8r mibnerals mega packet - mr. leone's science website
TRANSCRIPT
A) basalt B) limestone C) schist D) slate
1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet?
A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc
2. Which mineral is mined for its iron content?
A) limestone B) dolostone C) rock gypsum D) rock salt
3. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?
A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) potassium D) silicon
4. Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth's crust?
A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass
5. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz?
A) pyroxene B) quartz C) biotite D) potassium feldspar
6. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite?
A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene D) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet
7. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?
A) talc B) calcite C) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum
8. Which mineral is the major component of drywall?
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9. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.
Old Man's Loss Felt in New Hampshire
FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mourn the loss of New Hampshire's well-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its 1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds had obscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturday morning. The famous mountain's history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tall profile resembling an old man's face, and it eventually became New Hampshire's most recognizable symbol.
The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003
A) NaCl B) SiO2 C) FeS2 D) PbS
The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of
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10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.
A) quartz and olivine B) plagioclase feldspar and amphibole C) potassium feldspar and biotite D) pyroxene and calcite
Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands?
A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine
11. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.
The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral?
A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrock B) cooling and solidification of lava C) compaction and cementation of shells and
skeletal remains D) chemical precipitation of minerals from
seawater
12. Most rock gypsum is formed by the
A) sandstone B) gabbro C) granite D) phyllite
13. The three statements below are observations of the same rock sample: • The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3 millimeters in diameter. • The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, green olivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole. • There are no visible gas pockets in the rock.
This rock sample is most likely
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A) marble and rhyolite B) limestone and basalt C) quartzite and rock salt D) granite and phyllite
14. Which two rocks have the most similar mineral composition?
15. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas on the map represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formed from the evaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalized structure of the area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State.
A) garnet and pyroxene B) mica and feldspar C) hornblende and olivine D) halite and gypsum
These evaporite deposits could be composed of which minerals?
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A) Most rocks are monomineralic. B) All rocks are polymineralic. C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in
common. D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.
16. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples.
Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table?
17. Base your answer to the following question on the rock sample shown below.
A) 1.2 cm B) 0.2 cm C) 6.4 cm D) 13.2 cm
The average size of the pebbles in the sample is approximately
A) are monomineralic B) are composed only of recrystallized minerals C) have a number of minerals in common D) have a 10% nonmineral composition
18. Although more than 2,000 minerals have been identified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed of the 12 minerals listed below.
The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks
A) quartz B) pyroxene C) olivine D) biotite mica
19. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite, gneiss, and hornfels?
A) granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfels B) shale, scoria, gneiss, metaconglomerate C) conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schist D) breccia, fossel limestone, bituminous coal,
siltstone
20. In which group do the rocks usually have the mineral quartz as part of their composition?
A) rock gypsum B) chemical limestone C) quartzite D) gneiss
21. Which rock is usually composed of several different minerals?
A) intergrown crystals B) fossils C) minerals D) sediments
22. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are usually composed of
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A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth.
B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several minerals in
common.
23. Which is an accurate statement about rocks?
A) They are formed from molten material. B) They are produced by heat and pressure. C) They are composed of minerals. D) They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct
layers.
24. What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have in common?
A) feldspar, quartz, and olivine B) granite, rhyolite, and basalt C) cobbles, pebbles, and silt D) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale
25. In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals?
A) minerals weather before they can be identified B) minerals have properties that are difficult to
identify C) rocks have a number of minerals in common D) exposed surface rocks are igneous
26. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most
A) Most rocks have a number of minerals in common.
B) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral. C) All rocks contain fossils. D) All rocks contain minerals formed by
compression and cementation.
27. Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?
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Base your answers to questions 28 through 30 on the mineral chart below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The mineral chart lists some properties of five minerals that are the major sources of the same metallic element that is used by many industries.
A) brucite B) canallite C) magnesite D) olivine
28. Which mineral has a different common color from its color in powdered form?
A) brucite B) magnesite C) carnallite D) olivine
29. Which mineral might scratch the mineral fluorite, but would not scratch the mineral amphibole?
A) brucite and carnallite B) carnallite and dolomite C) dolomite and magnesite D) magnesite and olivine
30. Which two minerals have compositions that are most similar to calcite?
A) pyrite B) pyroxene C) olivine D) garnet
31. The data table below gives characteristics of the gemstone peridot.
Peridot is a form of the mineral
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A) Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature. B) Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals. C) Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools. D) Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools.
32. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools.
Which statement is best supported by Bowen's Reaction Series?
A) rhyolite B) diorite C) basalt D) gabbro
33. The photograph below shows an outcrop where a light-colored, igneous rock is cross cut by a dark-colored, igneous rock.
This fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock is most likely
A) yellow to amber color B) bubbling in hydrochloric acid C) cleaves at 56° and 124° D) hardness of 5 to 6
34. Which characteristic do samples of the mineral pyroxene normally exhibit?
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A) 6 g/mL B) 24 g/mL C) 34 g/mL D) 60 g/mL
35. The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. These measurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample.
What is the density of this mineral sample?
Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D.
A) talc B) selenite gypsum C) fluorite D) quartz
36. Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D?
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37. The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A.
Mineral A is most likely
A) muscovite mica B) fluorite C) olivine D) graphite
38. The graph below shows the hardness of four minerals.
Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite but is not hard enough to scratch amphibole?
A) cleavage and color B) luster and color C) hardness and streak D) streak and cleavage
39. Which two properties are most useful in distinguishing between galena and halite?
A) shale B) phyllite C) dunite D) schist
40. A nonvesicular rock is made entirely of green 2-millimeter-diameter crystals that have a hardness of 6.5 and show fracture, but notcleavage. The rock is most likely
A) garnet B) pyroxene C) plagioclase feldspar D) selenite gypsum
41. Which mineral would most likely become rounded at the fastest rate when tumbled along
A) graphite B) calcite C) olivine D) dolomite
42. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene?
A) 1.8 g/cm3 B) 5.7 g/cm3
C) 6.1 g/cm3 D) 12.2 g/cm3
43. What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water?
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Base your answers to questions 44 and 45 on the data table below, which lists some properties of four minerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn).
A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite
44. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine?
A) all four zinc minerals in the table B) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemite C) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemite D) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite
45. A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch
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Base your answers to questions 46 and 47 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.
A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral
46. The luster of this mineral could be determined by
A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite
47. Which mineral was tested?
A) calcite B) talc C) halite D) fluorite
48. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
49. Which diagram best shows the grain size of some common sedimentary rocks?
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50. Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map below. The map shows the generalized landscape regions of Vermont.
Landscape Regions of Vermont
Most of Vermont's landscape regions consist of ancient, weathered mountains that were covered by several ice sheets during the last ice age. When the ice melted, sand, cobbles, and boulders were deposited throughout the state, Vermont is divided into six landscape regions.
(1) The Vermont Lowlands region has a mild climate, with Lake Champlain moderating its temperature. (2) The Green Mountains run the length of Vermont and were formed over 400 million years ago. Most of the bedrock is metamorphic and the region is known for its deposits of talc and asbestos. (3) The Taconic Mountains extend into New York State. Slate and marble are commonly mined in this region. (4) The Valley of Vermont is a narrow valley between two mountain ranges. Most of the bedrock in the region is limestone and marble. (5) The Vermont Piedmont covers the largest area of the state. This region consists of rolling hills and valleys. Granite mining is an important industry. (6) The Northeast Highlands is a mountainous region composed of granite bedrock.
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A) sulfur B) magnetite C) olivine D) halite
Some of the bedrock in the Green Mountains is actually green in color because of the presence of the mineral chlorite. Which other mineral can cause rocks to appear green?
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A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum.
B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny. C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz. D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5.
51. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
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Base your answers to questions 52 and 53 on map below, which shows areas where certain minerals were mined in significant amounts during 1989.
A) garnet B) halite C) talc D) gypsum
52. The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5 to 5. Which New York State mineral could easily scratch wollastonite?
A) making talcum powder B) vulcanizing rubber C) polishing jewelry D) melting ice
53. What is a common use for the mineral that is mined at the southern end of the two largest Finger Lakes?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
54. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types?
A) galena B) magnetite C) pyroxene D) graphite
55. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron?
A) color B) luster C) chemical composition D) hardness
56. A student created the table below by classify six minerals into two groups, A and B , based on a single property.
Which property was used to classify' these minerals?
A) a lubricant B) an abrasive C) a source of iron D) a cementing material
57. The mineral graphite is often used as
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A) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can not be scratched by a fingernail.
B) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can not be scratched by a steel nail.
C) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a fingernail.
D) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a steel nail.
58. The table below shows the hardness of four common materials.
Which statement best describes the hardness of the mineral dolomite?
A) quartz B) amphibole C) pyroxene D) galena
59. The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass.
If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorously for 10 minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion?
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A) sulfur and lead B) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen C) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesium D) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron
60. The table below shows some observed physical properties of a mineral.
Based on these observations, the elements that make up this mineral's composition are
Base your answers to questions 61 and 62 on the photograph below. The photograph shows several broken samples of the same colorless mineral.
A) quartz B) calcite C) galena D) halite
61. Which mineral is most likely shown in the photograph?
A) fracture B) hardness C) streak D) cleavage
62. Which physical property of this mineral is most easily seen in the photograph?
A) plastic pipes B) window glass C) drywall panels D) iron nails
63. Which home-building material is made mostly from the mineral gypsum?
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A) calcite and halite B) sulfur and fluorite C) graphite and talc D) pyrite and magnetite
64. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately 2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a human fingernail?
A) color, streak, and age B) origin, exposure, and fracture C) size, location, and luster D) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape
65. The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral's
A) Observe the color of the mineral. B) Place the mineral near a magnet. C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral. D) Measure the mass of the mineral.
66. What is the best way to determine if a mineral sample is calcite or quartz?
A) hardness B) streak C) cleavage D) luster
67. The photograph below shows a piece of halite that has been recently broken.
Which physical property of halite is demonstrated by this pattern of breakage?
A) gypsum B) fluorite C) orthoclase D) quartz
68. Which mineral will scratch glass (hardness = 5.5), but not pyrite?
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Base your answers to questions 69 and 70 on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with three different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.
A) rate of weathering of the minerals B) identity of the minerals C) environment where the minerals formed D) geologic period when the minerals formed
69. The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the
A) A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardness B) A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streak C) A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardness D) A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage
70. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested?
A) galena B) pyrite C) halite D) pyroxene
71. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calcite exhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. This mineral most likely is A) limestone and marble
B) granite and dolostone C) sandstone and quartzite D) slate and conglomerate
72. Which two rocks are primarily composed of a mineral that bubbles with acid?
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A) These minerals have the same chemical and physical properties.
B) These minerals have different chemical properties, but they have similar physical properties.
C) These minerals have different physical and chemical properties, but they have identical uses.
D) The physical and chemical properties of these minerals determine how humans use them.
73. Which statement about the minerals plagioclase feldspar, gypsum, biotite mica, and talc can best be inferred from the chart?
A) galena B) quartz C) potassium feldspar D) muscovite mica
74. Which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratched by olivine?
A) galena B) graphite C) hematite D) pyrite
75. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?
A) calcite B) halite C) pyrite D) mica
76. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
77. Halite has three cleavage directions at 90º to each other. Which model best represents the shape of a broken sample of halite?
A) density B) identity C) cleavage D) internal atomic structure
78. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate and rubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpful procedures for determining a mineral’s
A) Olivine B) Talc C) Hematite D) Potassium Feldspar
79. Which mineral has a hardness of 6, and shows cleavage?
A) Pyroxene B) Biotite Mica C) Gypsum D) Magnetite
80. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 – 3 and makes a good electrical insulator?
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81. Which mineral has a greater hardness?
A) Calcite B) Pyroxene C) Potassium Feldspar D) Garnet
82. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it?
A) 6.5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 2.5
83. What is the hardness of Sulfur?
A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz
84. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2?
A) magnetite B) pyrite C) hematite D) olivine
85. Which mineral is an ore of iron and has a characteristic reddish brown streak?
A) calcite B) feldspar C) quartz D) talc
86. Which common mineral fizzes when dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is placed on it?
A) age, density, and smoothness B) cleavage, color, and abundance C) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape D) chemical composition, size, and origin
87. Different arrangements of tetrahedra in the silicate group of minerals result in differences in the minerals'
Base your answers to questions 88 through 91 on the data table below.
A) finding the mass of a mineral sample B) finding the density of a mineral sample C) identifying a mineral sample D) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a
mineral sample
88. Moh's scale would be most useful for
A) 1 B) 9 C) 3 D) 4
89. The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire are valuable due to their color and hardness. These gemstones would most likely be located on Moh's scale at the hardness level of
A) An iron nail contains fluorite. B) A streak plate is composed of quartz. C) Topaz is harder than a steel file. D) Apatite is softer than a copper penny.
90. Which statement is best supported by the data shown?
A) resistance to breaking B) resistance to scratching C) specific heat D) specific gravity
91. Moh's scale arranges minerals according to their relative
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92. The diagrams below represent fractured samples of four minerals.
Which mineral property is best illustrated by the samples?
A) hardness B) color C) size D) texture
93. Which property is most useful in mineral identification?
Base your answers to questions 94 and 95 on the diagram and table below.
A) hardness B) luster C) cleavage D) streak
94. The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Which physical property caused the mineral to break as it did?
A) copper B) galena C) chalcopyrite D) dolomite
95. If the volume of mineral sample A is 28 cubic centimeters, sample A is most likely
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A) density B) fracture C) streak D) luster
96. The diagram below shows the results of one test for mineral identification.
Which mineral property is being tested?
A) identifying a mineral sample B) finding the mass of a mineral sample C) finding the density of a mineral sample D) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a
mineral sample
97. The data table below gives information on mineral hardness.
Moh's scale would be most useful for
A) rock salt B) rhyolite C) basalt D) conglomerate
98. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic?
A) luster B) streak C) hardness D) cleavage
99. Which mineral property is illustrated by the peeling of muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets?
A) hardness B) texture C) color D) luster
100. One of the most abundant minerals in beach sand is quartz. Which property of quartz could account for its abundance?
A) scratching the mineral across a glass plate B) squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliers C) determining the density of the mineral D) breaking the mineral with a hammer
101. The relative hardness of a mineral can best be tested by
A) color B) hardness C) luster D) cleavage
102. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is a method used for determining the mineral's
A) the method by which they were formed B) the type of rock in which they are found C) the size of their crystals D) their physical and chemical properties
103. Minerals are identified on the basis of
A) have the same hardness B) are the same color C) contain silicon and oxygen D) break along cleavage planes
104. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and olivine are similar because they
A) galena B) quartz C) magnetite D) gypsum
105. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)?
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106. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same chemical composition (Al2SiO5) crystallize.
A) pyrite B) gypsum C) dolomite D) potassium feldspar
Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?
A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica is not.
B) Biotite mica contains iron and/or magnesium, but muscovite mica does not.
C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotite mica does not.
D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, but biotite mica does not.
107. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovite mica different?
A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb
108. Which of the following elements is not found in Plagioclase Feldspar?
A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite
109. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine?
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Base your answers to questions 110 through 112 on the table below which provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.
A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite
110. Rock B most likely is
A) green color B) felsic composition C) folded layers D) metallic luster
111. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?
A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead
112. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust. These two elements are oxygen and
A) the same elements are found in all minerals B) a few elements are found in many minerals C) all elements are found in only a few minerals D) all elements are found in all minerals
113. The data table below shows the composition of six common rock-forming minerals.
The data table provides evidence that
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A)
B)
C)
D)
114. Which graph best represents the textures of granite, pegmatite, and rhyolite?
A) sample size B) hardness C) type of luster D) angles of cleavage
115. Which property is most useful in distinguishing pyroxene from amphibole?
A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms
116. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals.
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because
A) biotite mica and muscovite mica B) sulfur and amphibole C) quartz and calcite D) halite and pyroxene
117. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right angles?
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Base your answers to questions 118 and 119 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
A) emerald and spinel B) emerald and zircon C) sapphire and spinel D) sapphire and zircon
118. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust?
A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formation C) oxygen content D) natural abundance
119. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone's
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A) age of formation B) infiltration rate C) physical properties D) temperature of formation
120. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.
An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's
A) is very dense B) is very soft C) contains certain impurities D) has a regular arrangement of atoms
121. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite.
The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite
A) is very hard B) is very dense C) contains large amounts of iron D) has a regular arrangement of atoms
122. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer.
This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it
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Base your answers to questions 123 and 124 on Moh's mineral hardness scale and on the chart below showing the approximate hardness of some common objects.
A) A fingernail will scratch calcite, but not quartz.
B) A fingernail will scratch quartz, but not calcite.
C) A piece of glass can be scratched by quartz, but not by calcite.
D) A piece of glass can be scratched by calcite, but not by quartz.
123. Which statement is best supported by this scale?
A) mineral's color B) mineral's abundance in nature C) amount of iron the mineral contains D) internal arrangement of the mineral's
atoms
124. The hardness of these minerals is most closely related to the
A) Pyrite B) Pyroxene C) Garnet D) Fluorite
125. Which of the following show cleavage in 2 directions at 90%?
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Base your answers to questions 126 and 127 on the table below, which shows the characteristics of four different mineral samples.
A) halite and quartz B) halite and gold C) galena and quartz D) galena and gold
126. Which two mineral samples would be most difficult to distinguish from each other based on their color, luster, and streak?
A) galena and quartz B) galena and halite C) gold and halite D) gold and galena
127. Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms?
A) hardness B) abundance in nature C) arrangement of atoms D) exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere
128. A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral’s
A) fluorite B) halite C) quartz D) galena
129. The elements contained in four minerals are given in the table below. The basic structural unit of one of the minerals is also shown. The atom of element 1 is surrounded by four atoms of element 2.
In which mineral are the atoms arranged as shown in the basic structural unit?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal
B) emperature at which the crystal formed C) type of surface on which the crystal formed D) stream erosion that changed the crystal
130. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of the mineral halite
The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the
A) internal arrangement of atoms B) external arrangement of flat surfaces C) number of pointed edges D) member of cleavage planes
131. Differences in hardness between minerals are most likely caused by the
A) crystal shape B) cleavage C) luster D) hardness
132. Which property of the mineral diamond allows diamond powder to be used to shape gems for jewelry?
A) B)
C) D)
133. Which diagram best represents the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron of which talc, feldspar, and quartz are composed?
A) density and color B) texture and color of streak C) type of cleavage and hardness D) internal arrangement of atoms
134. The physical properties of minerals result from their
A) size of the mineral sample B) age of the mineral sample C) method by which the mineral sample was
broken D) internal arrangement of the mineral's
atoms
135. A mineral's physical characteristics, such as hardness, cleavage, and luster, are dependent on the
A) density B) oxygen content C) internal arrangement of atoms D) position among surrounding minerals
136. The cleavage or fracture of a mineral is normally determined by the mineral's
A)
B)
C)
D)
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) arrangement of atoms in the mineral B) impurities found in the mineral C) softness of the mineral D) density of the mineral
138. The diagrams below illustrate a specific property of certain minerals.
This property is most closely related to the
A) hydrosphere B) troposphere C) lithosphere D) stratosphere
139. The diagram below represents top and side views of a model of the silicate tetrahedron.
This tetrahedron is found in large amounts in the Earth's
A) The atoms are lighter in graphite than in diamond.
B) The atoms are heavier in graphite than in diamond.
C) The atoms are bonded together more strongly in diamond than in graphite.
D) The atoms are smaller in graphite than in diamond.
140. Two minerals made of pure carbon are diamond and graphite. Which statement best explains why diamond is so much more resistant to scratching than graphite?
A) the internal arrangement of carbon atoms is different in each mineral
B) graphite contains impurities not found in diamonds
C) graphite contains radioactive carbon-14 but diamonds do not
D) diamonds contain silicate tetrahedra but graphite does not
141. Although diamonds and graphite both consist of the element carbon, their physical properties are very different. The most likely explanation for these differences is that
A) atomic arrangement B) chemical composition C) hardness D) density
142. The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheets mainly because of its
A) tetrahedron B) cube C) sphere D) cylinder
143. The diagram below represents a basic atomic structure that forms when oxygen and silicon unite.
This structure is called a
A) metamorphism of the halite B) the internal arrangement of the atoms in
halite C) the amount of erosion the halite has undergone D) the shape of other minerals located where the
halite formed
144. What causes the characteristic crystal shape and cleavage (breaking along flat surfaces) of the mineral halite as shown in the diagram below?
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A) They have the same density. B) They are similar in appearance. C) They contain silicon and oxygen. D) They are the same mineral.
145. Two mineral samples have different physical properties, but each contains silicate tetrahedrons as its basic structural unit. Which statement about the two mineral samples must be true?
A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) potassium D) hydrogen
146. Which element combines with silicon to form the tetrahedral unit of structure of the silicate minerals?
A) B)
C) D)
147. Which object is the best model of the shape of a silicon-oxygen structural unit?
A) internal arrangement of the elements from which quartz is formed
B) shape of the other rock crystals in the area where the quartz was formed
C) amount of weathering that the quartz has been exposed to
D) age of the quartz crystal
148. The crystal characteristics of quartz shown in the accompanying diagram are the result of the
Answer Key 8R MINERAL MEGA PACKET
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C
37. B 38. B 39. B 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. D 55. B 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C 61. D 62. D 63. C 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. A 71. A 72. A
73. D 74. C 75. D 76. B 77. B 78. B 79. D 80. B 81. C 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. C 86. A 87. C 88. C 89. B 90. C 91. B 92. C 93. A 94. C 95. B 96. C 97. A 98. A 99. D 100. A 101. A 102. B 103. D 104. C 105. A 106. D 107. B 108. D
109. D 110. D 111. A 112. B 113. B 114. D 115. D 116. D 117. D 118. B 119. A 120. C 121. D 122. D 123. C 124. D 125. B 126. A 127. B 128. C 129. C 130. A 131. A 132. D 133. D 134. D 135. D 136. C 137. A 138. A 139. C 140. C 141. A 142. A 143. A 144. B
Answer Key 8R MINERAL MEGA PACKET
145. C 146. A 147. B 148. A
1. Which rock would be the best source of the mineral garnet?
A) hematite B) fluorite C) galena D) talc
2. Which mineral is mined for its iron content?
A) limestone B) dolostone C) rock gypsum D) rock salt
3. Which rock is composed of the mineral halite that formed when seawater evaporated?
A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) potassium D) silicon
4. Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth's crust?
A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass
5. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz?
A) pyroxene B) quartz C) biotite D) potassium feldspar
6. Which mineral can be found in all samples of rhyolite and andesite?
A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene D) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet
7. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials?
A) talc B) calcite C) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum
8. Which mineral is the major component of drywall?
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9. Base your answer to the following question on on the photographs and news article below.
Old Man's Loss Felt in New Hampshire
FRANCONIA, N.H. — Crowds of visitors were drawn to Franconia Notch on Sunday to mourn the loss of New Hampshire's well-known symbol — the Old Man of the Mountain granite profile. The 700-ton natural formation was just a pile of rocks after breaking loose from its 1,200-foot-high mountainside perch. It was unclear when the outcropping fell because clouds had obscured the area Thursday and Friday; a state park trail crew discovered the collapse Saturday morning. The famous mountain's history dates millions of years. Over time, nature carved out a 40-foot-tall profile resembling an old man's face, and it eventually became New Hampshire's most recognizable symbol.
The Buffalo News, May 5, 2003
A) NaCl B) SiO2 C) FeS2 D) PbS
The rock of the Old Man of the Mountain most likely includes a mineral with a composition of
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
10. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The arrows show the direction in which sediment is being transported along the shoreline. A barrier beach has formed, creating a lagoon (a shallow body of water in which sediments are being deposited). The eroded headlands are composed of diorite bedrock. A groin has recently been constructed. Groins are wall-like structures built into the water perpendicular to the shoreline to trap beach sand.
A) quartz and olivine B) plagioclase feldspar and amphibole C) potassium feldspar and biotite D) pyroxene and calcite
Which two minerals are most likely found in the beach sand that was eroded from the headlands?
A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine
11. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals.
The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral?
A) heating of previously existing foliated bedrock B) cooling and solidification of lava C) compaction and cementation of shells and
skeletal remains D) chemical precipitation of minerals from
seawater
12. Most rock gypsum is formed by the
A) sandstone B) gabbro C) granite D) phyllite
13. The three statements below are observations of the same rock sample: • The rock has intergrown crystals from 2 to 3 millimeters in diameter. • The minerals in the rock are gray feldspar, green olivine, green pyroxene, and black amphibole. • There are no visible gas pockets in the rock.
This rock sample is most likely
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) marble and rhyolite B) limestone and basalt C) quartzite and rock salt D) granite and phyllite
14. Which two rocks have the most similar mineral composition?
15. Base your answer to the following question on the map and cross section below. The shaded areas on the map represent regions of the United States that have evaporite rock layers (layers of rock formed from the evaporation of seawater) under the surface bedrock. The cross section shows the generalized structure of the area in which the evaporite layers are found in New York State.
A) garnet and pyroxene B) mica and feldspar C) hornblende and olivine D) halite and gypsum
These evaporite deposits could be composed of which minerals?
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A) Most rocks are monomineralic. B) All rocks are polymineralic. C) Many rocks have a number of minerals in
common. D) Only igneous rocks contain quartz.
16. The table below indicates the presence of various minerals in different rock samples.
Which statement is an accurate conclusion based on the information provided in the table?
17. Base your answer to the following question on the rock sample shown below.
A) 1.2 cm B) 0.2 cm C) 6.4 cm D) 13.2 cm
The average size of the pebbles in the sample is approximately
A) are monomineralic B) are composed only of recrystallized minerals C) have a number of minerals in common D) have a 10% nonmineral composition
18. Although more than 2,000 minerals have been identified, 90% of Earth's lithosphere is composed of the 12 minerals listed below.
The best explanation for this fact is that most rocks
A) quartz B) pyroxene C) olivine D) biotite mica
19. Which mineral can be found in granite, andesite, gneiss, and hornfels?
A) granite, rhyolite, sandstone, hornfels B) shale, scoria, gneiss, metaconglomerate C) conglomerate, gabbro, rock salt, schist D) breccia, fossel limestone, bituminous coal,
siltstone
20. In which group do the rocks usually have the mineral quartz as part of their composition?
A) rock gypsum B) chemical limestone C) quartzite D) gneiss
21. Which rock is usually composed of several different minerals?
A) intergrown crystals B) fossils C) minerals D) sediments
22. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are usually composed of
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) Rocks are located only in continental areas of the Earth.
B) Rocks seldom undergo change. C) Most rocks contain fossils. D) Most rocks have several minerals in
common.
23. Which is an accurate statement about rocks?
A) They are formed from molten material. B) They are produced by heat and pressure. C) They are composed of minerals. D) They exhibit crystals, banding, and distinct
layers.
24. What do most igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks have in common?
A) feldspar, quartz, and olivine B) granite, rhyolite, and basalt C) cobbles, pebbles, and silt D) conglomerate, sandstone, and shale
25. In which group are all the earth materials classified as minerals?
A) minerals weather before they can be identified B) minerals have properties that are difficult to
identify C) rocks have a number of minerals in common D) exposed surface rocks are igneous
26. Of the Earth's more than 2,000 identified minerals, only a small number are commonly found in rocks. This fact indicates that most
A) Most rocks have a number of minerals in common.
B) Most rocks are composed of a single mineral. C) All rocks contain fossils. D) All rocks contain minerals formed by
compression and cementation.
27. Which statement best describes a general property of rocks?
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Base your answers to questions 28 through 30 on the mineral chart below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The mineral chart lists some properties of five minerals that are the major sources of the same metallic element that is used by many industries.
A) brucite B) canallite C) magnesite D) olivine
28. Which mineral has a different common color from its color in powdered form?
A) brucite B) magnesite C) carnallite D) olivine
29. Which mineral might scratch the mineral fluorite, but would not scratch the mineral amphibole?
A) brucite and carnallite B) carnallite and dolomite C) dolomite and magnesite D) magnesite and olivine
30. Which two minerals have compositions that are most similar to calcite?
A) pyrite B) pyroxene C) olivine D) garnet
31. The data table below gives characteristics of the gemstone peridot.
Peridot is a form of the mineral
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A) Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature. B) Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals. C) Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools. D) Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools.
32. The diagram of Bowen's Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools.
Which statement is best supported by Bowen's Reaction Series?
A) rhyolite B) diorite C) basalt D) gabbro
33. The photograph below shows an outcrop where a light-colored, igneous rock is cross cut by a dark-colored, igneous rock.
This fine-grained, dark-colored, igneous rock is most likely
A) yellow to amber color B) bubbling in hydrochloric acid C) cleaves at 56° and 124° D) hardness of 5 to 6
34. Which characteristic do samples of the mineral pyroxene normally exhibit?
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A) 6 g/mL B) 24 g/mL C) 34 g/mL D) 60 g/mL
35. The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. These measurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample.
What is the density of this mineral sample?
Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D.
A) talc B) selenite gypsum C) fluorite D) quartz
36. Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D?
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37. The diagram below represents a sample of mineral A.
Mineral A is most likely
A) muscovite mica B) fluorite C) olivine D) graphite
38. The graph below shows the hardness of four minerals.
Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite but is not hard enough to scratch amphibole?
A) cleavage and color B) luster and color C) hardness and streak D) streak and cleavage
39. Which two properties are most useful in distinguishing between galena and halite?
A) shale B) phyllite C) dunite D) schist
40. A nonvesicular rock is made entirely of green 2-millimeter-diameter crystals that have a hardness of 6.5 and show fracture, but notcleavage. The rock is most likely
A) garnet B) pyroxene C) plagioclase feldspar D) selenite gypsum
41. Which mineral would most likely become rounded at the fastest rate when tumbled along
A) graphite B) calcite C) olivine D) dolomite
42. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene?
A) 1.8 g/cm3 B) 5.7 g/cm3
C) 6.1 g/cm3 D) 12.2 g/cm3
43. What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 44 and 45 on the data table below, which lists some properties of four minerals that are used as ores of zinc (Zn).
A) zincite B) willemite C) sphalerite D) smithsonite
44. Which mineral belongs in the same mineral group as quartz and olivine?
A) all four zinc minerals in the table B) zincite, but not sphalerite, smithsonite, or willemite C) zincite and sphalerite, but not smithsonite or willemite D) zincite, sphalerite, and smithsonite, but not willemite
45. A mineral with a hardness of 5 would scratch
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 46 and 47 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral.
A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral
46. The luster of this mineral could be determined by
A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite
47. Which mineral was tested?
A) calcite B) talc C) halite D) fluorite
48. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive?
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A)
B)
C)
D)
49. Which diagram best shows the grain size of some common sedimentary rocks?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
50. Base your answer to the following question on the passage and map below. The map shows the generalized landscape regions of Vermont.
Landscape Regions of Vermont
Most of Vermont's landscape regions consist of ancient, weathered mountains that were covered by several ice sheets during the last ice age. When the ice melted, sand, cobbles, and boulders were deposited throughout the state, Vermont is divided into six landscape regions.
(1) The Vermont Lowlands region has a mild climate, with Lake Champlain moderating its temperature. (2) The Green Mountains run the length of Vermont and were formed over 400 million years ago. Most of the bedrock is metamorphic and the region is known for its deposits of talc and asbestos. (3) The Taconic Mountains extend into New York State. Slate and marble are commonly mined in this region. (4) The Valley of Vermont is a narrow valley between two mountain ranges. Most of the bedrock in the region is limestone and marble. (5) The Vermont Piedmont covers the largest area of the state. This region consists of rolling hills and valleys. Granite mining is an important industry. (6) The Northeast Highlands is a mountainous region composed of granite bedrock.
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) sulfur B) magnetite C) olivine D) halite
Some of the bedrock in the Green Mountains is actually green in color because of the presence of the mineral chlorite. Which other mineral can cause rocks to appear green?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum.
B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny. C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz. D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5.
51. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects.
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 52 and 53 on map below, which shows areas where certain minerals were mined in significant amounts during 1989.
A) garnet B) halite C) talc D) gypsum
52. The mineral wollastonite has a hardness of 4.5 to 5. Which New York State mineral could easily scratch wollastonite?
A) making talcum powder B) vulcanizing rubber C) polishing jewelry D) melting ice
53. What is a common use for the mineral that is mined at the southern end of the two largest Finger Lakes?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A)
B)
C)
D)
54. In which set are the rock drawings labeled with their correct rock types?
A) galena B) magnetite C) pyroxene D) graphite
55. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron?
A) color B) luster C) chemical composition D) hardness
56. A student created the table below by classify six minerals into two groups, A and B , based on a single property.
Which property was used to classify' these minerals?
A) a lubricant B) an abrasive C) a source of iron D) a cementing material
57. The mineral graphite is often used as
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can not be scratched by a fingernail.
B) Dolomite can scratch window glass, but can not be scratched by a steel nail.
C) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a fingernail.
D) Dolomite can scratch a copper penny, but cannot be scratched by a steel nail.
58. The table below shows the hardness of four common materials.
Which statement best describes the hardness of the mineral dolomite?
A) quartz B) amphibole C) pyroxene D) galena
59. The diagram below shows four mineral samples, each having approximately the same mass.
If all four samples are placed together in a closed, dry container and shaken vigorously for 10 minutes, which mineral sample would experience the most abrasion?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) sulfur and lead B) sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen C) oxygen, silicon, hydrogen, and magnesium D) oxygen, silicon, aluminum, and iron
60. The table below shows some observed physical properties of a mineral.
Based on these observations, the elements that make up this mineral's composition are
Base your answers to questions 61 and 62 on the photograph below. The photograph shows several broken samples of the same colorless mineral.
A) quartz B) calcite C) galena D) halite
61. Which mineral is most likely shown in the photograph?
A) fracture B) hardness C) streak D) cleavage
62. Which physical property of this mineral is most easily seen in the photograph?
A) plastic pipes B) window glass C) drywall panels D) iron nails
63. Which home-building material is made mostly from the mineral gypsum?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) calcite and halite B) sulfur and fluorite C) graphite and talc D) pyrite and magnetite
64. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately 2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a human fingernail?
A) color, streak, and age B) origin, exposure, and fracture C) size, location, and luster D) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape
65. The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral's
A) Observe the color of the mineral. B) Place the mineral near a magnet. C) Place a drop of acid on the mineral. D) Measure the mass of the mineral.
66. What is the best way to determine if a mineral sample is calcite or quartz?
A) hardness B) streak C) cleavage D) luster
67. The photograph below shows a piece of halite that has been recently broken.
Which physical property of halite is demonstrated by this pattern of breakage?
A) gypsum B) fluorite C) orthoclase D) quartz
68. Which mineral will scratch glass (hardness = 5.5), but not pyrite?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 69 and 70 on the diagram below, which shows three minerals with three different physical tests, A, B, and C, being performed on them.
A) rate of weathering of the minerals B) identity of the minerals C) environment where the minerals formed D) geologic period when the minerals formed
69. The results of all three physical tests shown are most useful for determining the
A) A—cleavage; B—streak; C—hardness B) A—cleavage; B—hardness; C—streak C) A—streak; B—cleavage; C—hardness D) A—streak; B—hardness; C—cleavage
70. Which sequence correctly matches each test, A, B, and C, with the mineral property tested?
A) galena B) pyrite C) halite D) pyroxene
71. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calcite exhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. This mineral most likely is A) limestone and marble
B) granite and dolostone C) sandstone and quartzite D) slate and conglomerate
72. Which two rocks are primarily composed of a mineral that bubbles with acid?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) These minerals have the same chemical and physical properties.
B) These minerals have different chemical properties, but they have similar physical properties.
C) These minerals have different physical and chemical properties, but they have identical uses.
D) The physical and chemical properties of these minerals determine how humans use them.
73. Which statement about the minerals plagioclase feldspar, gypsum, biotite mica, and talc can best be inferred from the chart?
A) galena B) quartz C) potassium feldspar D) muscovite mica
74. Which mineral scratches dolomite and is scratched by olivine?
A) galena B) graphite C) hematite D) pyrite
75. Which mineral leaves a green-black powder when rubbed against an unglazed porcelain plate?
A) calcite B) halite C) pyrite D) mica
76. Which mineral is white or colorless, has a hardness of 2.5, and splits with cubic cleavage?
A)
B)
C)
D)
77. Halite has three cleavage directions at 90º to each other. Which model best represents the shape of a broken sample of halite?
A) density B) identity C) cleavage D) internal atomic structure
78. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate and rubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpful procedures for determining a mineral’s
A) Olivine B) Talc C) Hematite D) Potassium Feldspar
79. Which mineral has a hardness of 6, and shows cleavage?
A) Pyroxene B) Biotite Mica C) Gypsum D) Magnetite
80. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 – 3 and makes a good electrical insulator?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
81. Which mineral has a greater hardness?
A) Calcite B) Pyroxene C) Potassium Feldspar D) Garnet
82. Which mineral bubbles when acid is placed on it?
A) 6.5 B) 2 C) 3 D) 2.5
83. What is the hardness of Sulfur?
A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz
84. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2?
A) magnetite B) pyrite C) hematite D) olivine
85. Which mineral is an ore of iron and has a characteristic reddish brown streak?
A) calcite B) feldspar C) quartz D) talc
86. Which common mineral fizzes when dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) is placed on it?
A) age, density, and smoothness B) cleavage, color, and abundance C) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape D) chemical composition, size, and origin
87. Different arrangements of tetrahedra in the silicate group of minerals result in differences in the minerals'
Base your answers to questions 88 through 91 on the data table below.
A) finding the mass of a mineral sample B) finding the density of a mineral sample C) identifying a mineral sample D) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a
mineral sample
88. Moh's scale would be most useful for
A) 1 B) 9 C) 3 D) 4
89. The durable gemstones ruby and sapphire are valuable due to their color and hardness. These gemstones would most likely be located on Moh's scale at the hardness level of
A) An iron nail contains fluorite. B) A streak plate is composed of quartz. C) Topaz is harder than a steel file. D) Apatite is softer than a copper penny.
90. Which statement is best supported by the data shown?
A) resistance to breaking B) resistance to scratching C) specific heat D) specific gravity
91. Moh's scale arranges minerals according to their relative
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
92. The diagrams below represent fractured samples of four minerals.
Which mineral property is best illustrated by the samples?
A) hardness B) color C) size D) texture
93. Which property is most useful in mineral identification?
Base your answers to questions 94 and 95 on the diagram and table below.
A) hardness B) luster C) cleavage D) streak
94. The original shape of mineral sample A was altered when it was hit with a rock hammer. Which physical property caused the mineral to break as it did?
A) copper B) galena C) chalcopyrite D) dolomite
95. If the volume of mineral sample A is 28 cubic centimeters, sample A is most likely
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) density B) fracture C) streak D) luster
96. The diagram below shows the results of one test for mineral identification.
Which mineral property is being tested?
A) identifying a mineral sample B) finding the mass of a mineral sample C) finding the density of a mineral sample D) counting the number of cleavage surfaces of a
mineral sample
97. The data table below gives information on mineral hardness.
Moh's scale would be most useful for
A) rock salt B) rhyolite C) basalt D) conglomerate
98. Which rock type is most likely to be monomineralic?
A) luster B) streak C) hardness D) cleavage
99. Which mineral property is illustrated by the peeling of muscovite mica into thin, flat sheets?
A) hardness B) texture C) color D) luster
100. One of the most abundant minerals in beach sand is quartz. Which property of quartz could account for its abundance?
A) scratching the mineral across a glass plate B) squeezing the mineral with calibrated pliers C) determining the density of the mineral D) breaking the mineral with a hammer
101. The relative hardness of a mineral can best be tested by
A) color B) hardness C) luster D) cleavage
102. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate is a method used for determining the mineral's
A) the method by which they were formed B) the type of rock in which they are found C) the size of their crystals D) their physical and chemical properties
103. Minerals are identified on the basis of
A) have the same hardness B) are the same color C) contain silicon and oxygen D) break along cleavage planes
104. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and olivine are similar because they
A) galena B) quartz C) magnetite D) gypsum
105. Which mineral is commonly mined as a source of the element lead (Pb)?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
106. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the crustal temperature and pressure conditions under which three different minerals with the same chemical composition (Al2SiO5) crystallize.
A) pyrite B) gypsum C) dolomite D) potassium feldspar
Which mineral has a chemical composition most similar to andalusite, sillimanite, and kyanite?
A) Biotite mica is colorless, but muscovite mica is not.
B) Biotite mica contains iron and/or magnesium, but muscovite mica does not.
C) Muscovite mica scratches quartz, but biotite mica does not.
D) Muscovite mica cleaves into thin sheets, but biotite mica does not.
107. How are the minerals biotite mica and muscovite mica different?
A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb
108. Which of the following elements is not found in Plagioclase Feldspar?
A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite
109. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine?
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Base your answers to questions 110 through 112 on the table below which provides information about the crystal sizes and the mineral compositions of four igneous rocks, A, B, C, and D.
A) conglomerate B) schist C) obsidian D) peridotite
110. Rock B most likely is
A) green color B) felsic composition C) folded layers D) metallic luster
111. Which characteristic of rock B could be caused by the minerals pyroxene and olivine?
A) magnesium B) silicon C) iron D) lead
112. The mineral quartz in rock A is composed of the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust. These two elements are oxygen and
A) the same elements are found in all minerals B) a few elements are found in many minerals C) all elements are found in only a few minerals D) all elements are found in all minerals
113. The data table below shows the composition of six common rock-forming minerals.
The data table provides evidence that
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A)
B)
C)
D)
114. Which graph best represents the textures of granite, pegmatite, and rhyolite?
A) sample size B) hardness C) type of luster D) angles of cleavage
115. Which property is most useful in distinguishing pyroxene from amphibole?
A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms
116. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals.
Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because
A) biotite mica and muscovite mica B) sulfur and amphibole C) quartz and calcite D) halite and pyroxene
117. Which two minerals have cleavage planes at right angles?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 118 and 119 on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest).
A) emerald and spinel B) emerald and zircon C) sapphire and spinel D) sapphire and zircon
118. Which gemstone minerals contain the two most abundant elements by mass in Earth's crust?
A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formation C) oxygen content D) natural abundance
119. The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone's
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) age of formation B) infiltration rate C) physical properties D) temperature of formation
120. The diagram below represents a part of the crystal structure of the mineral kaolinite.
An arrangement of atoms such as the one shown in the diagram determines a mineral's
A) is very dense B) is very soft C) contains certain impurities D) has a regular arrangement of atoms
121. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite.
The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite
A) is very hard B) is very dense C) contains large amounts of iron D) has a regular arrangement of atoms
122. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer.
This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
Base your answers to questions 123 and 124 on Moh's mineral hardness scale and on the chart below showing the approximate hardness of some common objects.
A) A fingernail will scratch calcite, but not quartz.
B) A fingernail will scratch quartz, but not calcite.
C) A piece of glass can be scratched by quartz, but not by calcite.
D) A piece of glass can be scratched by calcite, but not by quartz.
123. Which statement is best supported by this scale?
A) mineral's color B) mineral's abundance in nature C) amount of iron the mineral contains D) internal arrangement of the mineral's
atoms
124. The hardness of these minerals is most closely related to the
A) Pyrite B) Pyroxene C) Garnet D) Fluorite
125. Which of the following show cleavage in 2 directions at 90%?
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Base your answers to questions 126 and 127 on the table below, which shows the characteristics of four different mineral samples.
A) halite and quartz B) halite and gold C) galena and quartz D) galena and gold
126. Which two mineral samples would be most difficult to distinguish from each other based on their color, luster, and streak?
A) galena and quartz B) galena and halite C) gold and halite D) gold and galena
127. Which two mineral samples most likely have a similar internal arrangement of atoms?
A) hardness B) abundance in nature C) arrangement of atoms D) exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere
128. A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral’s
A) fluorite B) halite C) quartz D) galena
129. The elements contained in four minerals are given in the table below. The basic structural unit of one of the minerals is also shown. The atom of element 1 is surrounded by four atoms of element 2.
In which mineral are the atoms arranged as shown in the basic structural unit?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal
B) emperature at which the crystal formed C) type of surface on which the crystal formed D) stream erosion that changed the crystal
130. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of the mineral halite
The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the
A) internal arrangement of atoms B) external arrangement of flat surfaces C) number of pointed edges D) member of cleavage planes
131. Differences in hardness between minerals are most likely caused by the
A) crystal shape B) cleavage C) luster D) hardness
132. Which property of the mineral diamond allows diamond powder to be used to shape gems for jewelry?
A) B)
C) D)
133. Which diagram best represents the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron of which talc, feldspar, and quartz are composed?
A) density and color B) texture and color of streak C) type of cleavage and hardness D) internal arrangement of atoms
134. The physical properties of minerals result from their
A) size of the mineral sample B) age of the mineral sample C) method by which the mineral sample was
broken D) internal arrangement of the mineral's
atoms
135. A mineral's physical characteristics, such as hardness, cleavage, and luster, are dependent on the
A) density B) oxygen content C) internal arrangement of atoms D) position among surrounding minerals
136. The cleavage or fracture of a mineral is normally determined by the mineral's
A)
B)
C)
D)
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) arrangement of atoms in the mineral B) impurities found in the mineral C) softness of the mineral D) density of the mineral
138. The diagrams below illustrate a specific property of certain minerals.
This property is most closely related to the
A) hydrosphere B) troposphere C) lithosphere D) stratosphere
139. The diagram below represents top and side views of a model of the silicate tetrahedron.
This tetrahedron is found in large amounts in the Earth's
A) The atoms are lighter in graphite than in diamond.
B) The atoms are heavier in graphite than in diamond.
C) The atoms are bonded together more strongly in diamond than in graphite.
D) The atoms are smaller in graphite than in diamond.
140. Two minerals made of pure carbon are diamond and graphite. Which statement best explains why diamond is so much more resistant to scratching than graphite?
A) the internal arrangement of carbon atoms is different in each mineral
B) graphite contains impurities not found in diamonds
C) graphite contains radioactive carbon-14 but diamonds do not
D) diamonds contain silicate tetrahedra but graphite does not
141. Although diamonds and graphite both consist of the element carbon, their physical properties are very different. The most likely explanation for these differences is that
A) atomic arrangement B) chemical composition C) hardness D) density
142. The mineral mica breaks evenly along flat sheets mainly because of its
A) tetrahedron B) cube C) sphere D) cylinder
143. The diagram below represents a basic atomic structure that forms when oxygen and silicon unite.
This structure is called a
A) metamorphism of the halite B) the internal arrangement of the atoms in
halite C) the amount of erosion the halite has undergone D) the shape of other minerals located where the
halite formed
144. What causes the characteristic crystal shape and cleavage (breaking along flat surfaces) of the mineral halite as shown in the diagram below?
8R MIBNERALS MEGA PACKET
A) They have the same density. B) They are similar in appearance. C) They contain silicon and oxygen. D) They are the same mineral.
145. Two mineral samples have different physical properties, but each contains silicate tetrahedrons as its basic structural unit. Which statement about the two mineral samples must be true?
A) oxygen B) nitrogen C) potassium D) hydrogen
146. Which element combines with silicon to form the tetrahedral unit of structure of the silicate minerals?
A) B)
C) D)
147. Which object is the best model of the shape of a silicon-oxygen structural unit?
A) internal arrangement of the elements from which quartz is formed
B) shape of the other rock crystals in the area where the quartz was formed
C) amount of weathering that the quartz has been exposed to
D) age of the quartz crystal
148. The crystal characteristics of quartz shown in the accompanying diagram are the result of the
Answer Key 8R MINERAL MEGA PACKET
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. C 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C
37. B 38. B 39. B 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. C 51. B 52. A 53. D 54. D 55. B 56. B 57. A 58. C 59. D 60. C 61. D 62. D 63. C 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. C 68. C 69. B 70. A 71. A 72. A
73. D 74. C 75. D 76. B 77. B 78. B 79. D 80. B 81. C 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. C 86. A 87. C 88. C 89. B 90. C 91. B 92. C 93. A 94. C 95. B 96. C 97. A 98. A 99. D 100. A 101. A 102. B 103. D 104. C 105. A 106. D 107. B 108. D
109. D 110. D 111. A 112. B 113. B 114. D 115. D 116. D 117. D 118. B 119. A 120. C 121. D 122. D 123. C 124. D 125. B 126. A 127. B 128. C 129. C 130. A 131. A 132. D 133. D 134. D 135. D 136. C 137. A 138. A 139. C 140. C 141. A 142. A 143. A 144. B
Answer Key 8R MINERAL MEGA PACKET
145. C 146. A 147. B 148. A