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9 The diagram shows a section through the heart of a mammal

B

A

C

(a) Name the parts labelled A B and C

A

B

C (3)

(b) Each time the heart beats the atria contract first and then the ventricles contract Explain how this sequence of events is coordinated

(4)

(Total 7 marks)

9 (a) A right atrium [accept right auricle]

B (pulmonary) semilunar valve

C mitral biscupid (left) av valve 3

(b) 1 Reference to pacemaker SA node SAN

2 (Wave of) excitation eq in (walls) of atria

3 Causes contraction of (muscle in) atria (walls)

4 Delay at AV node AVN

5 Conducted to ventricles via bundles of His Purkyne fibres max 4[7]

23 The diagram below shows cross-sections of three different types of blood vessel A B and C

A B C

5 m m 5 m m 0 0 05 m m

(a) Name the blood vessels A and B

A

B (1)

23 (a) A is an artery named artery and B is a vein named vein 1

24 The graph below shows changes in the blood pressure in the aorta and the left ventricle during two complete cardiac cycles

2 0

1 5

1 0

5

00 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8

T im e s

P res su re k P a

A o rtic p ressu re

L e ftv e n tric u la rp re s su re

(a) On the graph draw an arrow to show when the left atrioventricular (mitral) valve closes

(1)

(b) Use the information in the graph to calculate the heart rate Show your working

Answer (2)

(c) During the cardiac cycle the pressure in the left ventricle falls to a much lower level than in the aorta Suggest an explanation for this difference

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip





helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip(3)

(d) During the cardiac cycle the pressure in the right ventricle rises to a maximum of about 33 kPa Suggest reasons for the difference between this pressure and the maximum pressure in the left ventricle







(Total 9 marks)

24 (a) Arrow drawn between point where ventricular pressure curvestarts to rise and where curve cuts 5 kPa line 1

(b) 60 divide 10 [accept equivalent calculations]= 60 beats per minute [accept range 60 to 64] 2

(c) Reference to closure of semilunar valve Elasticity eq of aorta wall Recoil (in aorta) maintains pressure Reference to refilling relaxation of ventricle 3

(d) Right ventricle pumps blood to lungs Left ventricle pumps blood all around the body Correct reference to relative thickness of ventricular walls Correct reference to pressure in relation to lungs body eg more pressure needed to pump blood round body converse OR less resistance to blood flow in lungs converse 3

[9]

34 Explain what is meant by each of the following terms

(a) The cardiac cycle

(3)

(b) Coronary circulation

(3)

(Total 6 marks)

34 (a) 1 Rhythmic sequence (of events) in each heart beat

2 Initiated controlled by pacemaker SAN (sinoatrial node)

3 Reference to atrial systole contraction

4 Reference to ventricular systole contraction

5 (complete) diastole relaxation (of heart)

[points 3 to 5 must be in sequence] 3

(b) Coronary artery

From aorta

Supplies blood oxygen glucose nutrients named nutrient to heartmuscle tissue myocardium correct reference to removal of wasteproducts named waste product by coronary circulation

Returns to right atrium coronary sinus cardiac veins 3[6]

36 The diagram below shows an outline of the double circulation in a mammal

(a) Name the chambers of the heart labelled A and B

A

B

(2)

(b) Name the organ in which the capillaries labelled C would be found

(1)

(c) The heart maintains a high pressure of oxygenated blood in the arteries to the bodyExplain how a double circulation is important in bringing this about

(3)

(d) The photomicrograph below shows a transverse section through blood vessels

(i) Give the names of the two types of blood vessel D and E

D

E

(1)

(ii) Describe one characteristic feature that you used to identify D

(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2

(b) Lung [however qualified] 1

(c) 1 Reference to narrow extremely long capillaries

2 Reference to blood in the lungs reference to oxygenation ofblood

3 Results in low pressure loss of pressure of blood(when it emerges from the lungs)

4 Not enough pressure to get through rest ofcapillary network the body

5 Pumping the blood again raises restores lost pressureOR provides extra boost of pressure reference to

second pump

6 Higher pressure in systemic circulation lower pressure inpulmonary circulation 3

(d) (i) DarteryANDE vein 1

(ii) Thick (muscular) wall layerORRounded shape lumenORSmaller lumen 1

[8]

60 The diagrams below show a pig (a mammal) and a flatworm (a small pond animal)

times005 times5

(a) Explain why a pig has a heart and circulatory system whereas a flatworm does not

(2)

(b) The diagram below shows a cross-section of a mammalian heart The positions of the valves are shown by the four circles

(i) On the diagram indicate whether each valve is open or closed during ventricular systole (contraction of the ventricles) by writing lsquoopenrsquo or lsquoclosedrsquo on the lines provided Do not draw the valves

(2)

(ii) Indicate the position of the sino-atrial node (pacemaker) by drawing a cross on the diagram

(1)

(iii) State the role of the sino-atrial node

(1)

(c) Suggest two advantages of the coronary artery branching directly off the aorta

1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)

60 (a) Flatworm has a large surface area volume ratio converseDiffusion sufficient effective for flatwormrsquosneeds eq converse Mammalhas higher metabolic rate is warm blooded eq converse 2

(b) (i) Top two open Bottom two closed 2

(ii) X drawn anywhere in the right atrium 1

(iii) Pacemaker sets rhythm of heart initiates cardiac cycle eq 1

(c) Blood at high pressure High concentration of oxygen eq Highconcentration of glucose eq 2

[8]

69 The diagram below shows the structure of the heart and some associated blood vessels


A

B

C

(2)

(b) Describe how the structure of the left ventricle and the parts labelled B and C enablethe left ventricle to carry out its function

(4)

69 (a) A Aortic semi lunar SL valve

B Aorta aortic arch

C Atrio-ventricutar AV bicuspid mitral valve 2

(b) 1 Valves named valve C close

2 (To) prevent backflow (of blood)

3 Reference to contraction systole of ventricle

4 Thick (muscular) wall more muscle

5 Provides high pressure force eq

6 To pump blood through systemic circulation round body eq

7 Reference to elasticity of aorta B (to accommodate blood expelledfrom ventricle) eq 4

80 The diagram below represents the sequence of stages during one complete cardiac cycle

(a) Name Stage B

(1)

(b) Describe what is happening in the heart during complete cardiac diastole

(2)

(c) Describe how cardiac muscle is supplied with oxygen

(3)(Total 6 marks)

80 (a) Ventricular systole 1

(b) 1 Relaxation of atria and ventricles

2 Reduces pressure (inside heart) eq

3 Refilling eq

4 AV valves are open

(c) 1 Correct reference to the coronary circulation

2 Via the coronary artery

3 From the aorta

4 Reference to capillaries (within) cardiac muscles

5 Reference to red blood cells haemoglobin carrying releasingoxygen 3

[6]

111 The diagrams below show the left side of the heart at two stages of the cardiac cycle

D iag ram A D iag ram B

X

(a) (i) Name structure X shown on the diagram

X

(1)

(ii) Name the part of the cardiac cycle illustrated by diagram B

(1)

(iii) With reference to structures shown on diagram B describe and explain what happens during this phase of the cardiac cycle

(3)

111 (a) (i) semilunar aortic valve 1

(ii) ventricular systole 1

130 The figure below shows a simplified diagram of the heart

(i) Draw arrows on the diagram to show the direction of blood flow through both sides of the heart during diastole

(1)

(ii) Name the part of the heart responsible for the initiation of the cardiac cycle

(1)

(Total 2 marks)

130 (i) arrows moving from direction of veins through the atria towardsventricles on both sides 1

(ii) sinoatrial node SAN pacemaker 1[2]

144 (a) The diagram below shows a ventral (front) external view of a mammalian heart

X

Y

Z

(i) Name the structures labelled X Y and Z

X

Y

Z (3)

(ii) There are four boxes on the heart diagram Place a tick (1048633) in the box that correctly identifies the position where electrical activity of the heart is initiated

(1)

(iii) Name the structure that initiates electrical activity in the heart

(1)

(b) Blood pressure within the heart varies throughout the cardiac cycle

(i) Explain what is meant by the term cardiac cycle

(2)

(ii) The table below shows the range of blood pressures found in the left ventricle and in the right ventricle during one complete cardiac cycle

Ventricle Blood pressure kPa

Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158

Explain why the maximum blood pressure is higher in the left ventricle than in the right ventricle

(2)

(iii) Explain why blood pressure varies in a ventricle during the cardiac cycle

(2)

(c) Apart from high blood pressure state two other risk factors for heart disease

(1)

(Total 12 marks)

144 (a) (i) X = aorta aortic arch

Y = (left) ventricle cardiac muscle

Z = coronary artery eq 3

(ii) second box down on the left 1

(iii) SAN sino atrial node pacemaker eq 1

(b) (i) 1 sequence of events from one beat to the next beat eq

2 reference to contraction systole and relaxation diastole

3 correct detail of sequence eg atrial systole rarr ventricularsystole rarr diastole approx 30 of time spent in systoleand 70 in diastole

4 correct detail of electrical regulation of cardiac cycleeq max 2

(ii) 1 left ventricle has more thicker muscle eq

2 blood from (left ventricle) has to divide between morecapillaries eq

3 left ventricle has to pump blood further eq max 2

(iii) 1 pressure increases as blood forced into ventricle duringatrial systole

2 pressure increases during (initial) ventricular systoleeq

3 (due to) reducing volume of ventricle (causing pressureincrease)

4 pressure starts to decrease due to blood into artery lossof blood from ventricle

5 decreases during diastole eq

6 (due to) increasing volume (of chamber) max 2

(iii) A description and an explanation to include three from

1 ventricles contract

2 atrioventricular(AV) valves dose

3 semilunar valves open eq

4 due to higher pressure in ventricles

5 compared to (atria artery

6 blood passes into aorta artery) 3

154 The photograph (below left) shows sections of two blood vessels labelled A and B The diagram (below right) shows a human heart with two of the blood vessels numbered 1 and 2

CNRIScience photo library

(a) Two of these vessels are arteries and two are veins Place a tick in the box on the right of the table below that correctly identifies the row showing which two vessels are arteries and which two are veins

Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1

(b) Blood moves towards the heart in veins Describe how blood is moved through veins

(3)

(c) Capillaries are involved in the exchange of materials between the blood and the surrounding body tissues Give two structural features of a capillary that enable it to exchange materials rapidly between the blood and the surrounding body tissues

1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)

154 (a) right-hand 1st box down 1

(b) 1 (skeletal) muscle contracts eq

2 squeezes vein named vein

3 blood forced in both directions (away from squeezedarea) eq

4 (one way) valves present (in veins)

5 one way flow prevent backflow eq

6 reference to role of thorax eg pressure changes duringinspiration expiration breathing

7 lower pressure in heart atria during diastole eq max 3

(c) 1 squamous pavement flattened thin eq cell endothelium

2 (only) one cell thick

3 small lumen present (capillary) small diameter

4 pores present gaps present eq max 2[6]

158 (a) During ventricular systole blood is forced out of the heart

Place a tick in the box ( ) below the column that correctly identifies three features that occur during ventricular systole

Three features

Atrioventricular valves closed open open closed

SAN pacemaker active not active active not active

Ventricular bloodpressure

lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria

Place your tick in oneof these four boxes

(1)

(b) (i) When a doctor takes the blood pressure of a patient two values are found such as 11075 (110 over 75) Which value is the systolic pressure

(1)

(ii) Hypertension is a consistently and abnormally high blood pressure Give two factors that increase the risk of having hypertension

1

2

(2)

(c) It has been shown that for men aged 40 to 50 years old each rise of 10 units in their systolic blood pressure increases the risk of heart disease by 20

(i) Calculate the increased risk of heart disease in a 40 year old man with a systolic blood pressure 50 units higher than the average for his age

Answer (1)

(ii) Explain the meaning of the figure you have calculated in (c)(i)

(1)(Total 6 marks)

158 (a) far right-hand box 1

(b) (i) 110 first one higher one eq 1

(ii) 1 high salt intake in diet eq

2 high (saturated) fat cholesterol LDL eq intake in diet eq

3 high alcohol intake

4 smoking

5 stress

6 hardening of arteries atherosclerosis eq

7 old age

8 inherited trait eq

9 obesity overweight

10 lack of exercise eq max 2

(c) (i) 100 1

(ii) twice as times2 more 100 more likely to have heart disease eq 1[6]

162 The diagram below shows an external view of the heart

(a) Name the blood vessels labelled W X Y and Z

W

X

Y

Z (2)

(b) Describe and explain the events that occur during ventricular systole in the cardiac cycle

(4)

(c) The hypothesis that higher concentrations of caffeine will increase heart rate can be investigated practically using Daphnia (water fleas)

Describe a reliable procedure that could be used to test this hypothesis

(6)

(Total 12 marks)

162 (a) W = coronary arteries

X = aorta

Y = (left) pulmonary artery

Z = pulmonary vein

4 correct = 2 marks2 or 3 correct = 1 mark0 or 1 correct = 0 marks 2

(b) Award one mark for each of the following points incontext to a maximum of four

1 ventricle (muscle) contracts

2 higher pressure in ventricles relative to atria

3 (pressure) closes atrioventricular valve

4 higher pressure in ventricles relative to the aorta pulmonary artery arteries

5 (pressure) opens the semilunar valve

6 blood forced into the aorta pulmonary artery arteries Max 4

(c) Award one mark for each of the following points in context toa maximum of three

1 place Daphnia on cavity slide eq with caffeine

2 (focus on heart) using microscope

3 ref to range of caffeine concentrations

4 ref to repeats

5 ref to water as control zero caffeine concentration Max 3

Award one mark for each of the following points in context toa maximum of three

1 control temperature

2 reference to similar organisms used

3 accurate measurement of DV

4 reference to pretreatment Max 3[12]

163 (a) Blood vessels can be distinguished by their structure The table shows some structural features for three blood vessels P Q and R

Structural feature P Q R

Endothelium present

Small lumen relative to the thicknessof the walls

Many elastic fibres present

Valves present

Identify the blood vessels P Q and R

P

Q

R

(3)

(b) The diagram below shows changes in blood pressure as blood flows from the arteries to the veins

A RT E R IE S A RT E R IO L E S C A P IL L A R IE S V E N U L E S V E IN S

direction o f b lood flo w throu gh c ircu lation

Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2

The blood pressure at point A is 105 kPa and the blood pressure at point B is 25 kPaCalculate the percentage decrease in the pressure as blood flows from A to B

Answer kPa(2)

(c) Explain the changes in blood pressure

(i) in the arteries

(ii) in the capillaries

(2)(Total 7 marks)

163 (a) P aorta Accept pulmonary artery 1Q vena cava Accept any named vein 1R capillary 1

(b) Correct answer (with or without working) = 2 marksAnswer 76(2)

Correct working with incorrect answer = 1 mark105 ndash 25 or 8 seen 2

(c) (i) (pulses) due to elastic recoileq general drop due tofriction dividing into more vessels 1

(ii) (pressure drop) due to large volume of capillary network friction between blood cells and walls of capillary 1

[7]


A

B

C (3)

(b) Each time the heart beats the atria contract first and then the ventricles contract Explain how this sequence of events is coordinated

(4)

(Total 7 marks)










A B C

5 m m 5 m m 0 0 05 m m


A

B (1)



2 0

1 5

1 0

5

00 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8

T im e s

P res su re k P a

A o rtic p ressu re



(1)


Answer (2)















(Total 9 marks)





[9]



(3)


(3)

(Total 6 marks)







(b) Coronary artery

From aorta





A

B

(2)


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]










A B C

5 m m 5 m m 0 0 05 m m


A

B (1)



2 0

1 5

1 0

5

00 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8

T im e s

P res su re k P a

A o rtic p ressu re



(1)


Answer (2)















(Total 9 marks)





[9]



(3)


(3)

(Total 6 marks)







(b) Coronary artery

From aorta





A

B

(2)


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]

2 0

1 5

1 0

5

00 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8

T im e s

P res su re k P a

A o rtic p ressu re



(1)


Answer (2)















(Total 9 marks)





[9]



(3)


(3)

(Total 6 marks)







(b) Coronary artery

From aorta





A

B

(2)


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]















(Total 9 marks)





[9]



(3)


(3)

(Total 6 marks)







(b) Coronary artery

From aorta





A

B

(2)


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


[9]



(3)


(3)

(Total 6 marks)







(b) Coronary artery

From aorta





A

B

(2)


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(b) Coronary artery

From aorta





A

B

(2)


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(1)


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(3)



D

E

(1)


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(1)(Total 8 marks)

36 (a) Right atrium

B Left ventricle 2







second pump




[8]


times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]

times005 times5


(2)



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]



(2)


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


1

2

(2)

(Total 8 marks)






[8]



A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


A

B

C

(2)


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(4)


B Aorta aortic arch










(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(a) Name Stage B

(1)


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(2)


(3)(Total 6 marks)




3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]



3 Refilling eq




3 From the aorta



[6]



X


X

(1)


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(1)


(3)





(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(1)


(1)

(Total 2 marks)




X

Y

Z


X

Y

Z (3)


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(1)


(1)



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]



(2)



Right 00 to 33

Left 00 to 158


(2)


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(2)


(1)

(Total 12 marks)





























Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]






















Arteries Veins

A and 1 B and 2

A and 2 B and 1

B and 1 A and 2

B and 2 A and 1


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


(3)


1

2

(2)

(Total 6 marks)















Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]








Three features




lower thanatria

lower thanatria

higher thanatria

higher thanatria


(1)


(1)


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]


1

2

(2)



Answer (1)


(1)(Total 6 marks)






4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]




4 smoking

5 stress


7 old age




(c) (i) 100 1




W

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]

X

Y

Z (2)


(4)



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]



(6)

(Total 12 marks)


X = aorta


Z = pulmonary vein













4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]








4 ref to repeats









Endothelium present



Valves present


P

Q

R

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]

(3)




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]




Blo

od p

ress

ure

kPa

A

B

0

2

4

6

8

1 0

1 2


Answer kPa(2)


(i) in the arteries


(2)(Total 7 marks)






[7]






[7]

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