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Imperialism The Age of Imperialism, 18501914 Slide 2 Imperialism Ambition of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region Ambition of a powerful nation to dominate the political, economic, and cultural affairs of another nation or region Seizure of a weaker country by a stronger one Seizure of a weaker country by a stronger one Slide 3 Goal of Imperialism Imperialism Trade/Trade Routes Colonies Natural Resources Wealth Gold, Silver, Money Expand Empire Market For Goods ReligionPower Slide 4 Slide 5 Slide 6 Problems Discourage Exploration Armies, rivers, disease discourage exploration Slide 7 Nations Compete for Overseas Empires Missionaries, explorers, humanitarians reach interior of Africa Slide 8 Belief in European Superiority Race for colonies grows out of national pride Racism belief that one race is better than others Social Darwinism survival of the fittest applied to human society Slide 9 Slide 10 Slide 11 Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa Technological inventions like steam engine, Machine gun help conquest Perfection of quinine protects Europeans from malaria Within Africa, Africans are divided by language and culture The Lure of Wealth Discovery of gold and diamonds increases interest in colonization Slide 12 Berlin Conference Divides Africa Berlin Conference 14 nations agree on rules for division (188485): countries must claim land and prove ability to control it By 1914, only Liberia and Ethiopia are free of European control Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies Raw materials are greatest source of wealth in Africa Businesses develop cash-crop plantations Slide 13 The Boer War Boer War between British, Boers begins in 1899 Boers are Dutch settlers British win; Boer republics united in Union of South Africa (1910) Slide 14 A New Period of Imperialism Extending Influence Europeans want to control all aspects of their colonies: influence political, social lives of people shape economies to benefit Europe want people to adopt European customs Slide 15 FormDefinitionExample Colony A country is governed by an outside power Britain will colonize 13 Original Colonies (U.S) Protectorate A country has its own government but it is still under outside control Britain established a protectorate over the Niger River delta. United States & Cuba Sphere of Influence An outside power controls the investment and trade of the country The United States established a sphere of influence over Liberia. China (Open Door Policy) Economic Imperialism A country is controlled by private business The Dole Fruit Company took control of Hawaii. Slide 16 Imperial Management Methods Indirect Control Local Government officials used Local Government officials used Limited self-rule Limited self-rule Goal: to develop future leaders Goal: to develop future leaders Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules Government institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules Direct Control Foreign officials are brought in to rule Foreign officials are brought in to rule No self-rule No self-rule Goal: assimilation (change the culture to that of the ruling country) Goal: assimilation (change the culture to that of the ruling country) Governments are based on only European styles Governments are based on only European styles Paternalism Europeans provide for local people, but grant no rights (Parent) Slide 17 African Resistance Broad resistance to imperialism, but Europeans have superior weapons Slide 18 The Legacy of Colonial Rule Negative Effects Africans lose land and independence, many lose lives Traditional cultures break down Division of Africa creates problems that continue today Positive Effects Colonialism reduces local fighting Sanitation improves; hospitals and schools created Technology brings economic growth Slide 19 The Suez Canal Egypt & the French build the Suez Canalhuman-made waterway connects Red Sea to Mediterranean Modernization efforts create huge debt British oversee financial control of canal, occupy Egypt in 1882 British left in 1956 Slide 20 British Imperialism in India East India Company Dominates British East India Company rules India until 1850s Company has its own army led by British officers Britains Jewel in the Crown India is Britains most valuable colony, jewel in the crown Forced to produce raw materials for British manufacturing Also forced to buy British goods Slide 21 Impact of Colonialism British hold much of political and economic power Cash crops result in loss of self-sufficiency, famine Indian life disrupted by missionaries and racist attitudes British modernize Indias economy, improve public health Slide 22 European Powers Invade the Pacific Rim Slide 23 Hawaii Becomes a Republic -U.S. business leaders want annexationadding territory to country -Queen Liliuokalani removed from power in 1893 -Sanford B. Dole was named President (1894) - U.S. annexes Republic of Hawaii (1898) -Became a state in 1959 Slide 24 Desire for Self-Sufficiency Industrial Revolution increased the demand for sources of power, raw materials, rose standard of living, and demand for products Industrial Revolution increased the demand for sources of power, raw materials, rose standard of living, and demand for products Industrialized nations did not want to be at the mercy of others, so they tried to gain control of the sources of the raw materials they needed Industrialized nations did not want to be at the mercy of others, so they tried to gain control of the sources of the raw materials they needed Slide 25 Imperial China Collapses China was ruled by Emperors, each heading a Dynasty. China was ruled by Emperors, each heading a Dynasty. They were self-sufficient, needing nothing from the outside world. They were self-sufficient, needing nothing from the outside world. Unwilling to trade with outsiders, English traders found the one item China did not have: Opium. Unwilling to trade with outsiders, English traders found the one item China did not have: Opium. Addicted to this narcotic, China was forced to open their doors to outsiders. Addicted to this narcotic, China was forced to open their doors to outsiders. Slide 26 Opium War A conflict between Britain & China, lasting from 1839- 1842, over Britains Opium trade in China A conflict between Britain & China, lasting from 1839- 1842, over Britains Opium trade in China China lost (Treaty of Nanjing) China lost (Treaty of Nanjing) Treaty gives Britain Hong Kong Treaty gives Britain Hong Kong Hong Kong gets independence in 1997 Hong Kong gets independence in 1997 Slide 27 Open Door Policy- policy proposed by the United States in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China Open Door Policy- policy proposed by the United States in 1899, under which all nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China Boxer Rebellion- a 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country Boxer Rebellion- a 1900 revolt in China, aimed at ending foreign influence in the country Slide 28 Slide 29 Spanish-American War 1898 President William McKinley USS Maine explodes on Feb.15, 1898 -killing 267 Americans, Assume Spanish did it Remember the Maine U.S. invades Cuba Slide 30 Spanish-American War Continued Teddy Roosevelt Rough Riders Treaty of Paris 1898 ( Signed in Paris October 1, 1898) Ended Spanish/America War (U.S. & Spain) Slide 31 New Territories for United States Philippines (bought for $20 million) Guam Puerto Rico-Commonwealth Cuba was to be independent Slide 32 Panama Canal Slide 33 THE PANAMA CANAL Cost- $380 million Workers Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time Construction took 10 years Slide 34 Panama Canal U.S. wanted a quick way to get from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean U.S. wanted a quick way to get from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean Asked Colombia for permission to build canal (said No) Asked Colombia for permission to build canal (said No) Panama along with U.S. aid proclaimed a revolution to gain independence for Panama from Colombia and succeeded in 1903 Panama along with U.S. aid proclaimed a revolution to gain independence for Panama from Colombia and succeeded in 1903 Panama gave U.S. all rights to build canal Panama gave U.S. all rights to build canal One of greatest engineering achievements opened in 1914 One of greatest engineering achievements opened in 1914 U.S. controlled it until 1999 U.S. controlled it until 1999 Slide 35 This view, provided by NASA, shows the thin blue line (canal) cutting across the middle of Panama Slide 36 Monroe Doctrine Monroe Doctrine U.S. policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe in 1823 Monroe Doctrine U.S. policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America, announced by President James Monroe in 1823 Wanted to keep Europeans out of Western Hemisphere Wanted to keep Europeans out of Western Hemisphere Slide 37 Roosevelt Corollary President Theodore Roosevelts 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which he declared that the United States had the right to exercise police power throughout the Western Hemisphere President Theodore Roosevelts 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, in which he declared that the United States had the right to exercise police power throughout the Western Hemisphere Said if any situation threatened the independence of any country in the Western Hemisphere the U.S. would act as an international Police Power to prevent a foreign country from intervening Said if any situation threatened the independence of any country in the Western Hemisphere the U.S. would act as an international Police Power to prevent a foreign country from intervening Latin Americans were enraged at the thought that they could not handle their own affairs Latin Americans were enraged at the thought that they could not handle their own affairs Slide 38 Roosevelt Corollary Roosevelt Corollary -U.S. can be police power in the Americas Roosevelt Corollary -U.S. can be police power in the Americas U.S. uses corollary to justify repeated military interventions U.S. uses corollary to justify repeated military interventions Natural consequence of Monroe Doctrine Natural consequence of Monroe Doctrine Guarantee that Latin American nations would meet their international obligations Guarantee that Latin American nations would meet their international obligations Slide 39