9.4 naming & writing acids chapter 9. 9.4 naming & writing formulas for acids acid – a...
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9.4 Naming & Writing Acids
Chapter 9
9.4 Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids
Acid – a compound that has one or more hydrogen atoms and produces hydrogen ions (H+) in solution
The basic formula is
Three rules for naming
1. When the anion (X) does not have Oxygen in it
a. The name begins with hydro
b. The anion’s name ends in –ic
c. And the word acid is added to the end
HnX
HClHydro ClHydrochloricHydrochloric Acid
Starter S-78
Name
A. N2O3
B. SO3
C. HF
Give the Formula
A. Dihydrogen monoxide
B. Carbon Monoxide
9.4 Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids
2. When the anion (X) does have Oxygen and the polyatomic ion ends in -ite
a. Use the name of the anion, but change the ending to –ous
b. Add the word acid
H2SO3SulfurousSulfurous Acid
9.4 Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids
3. When the anion (X) does have Oxygen and the polyatomic ion ends in -ate
a. Use the name of the anion, but change the ending to –ic
b. Add the word acid
H2SO4SulfuricSulfuric Acid
Oxygen?NO YES
--ous acid
Ending of Polyatomic Ion?
-ite -ateHydro—ic acid
--ic acid
9.3 Naming & Writing Molecular Compounds
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
HClO3Chloric Acid
HCNHydrocyanic Acid
HNO3Nitric Acid
HClO2Chlorous Acid
9.4 Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids
To write the formulas, we go backwards through our list
Acids always have an H+ ion
Hydro means no Oxygen – so Fluoric means Fluoride
Hydrofluoric Acid
Oxygen?NO YES
--ous acid
Ending of Polyatomic Ion?
-ite -ateHydro—ic acid
--ic acid
H+ Hydrofluoric AcidH+ F-HF
9.4 Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids
To write the formulas, we go backwards through our list
Acids always have an H+ ion
ous means the ion ended in ite, so phosphite
Phosphorous Acid
Oxygen?NO YES
--ous acid
Ending of Polyatomic Ion?
-ite -ateHydro—ic acid
--ic acid
H+ Phosphorous AcidH+ PO3-3H3PO3
9.4 Naming & Writing Formulas for Acids
To write the formulas, we go backwards through our list
Acids always have an H+ ion
ic means the ion ended in ate, so phosphate
Phosphoric Acid
Oxygen?NO YES
--ous acid
Ending of Polyatomic Ion?
-ite -ateHydro—ic acid
--ic acid
H3PO4
9.3 Naming & Writing Molecular Compounds
Example 1
Example 2
Example 3
Example 4
Hydroiodic AcidHI
Acetic AcidHC2H3O2
Hypochlorous AcidHClO
Carbonic AcidH2CO3
9.5 The Laws Governing Formulas and Names
Chapter 9
9.5 The Laws Governing Formulas and Names
The Law of Definite Proportions – in any chemical compound, the masses of the elements are always in the same proportion
The ratio of this molecule is always
Or (Same Ratio)
Carbon:Hydrogen2.98:1:001:00:0.34
9.5 The Laws Governing Formulas and Names
The Law of Multiple Proportions – Whenever the same two elements form multiple compounds, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole numbers
Huh?
For example one compound
A second compound might be
The ratio of the two masses would be
5 :10gA gA5g A2g B
10g A2g B1: 2