits and Systems
Ka Lok Man, and Nan Zhang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp801-804 [Online Full Text]
Accelerating Financial Code through Parallelisation and Source-Level Optimisation
Nan Zhang, and Ka Lok Man
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp805-806 [Online Full Text]
Parallel Computation of Value at Risk using the Delta-Gamma Monte Carlo Approach
Nan Zhang, Ka Lok Man, and Eng Gee Lim
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp807-810 [Online Full Text]
Software Risk Management Practice: Evidence From Thai Software Firms
Tharwon Arnuphaptrairong
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp811-817 [Online Full Text]
Weighted Type of Quantile Regression and its Application
Xuejun Jiang, Tian Xia, and Dejun Xie
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp818-822 [Online Full Text]
Using Coh-Metrix to Analyse Writing Skills of Students: A Case Study in a Technological Common Core CurriculumCourse
Chi-Un Lei, Ka Lok Man, and T.O. Ting
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp823-825 [Online Full Text]
NextBUS: A Bus Transportation Advisory System for Metropolis
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 20/29
Ka Lok Ho, Chak Fai Lee, Yat Fung Wong, Sheung Ting Choi, Ka Ho Cheung, Sheng-Uei Guan, Ka Lok Man, and Chi-Un Lei
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp826-829 [Online Full Text]
DERRT: Disastrous Emergency Response Robot Team for Cooperative Rescue
Nim Ying Law, Yiu Choi Kwong, Jeffrey Jun Qi Lee, Kwun Hang Kwok, Zhao Lang Lam, Yong Yue, Ka Lok Man, and Chi-Un Lei
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp830-834 [Online Full Text]
Business Buddy: Connecting You and Your Business Partners
Kenneth Kin Pong Kwok, Ho Wang Tsui, Yichen Yang, Wai Lun Chan, Ka Lok Man, and Chi-Un Lei
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp835-837 [Online Full Text]
QSC: QuickScan Calculator without Punching Buttons
Haotian Xue, Lo Yuet Chan, Ying Zhang, Hei Yeung Lau, Sai Hung Yu, Ka Lok Man, and Chi-Un Lei
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp838-841 [Online Full Text]
Unified Dynamic Resource Supply Model to Support Cyber Physical System
Yuji Dong, Kaiyu Wan, and Yong Yue
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp842-847 [Online Full Text]
Design and Implementation of Resource-Centric Web Services in Smart Grid Cyber-Physical Systems
Qian Chang, Kaiyu Wan, and Yuji Dong
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp848-853 [Online Full Text]
E-walknavi: Walk Route Navigation System For Fitness Walkers Using Calorie Consumption Prediction
Yuki Sakon, Hung-Hsuan Huang, and Kyoji Kawagoe
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp854-859 [Online Full Text]
Specification and Analysis of Null Convention Logic (NCL) Circuits Using PAFSV
Ka Lok Man, Nan Zhang, Chi-Un Lei, Eng Gee Lim, T. O. Ting, Kaiyu Wan, Jieming Ma, Tomas Krilavicius, Dawei Liu, and Yu Guo
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp860-865 [Online Full Text]
State-Space Battery Modeling for Smart Battery Management System
T. O. Ting, Ka Lok Man, Nan Zhang, Chi-Un Lei, and Chao Lu
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp866-869 [Online Full Text]
Compact Size of Textile Wearable Antenna
Eng Gee Lim, Zhao Wang, Mark Leach, Rong Zhou, Ka Lok Man, and Nan Zhang
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp870-873 [Online Full Text]
9/8/2019 Proceedings of IMECS 2014, 12-14 March, 2014, Hong Kong, IAENG Open Access Publication
www.iaeng.org/publication/IMECS2014/ 21/29
The 2014 IAENG International Conference on Engineering Physics
A Comparative Spectroscopic Study of Graphene-coated vs Pristine Li(Mn,Ni,Co) Oxide Materials for Lithium-ion BatteryCathodes
Taehoon Kim, Bohang Song, Giannantonio Cibin, Andy Dent, Lu Li, and Alexander M. Korsunsky
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp874-880 [Online Full Text]
Relationship between Eigenvalues and Size of Time Step in Computer Simulation of Thermomechanics Phenomena
Elzbieta Gawronska, and Norbert Sczygiol
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp881-885 [Online Full Text]
Effect of Point Defects on Shear Properties of Graphene Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Akihiko Ito, and Shingo Okamoto
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp886-891 [Online Full Text]
The Calculation of Axisymmetric Duct Geometries for Incompressible Rotational Flow Using a Differential EquationApproach and a Boundary Integral Formula based on Green's Theorem
Vasos Pavlika
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp892-899 [Online Full Text]
Distribution of Node-to-Node Distance in a Cubic Lattice of Binding Centers
Zbigniew Domanski, and Norbert Sczygiol
Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp900-903 [Online Full Text]
Characterizing the Effect of Processing Parameters on the Porosity of Laser Deposited Titanium Alloy Powder
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Proceedings of The International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 , pp904-908 [Online Full Text]
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International Association of Engineers
© Copyright International Association of Engineers
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol I, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong
ISBN: 978-988-19252-5-1 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
IMECS 2014
II. DYNAMIC MODELING OF WECS SYSTEM
A. Wind Speed Modeling
The power produced by a wind turbine generator (WTG)at a particular site is highly dependent on the wind regimeat that location. There is a number of ways that windspeed can and has been modeled in power system reliabilityevaluation. This method uses the ARMA model to predictwind speeds in the reliability evaluation process and isdesignated as the ARMA approach. An ARMA model with pautoregressive terms and q moving average terms is denotedas ARMA(p, q). The ARMA model created for the SwiftCurrent site in Saskatchewan, Canada based on 1996 to 2003data is shown in the following [15]:
s(t) = 1.1772s(t− 1) + 0.1001s(t− 2)− 0.3572s(t− 3)
+0.0379s(t− 4) + ν(t)− 0.5030ν(t− 1)
−0.2924ν(t− 2) + 0.1317ν(t− 3)
ν(t) ∈ (0, 0524762). (1)
The simulated wind speed at hour t, designated as V (t), canbe calculated as follows:
V (t) = µ(t) + σ(t)s(t). (2)
where µ(t) is the mean observed wind speed at hour andσ(t) is the standard deviation of the observed wind speed athour.
B. Dynamic Modeling of WECS
The power captured by a wind turbine is given by
Pm = 0.5ρπCp(λ, β)R2V 3 (3)
where ρ is the air density (typically 1.25 kg/m3), R is radiusof blades ( in meter), Cp(λ, β) is the wind-turbine powercoefficient, and V is the wind speed (in m/s). The coefficientCp(λ, β) depends on the pitch angle of the blades β (indegrees) and the tip-speed ratio λ, which is defined as theratio of the linear velocity of the blade tip (ωtR) to the windspeed V as follows:
λ =ωtR
V(4)
where ωt is the wind turbine shaft speed (in rad/s).The relation of Cp versus λ of a three-blade horizontal-
axis wind turbine for various blade pitch angles β is illus-trated in Fig. 1. The curves have been obtained by using thefollowing equation that is commonly used in wind turbinesimulators [5], [16]:
Cp(λ, β) = 0.5176(116
λi− 0.4β − 5)e−21/λi + 0.0068λ
(5)1
λi=
1
λ+ 0.008β− 0.035
β3 + 1. (6)
WECS can be structured into several interconnected sub-system models as shown in Fig. 2. This system consists ofwind turbine, a drive train, and a generation unit.
The objective of the proposed control is to maximize thepower that the turbine extracts. This can be achieved if Cpis maximized. To maximize Cp, λ must be kept constantat its optimum value , regardless of the wind speed. Fig. 3illustrates the steady-state power-speed characteristics (solid
0 5 10 150
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Tip−speed Ratio λ
Po
we
r C
oe
ffic
ien
t C
p
β=−0.9
β=−0.8
β=0
β=2
β=6
β=12
β=20
Fig. 1. Power coefficient versus tip-speed ratio, for various blade pitchangles β.
Fig. 2. Structural diagram of WECS systems.
curves) and the maximum power point curve (dashed curve)attained at each wind speed, for a blade pitch angle of 0o.The aerodynamic torque on the wind turbine rotor can beobtained using the following relationships:
Tm =Pm
ωt=
ρπCp(λ, β)R3V 2
2λ. (7)
0 1 2 3 4 5 60
0.5
1
1.5
V=6m/s
V=8m/s
V=9m/s
V=10m/s
V=11m/s
V=12m/s
Tur
bin
Out
put P
ower
Pm
[M
Wat
t]
Wind turbine speed [rad/s]
Fig. 3. Power-speed characteristics of wind turbine, for various wind speedsat pitch angle 0o.
The basic idea of the proposed MPPT technique is toretrieve the optimal rotor speed ωt (meaning the speedcorresponding to the maximum generable power) for anyinstantaneous value of the wind speed. In Fig. 2, the inputsignals coming from the turbine control system are thegenerator torque set point Tg,ref and the desired pitch angleβref . The measured outputs are assumed to be the turbinerotor speed ωt. The wind speed V is the disturbance signal
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol I, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong
ISBN: 978-988-19252-5-1 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
IMECS 2014
affecting the WECS. Its model is given as
θ = ωt − ωg (8)Jgωg(t) = Ksθ +Bsωt −Bsωg + Tg(ωg, Tg,ref )(9)Jtωt(t) = −Ksθ −Bsωt +Bsωg + Tm(β, V ) (10)
The generator torque Tg is a nonlinear function of ωg andthe control variable Tg,ref . The generator usually operatesin the linear region of its torque characteristic which can,therefore, be approximated by a linear form
Tg = Bgωg − Tg,ref . (11)
The pitch actuator is modelled as a first-order dynamicsystem with saturation in the amplitude and derivative ofthe pitch angle β as [4], [5].
β =−1
τβ +
1
τβref . (12)
It can be seen that the overall WECS model describedin (3)-(12) is nonlinear. Fig. 4 shows the block diagramof a control scheme to track the optimal rotor speed tomaximize the power that the turbine extracts. The control
Fig. 4. Block diagram of nonlinear dynamic of WECS.
system acts on the generator in order to apply the referenceelectromagnetic torque Tg,ref and on the pitch actuator inorder to control the pitch angle of the blades β. The systemparameters are given as follows [17]:Turbine and drive train parametersR=30.30m,Ks=15.66x105N/m,Bs=30.29x102N.ms/rad,Jt=83.00x104kg.m2
Generator parametersBg=15.99 N.ms/rad, Jg=5.9 kg.m2
Pitch actuatorτ=100 ms.
III. CONTROL STRATEGY
To control a given system, the controller design includestwo steps: the first step for identification and prediction ofWECS by quasi-ARX neural network model; and the secondstep for deriving and implementing control law. In Fig. 5, weshows the adaptive controller scheme based on quasi-ARXmodel. To regulate turbine speed at MPPT operating pointis performed by using blade pitch control, with generatortorque assumed to be constant.
Fig. 5. Block diagram of the MPPT controller of WECS.
A. System Identification
Through using Taylor expansion series [8], [10], nonlinearcontinuous function can be presented as
y(t) = y0 + ϕT (t)ℵ(ϕ(t)) + e(t) (13)
whereℵ(ϕ(t)) = [a(1,t) · · · a(ny,t) b(1,t) · · · b(nu,t)]
T and ϕ(t) =[−y(t − 1) · · · − y(t − ny) u(t − 1) · · ·u(t − nu)]
T areTaylor coefficients (nonlinear parameter estimation) and theinformation or input regression vector, respectively. ϕ(t) ∈Rn=nu+ny , n is the dimension of information vector, equalsto the sum of nu and ny that represent orders of time delayin input and output data. ℵ(ϕ(t)) ∈ Rn=nu+ny is a functioncalled as the core-part sub-model to parameterize the inputregression vector. e(t) and y0 are gaussian white noise addedto the system and initial condition of output, respectively.Assumption 1. The pairs of the input and output of trainingdata are bounded.Assumption 2. The input and output of nonlinear functionℵ(ϕ(t)) are bounded.
By performing Taylor expansion series, nonlinear systemis decomposed into linear correlation between the informa-tion vector and its coefficients. It is the same in form likeARX model with nonlinear coefficients. If the system islinear, then the coefficients are constant; and if the system isnonlinear, then the coefficients are not constant or nonlinear.By putting nonlinear function into its coefficients, quasi-linear ARX model is defined as follows,
y(t, ϕ(t)) = b(1,t)u(t− 1) + · · ·+ b(nu,t)u(t− nu)
− a(1,t)y(t− 1)− · · · − a(ny,t)y(t− ny). (14)
The system identification are performed by quasi-ARX neu-ral network model is shown in Fig. 6. The embedded of MLPnetwork of quasi-ARX model has input dimension of ϕ(t) isequal to n, the number of hidden layer is m and the numberof output layer is n. The quasi-ARX incorporating neuralnetwork can be expressed as,
y(t, ϕ(t)) = ϕT (t)ℵ(ϕ(t)) (15)ℵ(ϕ(t)) = W2ΓW1(ϕ(t) +B) + θ. (16)
where Ω = W1,W2, B, θ,W1 ∈ Rmxn,W2 ∈ Rnxm, B ∈Rmx1 are the weights matrix the first and the second layer.θ ∈ Rnx1 is the bias vector of output nodes, and Γ isthe diagonal nonlinear operator with identical sigmoidalelements on hidden nodes.
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol I, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong
ISBN: 978-988-19252-5-1 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
IMECS 2014
Fig. 6. Quasi-ARX neural network with MLP network as embeddedsystems.
If model in (15) satisfies to mapping the input-output of thesystem, and Assumption 1. and Assumption 2. are fulfilled,then we can estimate the output of the system at time (t+d).The equation (15) is regressed at time (t + d) to calculatethe output at d step ahead prediction, described as,
y(t+ d, ϕ(t+ d)) = b(1,t+d)u(t+ d− 1) + · · ·+b(nu,t+d)u(t− nu + d)− a(1,t+d)y(t− 1 + d)
− · · · − a(ny,t+d)y(t− ny + d) (17)
where, ϕ(t + d) = [y(t + d − 1) y(t + d − 2) · · · y(t + d −ny) u(t+ d− 1) u(t+ d− 2) · · ·u(t+ d− nu)]
T , for onlinestep ahead prediction d is equal to one.
The learning algorithm for quasi-ARX model is per-formed by the back propagation error algorithm for em-bedded MLP network and LSE algorithm for the toupdate θ. Let we introduce two sub-models zl(k) =y(t, ϕ(t))−ϕ(t)[W2(k)ΓW1(k)(ϕ(t)+B(k))]T , and zn(k) =y(t, ϕ(t)) − ϕ(t)θ(k)T , and k is the learning number. Thestep of learning algorithm of quasi-ARX neural network isdescribed by,
1) set k = 0 for initial conditions, θ(k) = 0; and smallinitial values to W1(k), W2(k), and B(k), then setk = 1, where k is the learning number.
2) calculate zl(k), then estimate θ(k) for by using a least-squares error algorithm.
3) calculate zn(k), then estimate W1(k), W2(k), andB(k). It is realized by using the well-known back-propagation (BP) algorithm.
4) use the (16) to update ℵ(k, ϕ(t))5) stop if pre-specified conditions are met and update
ℵ(ϕ(t)) by using ℵ(k, ϕ(t)), otherwise go to Step 2,and repeat the estimation of θ(k), and W1(k), W2(k),and B(k), set k = k + 1.
B. Controller Design
The quasi-ARX prediction model is improved to guaranteesystem stability expressed by
y(t, ϕ(t)) = ϕT (t)ℵ(ϕ(t), χ(t)) (18)ℵ(ϕ(t), χ(t)) = χ(t)W2ΓW1(ϕ(t) +B) + θ. (19)
where W2ΓW1(ϕ(t) +B) is nonlinear part, θ is linear part.Obviously, through introducing the switching function χ(t),the improved quasi-ARX neural network model is differentfrom the conventional quasi-ARX model. When χ(t) = 1, it is
a nonlinear prediction model which can insure the predictionaccuracy. And when χ(t) = 0, it is a linear prediction modelwhich can insure the control stability [18].
The linear part error and nonlinear part error, respectivelyis defined as follows :
e1(t) = y(t+ d)− ϕ(t+ d)T θ. (20)e2(t) = y(t+ d)− ϕ(t+ d)ℵ(ϕ(t+ d)). (21)
The switching criterion function are described as follows:
Ji(t) =t∑
l=k
ai(l)(∥ei(l)∥2 − 42)
2(1 + ai(l)ϕ(l − k)Tϕ(l − k)
+ ct∑
l=t−N+1
(1− ai(l)∥ei(l)∥2), i = 1, 2 (22)
χ(t) =
1, if J1(t) > J2(t)0, otherwise (23)
The value of is determined by designer where ≤ϕ(t)ℵ(ϕ(t)). The detail of switching technique and its sta-bility analysis refer to [18].
A minimum variance controller is used for WECS, defineas follows,
M(t+ 1) =
(1
2(y(t+ d)− y∗(t+ d))2 +
λ
2u(t)2
)(24)
where λ is a weight of control input, the controller can beobtained by solving,
∂M(t+ 1)
∂u= 0 (25)
In the case where a conventional neural network is used asa prediction model, a controller can not be derived directlyfrom an identified model because of the nonlinearities. How-ever, the quasi-ARX neural network model is linear in theinput variable u(t). Therefore, a controller is derived fromthe proposed model [8], [18]:
u(t) =b1(t)
b21(t) + λ((b1(t)− b(q−1, ϕ(t))q)u(t− 1)
+ y∗(t+ 1)− a(q−1, ϕ(t))y(t)) (26)
IV. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposedMPPT control strategy, the control action is to arrange bladepitch ratio β to track angular velocities of turbine operating inMPPT point. The pitch angle command signal is determinedby the wind speed and pitch angle. Wind speed is generatedby ARMA model with the mean observed wind speed ofµ(t) = 12 m/s and the standard deviation of the observedwind speed of σ(t) = 1.5. The results of simulation in detailare shown in Fig. 7 - Fig. 13. In order to obtain maximumoutput power from a wind turbine generator system, it isnecessary to drive the wind turbine at an optimal rotor speedfor a particular wind speed.
The kernel of MIMO multi layer parceptron neural net-works has one hidden layer, nu=3, ny=4, and m=nu+ny=7.The parameter of switching criterion c=1.2 and N=3. Fig. 7and Fig. 8 illustrate the WECS response in the MPPToperating point. Before t = 0s,V = 12.48m/s, MPPTpower tracking 1.45MW , β = 0deg, angular velocity
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol I, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong
ISBN: 978-988-19252-5-1 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
IMECS 2014
0 5 10 15 20 25 308
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16Wind velocity (m/s)
Time (sec)
Fig. 7. Wind speed.
0 5 10 15 20 25 300.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
MPPT Power (MWatt)
Time (sec)
Fig. 8. MPPT aerodynamic power.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30−0.05
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
Co
ntr
ol s
ign
al
β (r
ad
)
Time (sec)
Fig. 9. Control signal.
0 5 10 15 20 25 301
2
3
4
5
6
7
Rotor speed
tracking (rad/s)
Time (sec)
Fig. 10. Trajectory of ωt of minimum variance controller with switchingbased quasi-ARX model.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30−1
−0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
Ro
tor
spe
ed
tra
ckin
g e
rro
r (r
ad
/s)
Time (sec)
Fig. 11. Tracking error of turbine angular velocity.
0 5 10 15 20 25 30−0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Sw
itch
ing
Time (sec)
Fig. 12. Switching sequance.
0 5 10 15 20 25 300.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
RMS
Time (sec)
Fig. 13. RMS error versus time.
ωt = 4.12rad/s. When the wind speed change to decreaseor increase the MPPT power also should be change in orderto keep maximum operating point of WECS with arrangeturbine rotor speed ωt by controlling blade pitch ratio β.Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 shows the control signal and wind turbinerotor speed tracking. The dot dash line denotes the output ofsystem using proposed method and solid line denotes rotorspeed reference ωt in MPPT operating point, respectively.
The tracking error of turbine rotor speed is shown inFig. 11. Switching function between nonlinear and linear partto keep system stability and control accuracy is shown inFig. 12. The performance of the proposed controller is alsomeasured by the rooted mean squared (RMS) error indexversus time shown in Fig. 13 defined as,
RMS =
√∑Nt=1(y
∗(t)− y(t))2
t(27)
where y∗(t) is the reference signal and y(t) is the controlledsystem output.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, quasi-ARX neural network model is used toidentification and prediction nonlinear system. The controllerdesign is derived from the proposed model with switchingfunction to keep system stability. Switching law a made bylogical signal 0 for linear part and 1 for nonlinear part,as we know quasi-ARX neural network model is dividedinto two part; nonlinear and linear. The quasi-ARX modelalso has good properties, it is used to modeling a systeminto linear correlation between regression vector and itscoefficients, so it is easy to derive the controller law by usinglocal linear properties in nonlinear system such as minimumvariance controller. By using minimum variance controllerwith switching law, the proposed model successfully is usedto track maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of WECS.
Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol I, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong
ISBN: 978-988-19252-5-1 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
IMECS 2014
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This research has been supported by Indonesian Gov-ernment Scholarship with Directorate General of HigherEducation, Ministry of National Education, (Beasiswa LuarNegeri DIKTI Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Re-publik Indonesia) and Shipbuilding Institute of PolytechnicSurabaya (Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya).
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Proceedings of the International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2014 Vol I, IMECS 2014, March 12 - 14, 2014, Hong Kong
ISBN: 978-988-19252-5-1 ISSN: 2078-0958 (Print); ISSN: 2078-0966 (Online)
IMECS 2014