• 9.4

Electrical signals

allows atria to empty completely before ventricles contract

stimulates ventricles to contract from bottom to top, driving blood into arteries

• heart pumping controlled by electrical impulses • signal also transmitted to skin = EKG

P wave

Q

R

S

T wave

QRS Complex

• Basic ECG Rhythm Strips - YouTube

Cardiac cycle

systolic________diastolic

pump (peak pressure)_________________fill (minimum pressure)

• 1 complete sequence of pumping– heart contracts & pumps– heart relaxes & chambers fill – contraction phase

• systole• ventricles pumps blood out

– relaxation phase• diastole• atria refill with blood

110____

70

Measurement of blood pressure

• High Blood Pressure (hypertension)– if top number (systolic pumping) > 150

– if bottom number (diastolic filling) > 90

• 9.4

pump (peak pressure)_________________fill (minimum pressure)

Cardiac CycleHow is this reflected in blood pressure measurements?

chambers fill

ventriclesfill

ventriclespump

systolic________diastolic

110________80

Lymphatic system• Parallel circulatory system

– transports white blood cells• defending against infection

– collects interstitial fluid & returns to blood• maintains volume & protein

concentration of blood• drains into circulatory system

near junction of vena cava & right atrium

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BX8fBlme9vQ

Lymph systemProduction of white blood cells & traps “foreign” invaders

2nd “circulatory” system lymph node

lymph vessels(intertwined amongst blood vessels)

Problems with the Circulatory system• High Blood Pressure: also called Hypertension

– when arteries are too narrow for easy blood movement.– Can cause damage to organs and in some cases a blood vessel

bursts causing a stroke.– Medications, diet, exercise can help prevent/treat high blood

pressure – High blood pressure is often referred to as the “silent killer”

because there are usually no symptoms.• -Blood pressure should average 120 / 80 (slightly lower for youth).

Cardiovascular disease• Atherosclerosis & Arteriosclerosis

– deposits inside arteries (plaques) • develop in inner wall of the arteries,

narrowing their channel

– increase blood pressure – increase risk of heart attack, stroke, kidney damage

normal artery hardening of arteries

• Atherosclerosis – is a condition where there is a build up of plaque (fat – like substances) in your arteries reducing the amount of blood supply to the body.

• Atherosclerosis – YouTube• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmlHydYGQBQ&feature=related• Angina – coronary blood vessels narrow causing the the heart

muscle to not receive enough blood, resulting in chest pain. • It occurs when the blood flow to the heart is enough for normal

needs, but not enough when the heart’s needs increase such as during physical exercise, stress, or extreme temperatures.

• often treated with Nitroglycerine patches or spray.

• Heart Disease Animation - YouTube

• Cholesterol: fatlike chemical found in food. It can coat the inside of arteries, narrows, causing high blood pressure.

• Heart Attack: when part of the heart muscle dies. This is from blood vessels that lead to the heart become narrow or blocked so oxygen and food can not travel to the cells.

• Stroke – similar to a heart attack but the arteries to the brain become blocked interfering with the blood supply to the brain causing a “Brain Attack”

• Heart Attack Symptoms- Signs of a Heart Attack- Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack – YouTube

• How to recognize a heart attack - YouTube

Cardiovascular healthbypass surgery

• Risk Factors– genetics– diet

• high animal fat

– exercise & lifestyle• smoking• lack of exercise

What are the risk factors for heart attack and stroke?

• The "uncontrollable" risk factors are:– Age (the risk increases with age)

– Gender (men develop CAD 10 years earlier than women)

– Family history (genetic predisposition and common lifestyles increase risk)

– Race (incidence is greater in some groups of African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans, native American Indians,)

The “Controllable” Risk Factors• Smoking

• High blood pressure

• High blood cholesterol(Triglyceride level most important- ratio of good and bad cholesterol)

• High blood sugar (diabetes)

• Obesity and overweight

• Physical inactivity

• Stress

What can you do to Keep your Circulatory System Healthy?

• avoid tobacco smoke• monitor high blood pressure• Healthy Diet ( eat food low in

cholesterol and saturated fats)• Exercise • maintain a healthy weight• have regular Check-Up’s with Doctor

• Options for heart patients are bypasses, transplant, artificial hearts (temporary).

• -Why do some patients take one Aspirin per day?

Coronary artery bypass

bypass surgery

Warning Signs of a Heart Attack!

• Heart attack symptoms– Men's typical symptoms: Chest pain and sweats – Women's symptoms are subtle and easily-missed—Use

the word LIFE to remember • L: Left pain—arm/shoulder/jaw/shoulder blade • I: Indigestion/nausea • F: Fatigue/sleeplessness • E: Exertion/short of breath

Warning Signs of a Stroke!

• Stroke symptoms – numbness in face, arm, or leg (one or  both

sides of body) – confusion – trouble speaking, seeing, or walking – severe headache

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pB3J2p6aPjY