9 THIT B PHN NG

9.1 Thit b phn ng 9.2 CSTR / General Reactor Design Tab 9.2.1 Connections Page 9.2.2 Parameters Page 9.3 CSTR / General Reactor Reactions Tab 9.3.1 Conversion Reactor Reactions Tab 9.3.2 CSTR Reactions Tab 9.3.3 Equilibrium Reactor - Reaction Tab 9.3.4 Gibbs Reactor Reactions Tab 9.4 CSTR / General Reactor Rating Tab 9.5 CSTR / General Reactor Work Sheet Tab 9.6 CSTR / General Reactor Dynamics Tab 9.7 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Property View 9.7.1 PFR Design Tab 9.7.2 Reactions Tab 9.7.3 Ratings Tab 9.7.4 Work Sheet Tab 9.7.5 Performance Tab 9.7.6 Dynamics Tab 9.7.7 PFR Example Problem

2 4 4 5 8 8 12 16 19 23 26 26 27 28 35 40 42 42 44 45

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9.1 Thit b phn ngNgoi tr thit b phn ng PLUG FLOW REACTOR (PFR) cn li tt c cc thit b phn ng khc c hnh dng tng i ging nhau, c cng kiu m phng. Khc nhau trc ht l mi loi thit b phn ng c mt chc nng ring bit (chuyn ha, ng hc, cn bng, xc tc d th hoc n gin). Tri vi Seperator hay General Reactor, cc Specific Reactor ch chp nhn mt loi phn ng c th. V d Conversion Reactor c trng vi cc phn ng chuyn ha, nu gn n vi loi phn ng cn bng hay ng hc th s nhn c thng bo li. Ch c Gibbs Reactor l ngoi l v n c th c hoc khng c chc nng thit lp phn ng. C th c nhiu cch linh hot thit lp v nhm phn ng:Xem Chapter 4 Xc nh phn ng trong Basis Manager, nhm chng li v Reaction ca gn vo Reactor. Simulation Basis manual hoc Section To phn ng trong Reaction Package trong Main Flowsheet, 7.4.1-Reaction nhm chng li v gn vo Reactor. Package ca Users Guide bit thm chi To v ci t phn ng trong Basis Environment, thay i tit v vic ci t phn ng v loi phn ng. phn ng trong Reaction Package ca mi trng m phng chnh.

D c thit lp theo cch no trn, phn ng xc nh s hin th cho ton b Flowsheet, tc l mt phn ng c th gn vi nhiu Reactor. Tuy nhin c mt vi iu cn phi lu . Khi iu chnh phn ng thng qua Reactor, s thay i ch c xem nh cc b trong Reactor . S iu chnh trong Basis Environment hoc trong Reaction Package c tin hnh t ng trong mi reactor khi thc hin t li cc tham s cho phn ng, khng phi lm nhng thay i cc b. Nhng thay i cc b lun c gi li. hy b cc thay i cc b v quay v cc thng s chung ca phn ng, bn bm phm Delete khi con tr trong khung cha bin i cc b. C bn loi Reactor c lin kt chung cc tnh cht: CSTR (Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactor) g b cc thay i GIBBS REACTOR cc b, di chuyn ti appropriate v bm phm DELETE. 2

EQUILIBRIUM REACTOR CONVERSION REACTOR Ba Reactor cui c th c dn ra t General Reactor. V c s tng ng nn cc Reactor ny s c ni chung. Trong giao din property view khi c s khc nhau v d phn Reaction Tab s khc bit s c ghi ch r rng. Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) hon ton khc so vi cc reactor trn. V vy s c tho lun ring trong mc 9.7 - Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Property View. ci t mt Reactor c th thao tc nh sau

General Reactors Convertion Reactors Equilibrium Reactors

Gibbs Reactors

Bm phm F12 v chn Reactor trong UnitOps. Bm phm F4, trong Object Palette chn General Reactor, sau s chn reactor tng ng GIBBS, CONVERSION hoc EQUILIBRIUM.

CSTR

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9.2 CSTR / General Reactor Design TabCSTR v GENERAL Reactor bao gm 5 Tab, tab u tin l Design Tab, trong c bn Page sau: Page Connections Parameters User Variables Notes M t Nhp tn cc dng dng nguyn liu, sn phm v dng nng lng cho reactor Ci t cc thng s trao i nhit v gim p sut cho reactor. Cho php ci t v x l cc bin do ngi s dng thit lp Cho php ghi ch cc thng tin lin quan n thit b.

9.2.1 Connections Page C bn Reactor u c Conection Page ging nhau. Page ny bao gm 5 Objects: Object Name Cn nhp cc thng tin sau Cha tn ca Reactor. C th sa li tn bt c lc no bng cch nhp p vo cha tn v thay tn mi vo . C th c mt hoc nhiu dng vo Reactor. Hoc l chn dng c thit lp trc t danh sch ko th trong Edit Bar, hoc chn trng trong Inlets v nhp tn dng mi vo Edit Bar. Kt ni dng sn phm hi vi Reactor. Cng nh vi dng nguyn liu, c th chn dng ra t danh sch ko th hoc nhp tn dng sn phm mi trong Edit Bar Kt ni dng sn phm lng ra t Reactor, cch lm cng tng t nh trn. Kt ni hoc to mt dng nng lng nu cn thit cho thit b hot ng.

Ti thiu phi khai bo mt dng sn phm.

Inlets

Vapour Oulet

Liquid Oulet Energy (Optional)

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9.2.2 Parameters Page

Ch rng Pfeed c gi nh bng gi tr thp nht dng nguyn liu vo.

Parameter Page cho php thit lp cc thng s Pressure Drop ( gim p sut), Vessel Volume (th tch thng cha), Duty (nng sut), Solving Behaviour (phng thc tnh ton).

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Objectp sut bnh cha c s dng trong tnh ton phn ng.

M t gim p dc theo thng cha, c xc nh bng biu thc sau: P = P - Pv = Pfeed P1 Trong : P : p sut trong thng cha Pv : p sut dng sn phm hi ra P1 : p sut dng sn phm lng ra Pfeed : p sut dng nguyn liu vo P: gim p trong thng cha (Delta P) Gi tr mc nh gim p sut ti thng cha l 0 Nu gn mt dng nng lng, phi xc nh xem n dng un nng hay lm lnh la chn phm tng ng trong Object Palette. cng c th chn thuc tnh Duty hoc HYSYS tnh Duty. Phng trnh cn bng nng lng ca Reactor c xc nh nh sau: Duty = Hvapour + Hliquid Hfeed Trong : Duty=nhit nng un nng hoc lm lnh Hvapour Nhit ca dng sn phm hi Hliquid Nhit ca dng sn phm lng Hfeed Nhit ca dng nguyn liu Nu thay i t Heating sang Cooling (hoc ngc li), ln ca dng nng lng khng thay i nhng thay i du dng nng lng. Heating l cng, cn Cooling l tr. Do ngi s dng xc nh, l tng th tch ca thng cha. Gi tr ny khng cn thit i vi cc thit b phn ng CONVERSION, GIBBS, EQUILIBRIUM trong m phng tnh, nhng phi thit lp cho CSTR. Th tch thng cha cng vi vic thit lp mc cht lng trong thng, xc nh gi tr mc cht lng cn c duy tr trong thit b phn ng. Gi tr th tch cht lng hoc mc cht lng cn c duy tr trong thng cha ti thi im bt k c xc nh bi biu thc sau: Holdup = Vessel Volume * PV(%Full)/100 Trong : PV(%Full) l mc cht lng trong thng cha.

P

DutyLu rng enthalpy s dng trong HYSYS l bng enthalpy ca kh l tng c to thnh 25 C v 1 atm. Do nhit ca phn ng c tnh ton t s khc nhau ca enthalpy to thnh ca sn phm phn ng v cht tham gia phn ng.

Heating / Cooling

Volume

Th tch bnh cha l mt thng tin cn thit ca thit b trong m phng tnh. N quyt nh thi gian phn ng.

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Object Liquid Level

Description Hin th mc cht lng trong reactor c biu din l t l phn trm ca th tch thng cha. Khng c t bi ngi s dng, gi tr ny c tnh ton da vo th tch thng cha v mc cht lng, khi gi tr th tch thng cha c nhp vo. Ch hin th vi CONVERSION v EQUILIBRIUM Reactor, cho php thit b hot ng nh mt thit b tch 2 pha n gin khi reactor khng gii quyt c Ch nh phn ng ch gm mt pha. Nu khng, HYSYS s coi l phn ng lng-hi. Ch hin th vi Gibbs reactors. Cho php la chn loi thit b ph hp vi phn ng: Separator: p dng khi cc cht phn ng Gibbs ti thiu c 2 pha . Three Phase: p dng khi cc cht phn ng Gibbs ti thiu c 3 pha.

Liquid Volume Act as a Separator When Cannot Solve Single Phase

Type

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9.3 CSTR / General Reactor Reactions Tab9.3.1 Conversion Reactor Reactions TabConversion Reactor

Conversion Reactor l mt thng cha trong thc hin phn ng chuyn ha. Trong Conversion Reactor ch c th ci t Reaction Set. Phn ng c ci t s chuyn ha hon ton hoc mt phn cht phn ng. Reactions Tab gm hai page: Details v Results Details Page

Xem Section 4.4.2Conversion Reaction ca Simulation Basis guide xem ch dn chi tit v vic ci t phn ng chuyn ha.

Trang Conversion Reaction cha phn ci t phn ng (Reaction Set). Reaction Set ch nh hot ng v chuyn ha cho mi phn ng. Trang ny c chia lm 4 Objects: Object Reaction Set Reaction View Reaction [Radio Buttons] Description Gip la chn nhm phn ng chuyn ho ph hp Phi chn phn ng chuyn ho ph hp t Reaction Set chn M xem cc tham s ca phn ng va thit lp, gip sa i nhng tham s cn thit C ba phm chuyn i ln nhau: Stoichiometry, Basis v Conversion (s c m t c th sau y)8

Stoichiometry Radio Button

Stoichiometry hin th cc tham s nh thnh phn cu t tham gia phn ng chn, khi lng phn t cc cu t cng nh h s t lng ca cc cu t tham gia phn ng. Ngoi ra cn c hai tham s na l: Balance Error v Reaction Heat ca phn ng ny. Basis Radio Button

Giao din ny cha cc tham s nh: Base Component (cu t c bn), Conversion ( chuyn ha) v Reaction Phase cho mi phn ng trong Reaction Set. Ti y, c th thay i chuyn ha cc b cho phn ng. Conversion Radio Button

Ch rng trong Fractional Conversion Equation group, cc hin mu hoc xanh ch ra rng cc bin c th c thay i.

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Trong ca s Fraction Conversion Equation hin th chuyn ha ca phn ng. Cc tham s v chuyn ha c gn cho phn ng chuyn ho v ngi dng c th thay i li bng cch chn Use Default box hoc nhp li gi tr mi trong Fractional Conversion Equation. View Reaction Button

Bm phm View Reaction m xem cc tham s ca phn ng Conversion Reaction la chn trong hp ko th. Lu rng bt c s thay i no ca phn ng trn Conversion Reaction property view s lm thay i ton b phn ng chn v bt c Reaction Sets c cha phn ng chn. V d, nu lm thay i no cho phn ng trong hnh trn, s thay i s c thc hin ti bt c ni no c s dng phn ng ny. V vy khi thay i nhng tham s ca Reactor (tc l nhng thay i ch c tc dng i vi mt Reactor) th nn thc hin bn trong Reactions tab. Results PageC th thay i Results Page hin th kt qu ca phn ng tnh ton hi t. chuyn ha cho Trang ny cha Reactor Results Summary group gm hai phm: mt phn ng Reaction Extents v Reaction Balance. trong trang ny.

Reaction Extents Radio Button

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Khi la chn ny, Reaction Extions hin th kt qu chuyn ha ca phn ng hi t nh sau: Result Field Rank Description Hin th bc ca phn ng. Vi nhiu phn ng, phn ng c bc thp hn s xy ra u tin. Hin th phn trm chuyn ha ca phn ng Hin th phn trm chuyn ho ca cu t c bn trong dng nguyn liu tham gia phn ng.

Specified% Conversion Actual % Conversion

Base Component Cht phn ng c bn tnh ton chuyn ho Rxn Extent nh gi s mol ca cht phn ng tiu th trong phn ng

Vic thay i phn ng s nh hng n tt c Reaction Sets ca cc phn ng c nh km, vic thay i cc b khng c thit lp.

Khi c nhiu phn ng trong Reaction Set, HYSYS s t ng tnh bc cc phn ng. Mt phn ng c bc thp hn s u tin phn ng trc. Mi nhm cc phn ng c bc tng ng nhau c th c chuyn ha tng cng gia 0-100%. Ch rng cc gi tr chuyn i thc t khng ph hp vi cc gi tr chuyn i quy nh. Phn ng Rxn-3 tin hnh u tin v dng li khi c mt cht phn ng b ht. Tng cc chuyn ha quy nh ca Rxn-1 v Rxn-2 l 100%, do , tt c cc cht phn ng c bn cn li u c th b tiu th ht. Tt c cc thnh phn c bn b tiu th ht phn nh chuyn ha thc t tng cng l 100%.11

Reaction Balance Radio Button Khi chn phm ny, Reaction Balance s cung cp ton b cc tham s ca cc cht phn ng c trong Conversion Reactor. Tt c cc cu t c mt trong Fluid Package cng s xut hin ti y.

bit thm chi tit v phn ng ng hc, xc tc d th v phn ng n gin, xem Chapter 4Reaction ca Simulation Basis guide.

Cc gi tr ny xut hin sau khi tt c cc phn ng hon thnh. Bao gm tng dng vo, dng ra v phn phn ng ca mi cht. Gi tr m th hin cht phn ng, gi tr dng hin th cho sn phm phn ng. 9.3.2 CSTR Reactions Tab CSTR l mt thng cha trong xy ra cc loi phn ng nh ng hc, xc tc d th hay phn ng n gin. chuyn ha trong thit b ph thuc vo t l dng ca phn ng gn vi tng loi phn ng. Dng vo c coi nh khuy trn hon ton v ngay lp tc, v th thnh phn dng ra khi thit b phn ng l ng nht nh trong thit b phn ng. Cho th tch ca thit b, t l cc thnh phn thch hp cho mi phn ng v h s t lng ca phn ng, CSTR s tnh ton chuyn ha ca mi cu t i vo thit b phn ng. Trong Reaction Tab, c th chn Reaction Set cho tng thit b. cng c th xem kt qu tnh ton thit b bao gm chuyn ha thc t ca thnh phn cht phn ng c bn. chuyn ha thc t c t ng tnh ton v bng t l phn trm thnh phn cht c bn tham gia phn ng. X = (NAin NAout)/NAin . 100% (9.4)12

Trong : X: chuyn ha NAin: thnh phn cht phn ng c bn vo thit b NAout: thnh phn cht c bn ra khi thit b Reaction Tab bao gm hai trang: Details v Results. Details Page

Trong trang ny c th la chn cc phn ng trong phn Reaction Set gn cho thit b v ch nh chuyn ha cho tng phn ng c ci t. Trong phn Reaction Set ch c th la chn cc loi phn ng: phn ng ng hc, xc tc d th v phn ng n gin. Trang ny chia thnh bn Objects: Objects Reaction Set Reaction View Reaction Specifics M t Cho php la chn nhm phn ng ph hp T danh sch phn ng, c th chn mt trong cc phn ng t Reaction Set chn. M Reaction property view ca phn ng la chn. V c th sa li cc thng s chung ca phn ng. Gm hai hp chn l Stoichiometry v Basis (s c xem xt chi tit di y)13

Stoichiometry Radio Button

Stoichiometry cho php kim tra cc thnh phn tham gia vo phn ng chn, khi lng phn t v h s t lng ca phn ng. Ngoi ra cn hai thng s l Balance Error v Reaction Heat. Basis Radio Button

Trong Basis group, c th xem cc thnh phn c bn, thng s v t l ca phn ng ( v d: A, E, , A, E v ) v Reaction Phase (pha ca phn ng) cho mi phn ng c phn ci t. n gin ch cn la chn trong danh sch ko th v cc s liu s xut hin trong Basic group. S thay i c th c thc hin da trn vic thay i cc thng s ca phn ng (frequency factor h s phn ng A, nng lng hot ho E v ). Nhng thay i ny ch phn nh trong hot ng thit b ch khng nh hng n ton b cc phn ng. C th thay i gi tr phn ng chung bng cch bm phm Use Default. Nu thay i nng lng hot ho ca phn ng (E), gi tr Use Default E s trng. Chn ny s tr v gi tr E chung ban u.14

Results Page Results Page hin th kt qu ca reactor tnh ton hi t. Trang ny cha group Reactor Results Summary gm hai : Reaction Extents v Reaction Balance. Reaction Extents Radio Button

Khi chn ny, Reaction Extions hin th kt qu tnh ton reactor hi t: Result Field Actual % Conversion Base Component Rxn Extent M t Hin th t l phn trm cu t c bn trong dng nguyn liu tham gia phn ng. Cu t c bn T l mol cu t c bn tiu th trong phn ng.

Reaction Balance Radio Button

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Khi chn phm ny, Reaction Balance s cung cp ton b cc tham s ca cc cht phn ng c trong CSTR. Tt c cc cu t c trong Fluid Package s xut hin ti y. Cc gi tr c hin th khi cc phn ng hon thnh. Bao gm tng dng vo, dng ra v phn phn ng ca mi cu t. Gi tr m vi cht tham gia phn ng, gi tr dng vi sn phm phn ng. to v ci t phn ng cn bng xem Section 4.4.3Equilibrium Reaction ca Simualtion Basis guide.

9.3.3 Equilibrium Reactor - Reaction Tab Equilibrium Reactor l thit b dng thng cha m trong thc hin cc phn ng cn bng. Cc dng ra khi thit b dng cn bng ha hc v l hc. Cc phn ng cn bng c ci t vo EQUILIBRIUM REACTOR vi s lng khng gii hn v c tin hnh song song hoc ni tip. Thnh phn cht phn ng v qu trnh ha trn c coi l l tng, t HYSYS tnh ton hot tnh ha hc ca mi cu t trong hn hp da trn c s hot ca hn hp v cc cu t tinh khit. C th kim tra chuyn ho ca phn ng, cu t c bn, hng s cn bng v mc phn ng vi tng phn ng trong Reaction Set chn. chuyn ho, hng s cn bng v mc phn ng c t ng tnh ton da vo nhng thng tin v phn ng cn bng c thit lp trong Reaction Set. Details Page Details page gm bn chn c bn: Stoichiometry, Basis, Ln[K] v Table. c th xem cc thng tin ch tit v phn ng khi chn vo mi . Stoichiometry Radio Button

Bt k thay i no cng u gy nh hng ln ton b cc phn ng m bn ci t, thay i cc b khng c chp nhn.

Ch : Thay i ton b phn ng gy nh hng ln tt c Reaction Sets c cha phn ng v nh vy n tt c cc thit b c lin quan n Reaction Sets.

Chn vo Stoichiometry c th xem v thc hin cc thay i cc tham s cc b ca phn ng nh h s t lng ca phn ng. Balance Error v Reaction Heat ca phn ng cng c hin th.16

Basis Radio Button

Xem Section 4.4.3Equilibrium Reaction ca Simulation Basis guide bit thng tin chi tit v Trong Basis c th xem hoc sa i cc thng tin ca mi phn Equilibrium ng trong Reaction Set nh: Basis (tham s c bn) cho cc tnh Constant source.

ton cn bng, Phase trong thc hin phn ng, nhit Approach (gn ng) ca cu t cn bng v khong nhit min v max i vi hng s cn bng. Cc d liu ngun cho cc tnh ton hng s cn bng cng c hin th ti y. Keq Radio Button Trong Keq c th bit cc thng tin v hng s cn bng K, s ph thuc ca K vo cc tham s khc, cch tnh LnK cho tng phn ng (chn v xem Basis).

C bn la chn trong cch tnh gi tr ca K. Bao gm:

Ln(Keq) equation: Phng trnh tnh K LnK = a + b a = A + B/T + Cln(T) + D.T b = E.T2 + F.T3 + H.T4 + G.T5 trong : A, B, C, D, E, F, H, G l cc hng s thc nghim cn T l nhit Kelvin.

Gibbs Free energy: phng trnh nng lng t do Gibbs Ln(K) = - G/RT Fixed K: Gi tr K c nh, l cc gi tr thc nghim bit ca phn ng17

K v T table: bng gi tr thc nghim cc gi tr K v T cc nhit khc nhau, t tnh ton gn ng gi tr K nhit yu cu. Approach Radio Button

i vi mi phn ng trong Reaction Set, a ra mt phng trnh gn ng dng phn s, l mt hm ca nhit . Mi thng s trong phng trnh Approach % c th c thay i trong trang ny. S thay i cc thng s ch c gn cho cc la chn phn ng trong cc dng ca thit b. Sau khi thay i c thc hin, c th cho HYSYS tr v gi tr ban u bng cch chn Use Default box. bit thm thng tin v phn ng equilibrium, xem Chapter4-Reaction ca Simulation Basis guide.

C th thay i mt phn ng bng cch n View Reaction. Cc tham s chi tit ca phn ng s hin th. Results Page Cho bit cc thng s chuyn ha ca phn ng. bao gm hai : Reaction Extents v Reaction Balance. Reaction Extents

Bn c th ch nh chuyn ha cho mt phn ng trong trang ny.

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Cho bit chuyn ha ca phn ng hi t Result Field Actual % conversion Description Hin th t l phn trm cu t c bn ca dng nguyn liu phn ng X = {( NAin NAout ) / NAin}. 100% Trong X l chuyn ho, % NAin lu lng dng vo reactor Naout lu lng dng ra khi reactor Cu t phn ng tnh chuyn ho Gi tr ca hng s cn bng c tnh ton nhit phn ng, theo biu thc:ln K = A + B + C ln T + DT T

C bn thng s cho mi phng trnh cn bng trong trang Rxn Ln(K).

Base Component Eqm Const

Trong : T l nhit phn ng, K A,B,C,D l cc h s t l Rxn Extent Reaction Balance Thng s v lu lng mol tiu th ca cht tham gia phn ng

Cho bit cc thng s chi tit ca dng vo, phn ng v dng ra. 9.3.4 Gibbs Reactor Reactions Tab Gibbs Reactor tnh ton cc thnh phn sao cho dng ra t c cn bng pha v cn bng ha hc. Tuy nhin, GIBBS REACTOR khng cn thit khai bo h s t lng ca phn ng tnh thnh phn cc cu t trong dng ra. Nng lng t do Gibbs ca h phn ng s t gi tr ti thiu trng thi cn bng, c s dng 19

tnh ton thnh phn hn hp sau phn ng. Cng nh Equilibrium Reactor, cc cu t tinh khit v hn hp phn ng c gi s trng thi l tng.

S linh hot ca GIBBS REACTOR cho php hot ng nh mt thp tch, hoc nh mt reactor vi mc nng lng t do Gibbs ti thiu m khng cn ci t phn ng hoc mt reactor thc hin phn ng cn bng. Khi Reaction Set c gn vo, h s t lng km theo phn ng c s dng tnh ton trong Gibbs Reactor. Overall Page Trong Overall Page, trc ht phi chn Reaction Type. C ba la chn: Gibbs Reaction Only, Equilibrium Reactions v No Reaction. Sau c th gn Reaction Set vo nu cn thit v ch nh cc thng s trong Rating Tab. Reactor Type Group Trong Reactor Type, chn Radio Button xc nh phng php HYSYS s s dng tnh ton trong GIBBS REACTOR: Radio Button M t20

Gibbs Reactions Only

Khng yu cu thit lp phn ng, v HYSYS tnh ton h phn ng bng cch ti thiu nng lng t do Gibbs trong iu kin cn bng pha v cn bng ho hc. Ngi s dng c th ty chnh s vng lp ti a v sai s khi tnh cn bng trong Solving Option group.

Specify Equilibrium Reacitons

Hin th Equilibrium Reaction Set group. Khi mt phn ng thit lp c gn vo, Gibbs Reactor s c tnh ton bng cch s dng cc h s t lng km theo phn ng. Chc nng ti thiu ho nng lng t do Gibbs c thc hin, ng thi gn gi tr 0 cho cc tham s cha bit.

NO Reactions GIBBS REACTOR c tnh ton nh mt (= Seperator) thp tch, ch quan tm n cn bng pha trong cc dng ra. Details Page Trang ny c mt nhm, Gibbs Reaction Details group. Trong nhm ny c hai l Flow Specs v Atom Matrix. Cc thng tin tng ng s hin ra khi bm vo mt trong hai tng ng. Flow Specs Option Khi chn Flow Specs, c th thy thnh phn phn mol dng nguyn liu v sn phm (nh hnh trn). C th ch nh cu t no l cht tr hoc thay i t l sn phm cho mt cu t no . Cu t no c ch nh l cht tr s b loi tr, khng tham gia vo qu trnh tnh ton. Ngha l khi kch hot Inert ca mt cu t no , gi tr 1 v 0 tng ng s xut hin trong cc Frac Spec v Fixed Spec, iu cho thy thnh phn cu t trong dng nguyn liu bng trong dng sn phm.

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C th xc nh t l sn phm ca cu t no trong reactor trng thi cn bng. Cc cu t trong dng sn phm s c tnh ton da trn cc gi tr Frac Spec v Fixed Spec: Total Prod = FracSpec * Total Feed + FixedSpec Gibbs Reactor s t ng tnh ton thnh phn dng ra. Nu c nhng thay i khng hp l, mt tin nhn s hin th cnh bo cho bit. Atom Matrix Option (Ma trn nguyn t)

Khi kch hot Atom Matrix (nh hnh trn), c th nhp nguyn t thnh phn ca loi hp cht no cha bit cng thc hoc cha khai bo lc trc. Trong giao din Atom Matrix hin th tt c cc cu t trong case c cc nguyn t m HYSYS hiu c. Ti y c th nhp thm vo thnh phn cc cu t cha khai bo hoc chnh sa li nguyn t ca cc cu t bt k c trong thnh phn dng.22

9.4 CSTR / General Reactor Rating TabCn cung cp thm Rating Tab bao gm Sizing, Nozzles v Heat Loss Pages. Mc d thng tin trong Rating Tab khi lm phn ln thng tin ba trang ny khng cn thit khi m phng vic vi m phng tnh, xc nh kch thc reactor ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ng.

tnh ton thi gian dng ca phn ng. bit thm thng tin tm hiu thm Dynamics Modelling. Sizing Page Trong trang ny, c th xc nh dng hnh hc ca thit b. Cng nh cho php hoc khng mt phng thc khi ng h thng gn lin vi n. Nu c, cn xc nh cc tham s cn thit cho khi ng h thng

C ba Objects chnh: Object Geometry This Reactor has a Boot Boot Dimensions Geometry Group Nhm ny cha nm Objects gip xc nh th tch thit b:23

M t Xc nh cc tham s hnh hc ca thit b Khi kch hot, s thc hin Boot Dimesions group Cho php xc nh kch thc hnh hc ca thit b khi ng

Object

Descriptionv Sphere (hnh tr v hnh cu) lm thay i mt s thng s v phng php tnh th tch. Nu chn Cylinder cc thng s nh ng knh, chiu cao c xc nh, th tch c tnh ton da vo phng trnh sau: Vreactor = { Ddiameter2/4..Hheight} + Vboot Nu chn Sphere, bit ng knh hoc chiu cao, th tnh c tnh da trn phng trnh sau: Vreactor = {{Hheight or Ddiameter}3.}/6 + Vboot Trong : Vreactor: th tch reactor Vboot: th tch thit b khi ng Hheight, chiu cao reactor Ddiameter : ng knh reactor. C th chn nh hng ca thit b: Horizontal: hng nm ngang Vertical: hng thng ng Cha tng th tch ca thit b C 3 trng hp c th xy ra: Nu nhp chiu cao v ng knh vo th th tch c tnh ton da trn mt trong hai phng trnh trn. Nu thit b dng hnh cu th ch cn mt hoc 2 thng s trn Nu nhp mt gi tr hoc ng knh, hoc chiu cao, thng s cn li l th tch th HYSYS s t ng tnh ton cc gi tr cn li da vo cc phng trnh trn Nu ch nhp thng s ca th tch th chiu cao v ng knh c tnh ton theo t l 3/2 ng knh ca thit b. Nu thit b dng hnh cu th gi tr ng knh nh chiu di Chiu cao hoc chiu di ca thit b. Nu thit b c dng hnh cu th y l gi tr ng knh ca thit b.

Cylinder/Sphere Chnh s khc nhau v hnh dng ca Cylinder

Orientation

Volume

Diameter Hieght/Length

Nhm Geometry c 3 tham s: th tch, ng knh v chiu cao (hoc chiu di nu thit b nm ngang). Nu nhp gi tr Th tch th khng cn nhp hai tham s cn li bi v HYSYS s tnh ton24

chiu cao (hoc chiu di) v ng knh theo t l Height/Diameter l 3/2. Tuy nhin c th nhp mt trong hai tham s (hoc chiu cao hoc ng knh) v tham s th ba s c t ng tnh ton theo mt trong hai biu thc trn. Boot Dimensions Nu reactor ang tnh ton c Boot, cn nhp cc thng s th tch ca thit b bng cch kch hot This Reactor has a Boot. Khi ny s hin th giao din Boot Dimensions group. Boot Dimension gm hai fields: Field Boot Diameter Boot Height M t ng knh ca Boot. Gi tr mc nh thng l 1/3 ng knh reactor. Gi tr mc nh chiu cao ca Boot thng bng mt na ng knh reactor.

Th tch ca Boot c tnh ton da trn th tch mt hnh tr: Vboot = .{Dboot/2}.Hboot v gi tr mc nh ca reactor l: Vboot = .{Dreactor/6}2 . Dreactor/2 Heat Loss Page Trang ny cho php la chn Heat Loss Model tnh ton v nhp cc tham s cn thit cho tng model. bit thm thng tin v heat loss, xem Dynamic Modelling guide. = . Dreactor3 /72

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9.5 CSTR / General Reactor Work Sheet TabWork Sheet tab cha mt bng tm tt nhng thng tin ca dng nh: tnh cht, thnh phn, cc tham s chi tit ca dng. PF Specs page cha cc tm tt tnh cht ca dng t Dynamics tab

9.6 CSTR / General Reactor Dynamics TabNu lm vic ch mt phng tnh khng cn thay i bt k thng tin no trong trang ny. bit thm thng tin v CSTR v General Reactor trong m phng ng, xem HYSYS Dynamic Modelling guide.

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9.7 Plug Flow Reactor (PFR) Property View

PFR ((Plug Flow Reactor, hoc Tubular Reactor) c dng ng hnh tr. Dng cht phn ng theo m hnh dng y l tng, khng c s khuy trn, cc dng i xuyn tm ng hng (khng c chnh lch khi lng hoc nhit ). S xo trn quanh trc khng ng k c th b qua. Bi v dng cht phn ng chuyn ng lin tc dc theo chiu di ng phn ng, nn nng xung quanh trc l cao hn. Tc phn ng li ph thuc vo nng cht phn ng, v vy tc phn ng s bin thin dc theo trc (coi phn ng l bc khng). Xem xt cch gii bi ton vi thit b PFR (c chnh lch dc theo trc ca nng cc cu t, nhit phn ng,). Th tch thit b phn ng c chia thnh nhng phn nh. Trong mi phn t th tch ny, phn ng xy ra vi tc c coi nh l nh nhau. Cn bng mol tnh ton cho mi phn t th tch j nh sau:dN dt

F j 0 F j + r j dV =V

j

Bi v tc phn ng coi nh l nh nhau trong mi phn t th tch, nn s hng th ba ca biu thc trn l rjV. Trong m phng tnh, v phi ca biu thc trn bng khng, v biu thc trn s c rt gn thnh: Fj = Fj0 + rjV C hai cch thit lp thit b phn ng PFR:

Bm phm F12 v chn Plug Flow Reactor t Unit Ops view Hoc chn Plug Flow Reactor trong Object Palette.27

9.7.1 PFR Design Tab PFR Design Tab gm 5 trang:

Page Conection s

Input Required Nhp dng nguyn liu v sn phm

Parameters Cung cp c im ca gim p sut v dng nng lng Heat transfer User Variable Notes Cho php xc nh cc thng s truyn nhit To cc bin s s dng trong hot ng ca thit b Thm cc ch vo thit b

Connections Page

Trong Connection Page c th t tn thit b cng nh cung cp tn dng nguyn liu, sn phm v nng lng. Ch rng, nu

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khng cung cp dng nng lng th thit b c coi l hot ng ch on nhit. Object Inlets Outlets Input Required Cung cp tn ca dng nguyn liu vo Cung cp tn dng sn phm ra khi thit b

Energy Trong field name, khng bt buc phi khai (Optional) bo dng nng lng, tuy nhin trong trng hp ny HYSYS s gi nh thit b hot ng ch on nhit

Parameters Page

b qua PFR trong qu trnh tnh ton, nhn vo Ignore check box. Hysys s b qua thit b cho n khi kch hot li bng cch xa khng chn check box.

Parameters Page chia thnh 3 phn, t c th ch th cho HYSYS tnh ton gim p sut, trao i nhit v quyt nh hot ng ca thit b

Delta P Trong group ny, c th chn mt trong nhng phm c sn tnh ton gim p sut qua thit b29

Radio buttonKhi bn chn Ergun Equation, gim p sut i mu t xanh sang en. Ngha l gi tr ny c tnh bi Hysys.

Description phi ch nh gim p sut trong Pressure Drop HYSYS s dng phng trnh Ergun tnh ton gim p sut qua PFR. Phng trnh ny bao gm cc gi tr kch thc, dng m cung cp cho PFR

User Specified

Ergun EquationNu bn chon Ergun Equation v khng c xc tc trong phn ng, Hysys s t ng ci t P = 0.

Trong : P : gim p sut gc : trng lc Newton L : chiu di thit b s : ht hnh cu D : ng knh ht xc tc : t trng cht lng V: vn tc cht lng trn b mt ngoi hoc trong thp rng : t l hc : nht cht lng

Duty Trong tnh ton trao i nhit, c th chn cc radio button sau: Radio Button Formula Description Sau khi cung cp cc thng tin v h s truyn nhit, HYSYS s t ng tnh ton dng nng lng c th trc tip cung cp gi tr dng nng lng

Direct Q Value

La chn trong SS Duty Calculation Option Group c chuyn sang Heat Transfer group trong Parameters Page.

C th xanh dng nng lng l Heating hoc Colling. Nu l Heating gi tr ca dng mang du cng, Colling - mang du tr. Heat Transfer Page Cc dng ca Heat Transfer Page ty thuc vo vic chn trong giao din SS Duty Calculation Option, hoc Formula hoc Direct Q Value (xem hnh di y).30

Direct Q Value Option

Nu chn Direct Q Value, giao din Heat Transfer gm c ba Object nh hnh trn. Objects Energy Stream Duty M t Tn dng nng lng Nng sut ca dng nng lng

Heating/ Colling La chn mt trong hai ch ca dng nng lng, nu l Heating gi tr dng mang du cng, Colling mang du tr. Formula OptionVi Formula Option, phi khai bo mt dng nng lng gn vo PFR. Khng th s dng ty chn ny trong cc iu kin on nhit.

B qua s trao i nhit ca thnh ng.

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Vi Fomula Option, ch nh HYSYS tnh ton chnh xc hiu sut ca mi phn t th tch ca PFR, s dng h s trao i nhit cc b trong v ngoi mi ng PFR vi cc phng trnh sau:

Qj = UjA(Tbulkj Toutj) Trong : Qj= Nhit trao i cho phn t th tch j Uj=H s trao i nhit ton phn ca phn t th tch j Gi tr cui cng trong phng trnh A= Din tch b mt ng PFR i din cho dy Tbulkj= nhit trong th tch cht lng thnh ng v dn nhit ca vt liu Toutj= nhit bn ngoi ng PFR (dng lng ngoi ng)lm ng c coi l khng ng k v b qua trong tnh ton PFR.

1/U = 1/hout + 1/hw + xw/km Trong : U= H s trao i nhit ton phn hout= h s trao i nhit cc b bn ngoi ng hw= h s trao i nhit cc b trong ng PFR xw/km= gii hn trao i nhit ca thnh ng (b qua trong tnh ton)

Nu xc nh Heat Flow trong Energy Stream property view v chn phm Formula trn Heat Transfer page, vic gii bi ton s gp tr ngi. Bn khng nn chn duty v nn HYSYS tnh ton.

Trong mi phn t th tch, nhit c trao i gia dng lng bn trong ng PFR v dng lng bn ngoi ng (utility fluid). C 2 nhm trong Heat Transfer Page cho php cung cp cc thng s s c s dng. Heat Medium Side Heat Transfer Infos Group

Trong nhm ny c th thay i cc thng s s dng tnh ton nhit lng Qj cho dng ra ca mi phn t th tch ca PFR.

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Parameter

Formula Input Required Variable Xc nh gi tr h s truyn nhit cc b. T gi tr UA, trong trng hp ny U l h s truyn nhit cc b, bng hng s, thay i theo chiu di, ng knh hoc s ng (thc hin trong Dimensions page) s nh hng n hout Lu lng mol ca dng lng trao i nhit Nhit dung ca dng lng trao i nhit Nhit ca dng lng vo PFR Duty c tnh ton cho mi phn t th tch ca PFR

Wall Heat Transfer hout Coefficient

Mole Flow Heat Capacity Inlet Temperature Calculated Duty

m C T Qj

Phng trnh s dng tnh ton nhit ca dng lng bn ngoi ng (utility fluid) i vo mi phn t th tch j l: Qj = mC(Tj Tj+1)

Tube Side Heat Transfer Info Group Trong group ny c th chn cch thc tnh h s trao i nhit cc b (hw) bng cch chn mt trong ba hp chn User, Epirical v Standar, sau in cc thng s yu cu nh trong bng di y:

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Radio Button User

Description Xc nh gi tr ca h s trao i nhit cc b trong User Specified

view

Epirical

S dng phng trnh kinh nghim xc nh h s trao i nhit hw = A * FlowB C th chn i lng c bn cho phng trnh tnh ton l Molar, Mass, hoc Volume Tnh ton hw da vo ch s Nusselt: Nu = A*ReB*PrC hw = Nu*kg/D

Standar

Hysys mc nh : A = 1.6 B = 0.51 C = 0.33

User Variable Page User Variable Page cho php thit lp v xc nh cc bin trong HYSYS. Xem thng tin chi tit trong User Variables option, Chapter 5 - User Variables ca ti liu Customization Guide. Notes Page Ghi chp cc thng tin, ch thch cn thit lin quan n PFR hoc qu trnh m phng ni chung.

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9.7.2 Reactions Tab Chn Reaction Set trong Reaction Tab. Ch rng PFR Reaction ch thc hin ba loi phn ng l Kinetic, Heterogeneous Catalytic, Simple Rate. Tab ny gm ba trang: Overall, Details v Results. Overall Page

Page ny chia lm ba group: Reaction Info, Integration Information, v Catalyst Data. Reaction Info Group

Phn ny phi cung cp hai thng tin: Reaction Set s dng tnh ton v la chn phng php Initialize segment. Chn phn ng t danh sch ko th phn ng gn vo Fluid Pakage m s dng trong environment.35

Nh m t trc y, PFR c phn chia thnh cc phn t bng thut ton gii reactor: HYSYS s tnh ton cho mi phn t ca reactor. Cc phn ng trong cc phn t c tnh ton bng cc phng php sau: t gi tr khi u Current (hin thi) Previous Re-init M t t gi tr khi u t cc phn t hin thi (current segment) t gi tr khi u t cc phn t trc (previous segment) t gi tr khi u li tnh ton phn ng t phn t hin thi.

Integration Information

Chiu di ca mi phn on l hng s trong sut qu trnh tnh ton. Tuy nhin, nu mt gii php khng t c trong mt phn on ring l, n s c chia thnh cc phn nh hn n khi t c kt qu. iu ny khng nh hng n cc phn on khc.

Nhm ny gm ba fields: Field Number of segment Minimum Step Fraction Minimum Step Length M t S cc phn on mun chia PFR thnh S bc ti thiu thc hin tnh ton trong phn on Chiu di ti thiu ca phn on PFR reactor

Trong qu trnh tnh ton trong mi phn on, HYSYS s thc hin tnh ton trn ton b chiu di ca phn on. Nu khng c kt qu, phn on hin thi s c chia i, v HYSYS s li thc hin tnh ton trn na u ca phn on. Phn on s tip tc c chia i cho n khi php tnh c li gii ng. Phn on c chia n khi chiu di ca n nh hn chiu di ti thiu (Minimum Step Length) th qu trnh tnh ton s dng li.36

Catalyst Data

Nu trong Ratings Tab t rng (Void Fraction) ca phn on nh hn 1 tc l trong Reactor c xc tc, hp thoi Catalyst Data s hin th, cc thng s sau ca xc tc cn c cung cp: Field Description

Particle Diameter ng knh cc ht xc tc, gi tr mc nh l 0.001m Particle Sphericity ( cu ca ht xc tc) c nh ngha l bng din tch b mt hnh cu c cng th tch vi ht xc tc chia cho din tch b mt ca ht. Ht c dng hnh cu s c Sphericity bng 1. Diameter v Sphericity c s dng tnh ton gim p (trong biu thc tnh gim p Ergun) nu ht khng phi hnh cu. Cho bit mt phn rn ca ht xc tc, bao gm c khng gian ca cc mao qun bn trong ht xc tc, bng khi lng chia cho ton b th tch ca ht, ngha l bao gm c th tch mao qun. Gi tr mc nh l 2500kg/m3 Bng Solid density nhn vi mt tr i th tch mao qun b = s*(1-ma) (kg/m3) Trong : b: t trng ca xc tc s: t trng biu kin ca xc tc ma: th tch mao qun ca xc tc Solid Heat Capacity Nhit dung ca vt rn, c s dng tnh enthalpy trong m phng ng. T trng cng c s dng trong tnh ton ny.

Solid density (t trng biu kin)

Bulk Density (t trng )

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Details Page

Ti y c th iu khin cc phn ng gn vo Reaction Set chn. Hp thoi ny chia lm 3 Objects: Object Description

Reaction Bng danh sch ko th chn phn ng t Reaction Set chn Overall Page View M ra cc thng s chi tit ca phn ng v cho php Reaction iu chnh. Cc iu chnh c thc hin s nh hng n ton b cc phn khc ca phn ng Specifics C 2 la chn l Stoichiometry v Basis. Stoichiometry Group

Group ny cho php kim tra cht phn ng, trng lng phn t v h s phn ng.38

Basis Group

Trong Group ny c th xem cu t chnh (Base Component), cc tham s khc. c th thay i cc tham s ny, tuy nhin nhng thay i ny s ch nh hng n nhng gi tr ci t hin thi ca phn ng v s khng b nh hng bi cc reactor khc khi s dng Reaction Set hoc Reaction. View Reaction Button Bm phm ny m ra xem Reaction property view ca phn ng chn trong hp thoi ko th. Lu rng bt c s thay i trong Conversion Reaction property view s lm thay i ton b phn ng chn v tt c Reaction Sets c cha phn ng ny. Results PageBn c th thay i tham s chuyn ha cho phn ng trong trang ny.

Results Page hin th kt qu tnh ton thit b phn ng hi t. Giao din ca trang ny gm c 2 hp thoi: Reaction Extents (cho bit t l chuyn ha ca phn ng) v Reaction Balance (cho bit cn bng ca phn ng) Reaction Extents

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Khi chn Reaction Extents, s hin th cc kt qu sau: Trng kt qu Actual % Conversion Base Component Rxn Extent Reaction Balance M t Hin th chuyn ha hin thi, % cu t chnh trong dng nguyn liu tham gia phn ng Cu t chnh, c s dng tnh chuyn ha Phn mol cu t chnh phn ng

Bt k mt thay i no s nh hng n ton b cc phn ng c gn vo. Thay i cc b khng c thc hin.

Khi chn Reaction Balance s hin th ton b cc cu t trong PFR. Tt c cc cu t trong fluid package c a ra y. Trn giao din hin th ton b cc thng tin ca tt c cc phn ng. Total Inflow rate (lu lng tng dng vo), Total Reacted rate (tc phn ng tng cng) v Total Outflow (lu lng tng dng ra) cho mi cu t c biu din bng phn mol. Gi tr m th hin cho cc cht tham gia phn ng, gi tr dng th hin cho sn phm phn ng. 9.7.3 Ratings Tab Ratings Tab cha mt trang Sizing Sizing Page

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Trong Sizing Page, c th ch nh thng tin cho Tube Dimesions v Tube Packing. Tube Dimesions cn phi xc nh ba trong s bn tham s sau y: Tube Dimesion Total Volume Length Diameter Number of Tube Description Tng th tch ca PFR Tng chiu di ca ng ng knh ng Tng s ng yu cu, lun lun l s nguyn.

Khi bit ba thng s ca Tube Dimension, thng s th t s t ng c tnh ton. Lu rng Total Volume l tng cng th tch ca tt c cc ng. Gi tr mc nh s ng t l 1. Mc d s ng ni chung c xc nh t u, cn t tham s ny nh l gi tr c tnh ton bng cch la chn Number of Tubes v bm phm DELETE. S ng s lun lun c tnh ton l s nguyn. S ng cng c th nhn gi tr gn vi 0 ty thuc vo xc nh kch thc ng. Trong trng hp ny, phai rxacs nh li cc kch thc ca ng phn ng. Tube Wall Thickness (chiu dy thnh ng) cng c xc nh t u.41

Tube PackingTh tch xp c s dng tnh ton vn tc, N tc ng n tc phn ng.

C 2 trng l Voids Fraction v Void Volume. Gi tr mc nh Void Fraction l 1, trng hp ny c ngha l khng c cht xc tc trong thit b phn ng v Void Volume bng Total Volume. Nu gi tr Void Fraction nh hn 1, ngha l trong thit b c cht xc tc v cn cung cp thng tin trong Overall page ca Reaction Tab. Cc thng tin ny c s dng tnh ton gim p, nhit dung ca reactor v lu lng khng gian ca cht lng trong ng phn ng khi c xc tc. 9.7.4 Work Sheet Tab Worksheet tab cha tm tt ton b cc thng tin trong Stream property view cho tt c cc dng km theo thit b phn ng. Conditions, Properties, v Compositions pages c cc thng tin chn lc t cc trang tng ng ca Worksheet tab cho Stream property view. Cn PF Specs page bao gm tm tt cc tnh cht ca dng cho m phng ng. 9.7.5 Performance Tab

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Biu din s bin thin ca cc tham s dc theo trc ca PFR. Performance tab c 5 trang, mi trang c cc ng cong bin thin ca cc tham s: Conditions, Flows, Reaction Rates (Rxn Rates), Transport v Compositions. Mi trang bao gm bng s liu lin quan v th biu din. Lu rng trc honh lun lun biu din Reactor Length (chiu di ng phn ng). Cc s liu trong bng l gi tr trung bnh ca mi phn on ng phn ng v tng ng vi s phn on c xc nh ban u. Conditions PagePhysical Parameters Temperature Pressure Enthalpy Entropy Duty Vapour Fraction

Ti trang ny c th xem bng cc tham s vt l: nhit , p sut, phn mol hi, Hiu sut, Ernthalpy, Entropy, nh l hm ca chiu di ng phn ng. Nu chn phm Plot, cc th s c hin th nh trn hnh.

Flows Page C bn dng c hin th dng bng hoc dng th hm ca chiu di ng phn ng: Dng vt liu: Molar, Mass hoc Volume Dng nng lng: Heat

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Nu chn phm Plot, s liu t bng s chuyn sang dng th hm s ca chiu di ng phn ng.Mc d ch c mt Reaction Set c th c nh km vi PFR, n bao gm nhiu phn ng.

Reaction Rates Page c th xem s liu Reaction Rate hoc Component Production Rate l hm ca Reactor Length ti Rxn Rates page, bng cch la chn phm tng ng. C th xem biu din dng th bng cch chn phm Plot. Transport Page

Transport Properties Viscosity Molar Weight Mass Density Heat Capacity Surface Tension Z Factor

Cc tnh cht vn chuyn (truyn nhit v chuyn khi) cng c biu din l hm ca chiu di ng phn ng trong trang ny. C th la chn phm Plot xem th biu din. Chn phm tng ng hin th th ca tham s cn xem. Compositions Page C th xem bin i ca tng cu t ring bit bng cch s dng mt trong su tham s c bn sau: o o o Molar Flow Mass Flow Liquid Volume Flow Fraction: Mole Fraction Mass Fraction Liquid Volume Fraction C th hin th s liu dng th bng cch chn phm Plot. 9.7.6 Dynamics Tab Nu lm vic trong mi trng m phng tnh, khng cn phi thay i bt k thng tin no trong cc trang c lin quan. Thng tin chi tit v chy PFR trong m phng ng, xem trong ti liu Dynamic Modelling.

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9.7.7 PFR Example Problem Trong v d ny, nghin cu phn ng cracking on nhit aceton thnh ketene v metan trong PFR: CH3COCH3 CH2CO + CH4 Jeffreys a ra biu thc hn s tc phn ng nh sau: 34222 k = 8.2 1014 exp T

trong : k l hng s tc phn ng, sec-1 T l nhit , K Fluid Package and Reaction Setup1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Thit lp Fluid Package s dng PRSV T Reaction Manager (Reactions tab ca Simulation Basis Manager view), bm phm Add Comps. Chn phm Library trong nhm Add Comps. Chn Acetone, Methane v Ketene ng giao din Reaction Component Selection M Reaction Manager, bm phm Add Reaction. nh du Kinetic trong giao din Reactions v bm phm Add Reaction. Giao din Kinetic Reaction s xut hin. in y thng tin trong Stoichiometry, Basis v Parameters tab nh trong hnh di y:

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Gi tr A ly trc tip t biu thc tnh hng s tc phn ng, nhng khi tnh ton cn gi tr E. C th thy E/R=34222 (n v K). Do E=34222R v gi tr hng s kh l tng ty h n v, R=8.31kJ/kmol.K, t c E=2.85*105kJ/kmol

Ch c mt phn ng c s dng tnh ton, s s dng Global Rxn Set. Phn ng s t ng c gn vo. By gi phi gn cc cu t phn ng vo Fluid Package v thit lp phn ng trong Main Flowsheet, thc hin trong giao din Reaction Manager:1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

nh du Global Rxn Set trong Reaction Sets group. Bm phm Add to FP nh du Fluid Package, thit lp nh trn, trong giao din Add Global Rxn Set Bm phm Add Set to Fluid Package Bm phm Enter Simulation Environment46

Feed Stream and Connections Khi to dng nguyn liu Acetone v Plug Flow reactor nh sau: MATERIAL STREAM [Acetone] Tab [Page] Worksheet [Conditions] Worksheet [Composition] Input Area Temperature Pressure Molar Flow Acetone Mole Frac Ketene Mole Frac Methane Mole Frac Entry 761.8500 C 162.0000 kPa 137.9000 kgmole/hr 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000

Trn Parameters page ca Design tab, chn phm User Specified v t gim p (Pressure Drop) bng 0 kPa. Trn Heat Transfer page ca Design tab, chn phm Direct Q Value. Trong Heat Transfer group, t gi tr Duty l 0 kJ/hr, v y l thit b on nhit.

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Rating Tab Nhp cc thng tin cho Tube Dimensions and Tube Packing nh trong hnh di. Ch xc nh Tube Volume, Length, Number of Tubes, Wall Thickness v Void Fraction (Total Volume s c tnh ton). Diameter ca cc ng s c tnh ton.

Xt reactor c tp hp mt ngn ng (1-in. schedule) trong 40 ng, 2.28 m chiu di. ng knh trong ca ng nm trong (1-in. schedule) l 1.049 (0,0266 m) v chiu dy thnh ng l 0.133 (0.0034 m). S dng rng (void fraction) bng 1. Reactions Tab Trn Overall page ca Reactions tab, gn Global Rxn Set vo PFR. Khng cn thit phi thay i cc thng tin mc nh. Reactor s thc hin tnh ton ngay lp tc. V void fraction t bng 1, khng cn thit phi nhp thng tin v xc tc. Nh vy l thit b phn ng khng c xc tc. Steady State Solution and Profiles HYSYS tnh ton v hi t trong iu kin m phng tnh. Quan st ng pha di ca giao din, php tnh s hi t khi nhit khong 664oC. Dng sn phm (PFR Product) c cc tham s sau:48

Name Vapour Frac Temperature [C] Pressure [kPa] Molar Flow [kgmole/hr] Mass Flow [kg/hr] Liq Vol Flow [m3/day] Heat Flow [kJ/hr] Comp Mole Frac [Methane] Comp Mole Frac [Acetone] Comp Mole Frac [Ketene]

PFR Product 1.0000 649.0101 162.0000 167.9292 8009.2488 11.3991 -1.7157e+07 0.6424 0.1788 0.1788

C th xem bin thin ca cc tham s theo chiu di ng phn ng bng cch vo Performance tab v bm phm Plot. V d trong hnh di biu din trc tung l nhit . C th la chn cc tham s khc trong Performance tab bng cch chn phm khc trong Type group.

Chn mt trong nm trang trong xem cc s liu khc ca PFR, hoc dng bng hoc dng th.

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