88 The Reformation in Spain: Enzinas’ New Testament

SPAIN DESPERATELY NEEDED THE GOSPEL.

1542, Francisco de Enzinas

Spanish New Testament

Philip Melanchthon

Enzinas King Charles V

Dominican Pedro de Soto .

Inquisition! De Soto

The Inquisition King Ferdinand

Queen Isabella 1480

1492 1501

leave

Martin Luther and assistant Philip Melanchthon

FRANCISCO DE ENZINAS WAS A MARKED MAN!

SP

AIN

IT’S MINE!

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

89The Reformation in Spain: Enzinas’ New Testament

THE INQUISITION CAPTURED ENZINAS!

Example of a public Inquisition in Mexico in the 1540s.

February 1545

1548

Enzinas’ New Testament, 1543 copy.

BUT THIS WAS NOT HIS LIFE’S AMBITION...

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

90 The Reformation in Spain: a Spanish Old Testament

Enzinas wanted to translate the whole Spanish Bible.

1550

December 30, 1552, Someone else

AND GOD SUPPLIED: AT THAT MOMENT, TWO JEWISH MEN WERE COMPLETING A SPANISH OLD TESTAMENT!

1553 Duarte Pinhel Gerónimo

de Vargas

“The Bible in the Spanish Language, Translated Word for Word from the True Hebrew by the Very Excellent Literati, Viewed and Examined by the Of ce of the Inquisition. With the Privilege of the Most Illustrious Lord Duke of Ferrara.”

never 1554 his own wife

NOW SPANISH-SPEAKERS HAD THE OLD TESTAMENT!

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

91The “Holy Of ce” of the Inquisition

BUT A NEW PROBLEM WAS ON THE HORIZON.

Charles V 1555

Spain Philip II

Philip

very

Inquisition two purposes:

Bible-believing Christians non-Catholic

“Holy Of ice”

Grand Inquisitor

High CouncilDominicans

19 local courts

1551 Index of Prohibited Books

Index Inquisition

single decade

BUT NOTHING CAN KEEP GOD OUT!

Seal for the Spanish Inquisition

Philip II of Spain

1556Gospel

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

92 The Reformation in Spain: God’s Little Smuggler

GOD SET HIS EYE ON SEVILLE!

...BUT HOW WOULD HE GET IT INTO SPAIN?

GUESS WHAT HE HAD IN THOSE CASKS?

AND GOD WASN’T FINISHED YET…

Philip II Dr. Juan Pérez de Pineda 2nd Spanish New Testament Erasmus’

Enzinas’

Jesuits

big plan big faith tiny Julian! Julian Hernandez 1557

right under the noses of the Jesuits!

1On this time period, see The Spanish Protestants, and their Persecution by Philip II, a Historical Work, by Señor Don Adolfo de Castro, translated from the Spanish by Thomas Parker (London: Charles Gilpin, 1851), especially pp. 82-86.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

93The Reformation in Spain: God’s Little Smuggler

GOD GAVE JULIAN THE OPEN DOORS TO A MONASTERY!

San Isidro del Campo

Superior Dr. Blanco Garcia Arias

Garcia Arias Julian

Casiodoro de Reina Cipriano de Valera

Jesuits Dominican 1557 Reina

Valera,

Julian.

JULIAN WAS BETRAYED BY A “FRIEND!”

three long years tortured But he never budged an inch!

December 22nd, 1560

“JULIANILLO” WAS BURNT ALIVE BY THE INQUISITION IN AN “AUTO DE FE.”

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

94 The Spanish Empire Strikes Back: the Auto de Fe

Auto de Fe last stage Catholic Inquisition

paraded

Valera

at least one monk

These were martyrs for the faith of Christ.

BUT STILL THE GOSPEL SPREAD THROUGH SPAIN1See The Spanish Protestants, and their Persecution by Philip II (1851), pp. 86-91.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

95The Reformation in Spain: Reina and Valera

GOD HAD “LIT A FIRE” IN THE HEART OF REINA.1557, Casiodoro de Reina

1559 Second Index of

Prohibited Books

preserved New Testaments onlythe whole Bible

constant London

Reina Valera 1562. 1563 Juan Pérez de Pineda

1567 1568 every copy of Juan Pérez’s New Testament

burned! Enzinas’

…AND GOD WAS WITH REINA.

Casiodoro de Reina

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

96 The Reformation in Spain: Reina and Valera

IN 1569 THE FIRST COMPLETE SPANISH BIBLE WAS PRINTED

The Bear Bible

literary triumph

most dangerous edition was

Cipriano de Valera

1582 20 years

1596

Reina’s 1569 “Bear Bible”

Cipriano de Valera

BUT SIX YEARS LATER HIS BIBLE WAS READY…1See Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries: from 1520 by Edward Boehmer (Strassburg: Karl J Trübner, 1904), Vol. 3, p. 154.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

Pages 97 to 133 not included in this sample.

134

… HE WAS NEVER HEARD FROM AGAIN.

best translation preserved texts Spanish language

October of 1602 Calvin’s James

Arminius

November 3

CIPRIANO DE VALERA WROTE THESE WORDS IN THE INTRODUCTION TO HIS BIBLE:

1 See Spanish Reformers of Two Centuries: from 1520 by Edward Boehmer(Strassburg: Karl J Trübner, 1904), Vol. 3, pp. 152, 154 & 156.

Valera’s VisionChapter Nine:

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

135

BUT WHICH “SCRIPTURE” DID NIDA PROVIDE?

Ful lling Valera’s Vision

two ways

two modern Spanish revisions

1909,

even more 122 times

new player Eugene Nida.

Eugene A. Nida (1914-2011)

translations

method “Dynamic Equivalence.”

1 See the chart by Dr. Rex Cobb in God’s Bible in Spanish, pp. 97-98. 2 The British and Foreign Bible Society and the American Bible Society.

SO IT WOULD BE UP TO OTHERSTO FINISH THE TASK FOR VALERA’S BIBLE.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

136

THE PASTORS DIDN’T WANT TO CHANGE THE BIBLE.

Nida’s Own Vision

1936 1936 Summer Institute of Linguistics1939 1942 Wycliffe Bible Translators 1943 1943 American Bible Society 1944-46 1946-80s 1946

1949 The Bible Translator

1950, radical revision

big snag...

EUGENE NIDA HAD AN IMPRESSIVE RESUMÉ:

1 Also known as SIL or SIL International (www.sil.org). 2 Now kept as an archive with the United Bible Societies (UBS)

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

137

NOT “SENTIMENT,” NIDA—IT WAS CONVICTION!

NIDA CALLED BELIEVERS “LESSER EDUCATED”

Pastors’ Objections to Nida’s Vision

Bible-believing ignorant

better educated people more radical changes

lesser educated basically suspicious

the pastors were afraid change

tampering with the Word of God

wonderful

praise Bible disbelievers

seminaries many Bible schools

radical revision entirely up to date

intelligent evaluation of the textual and exegetical problems

sentiment of the churches

1 See Eugene Nida, “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960” (The Bible Translator, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1961), pp. 107-119. Emphasis mine. 2 “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960,” p. 108. Emphasis mine. 3 Page. 108. Emphasis mine.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

138

The believers wanted Valera’s vision —an accurate Bible.

What Godly Pastors Wanted

eagerly interviewed

disappointed

what was clearly indicated bring the language up to date

meaning of the Bible unmodi ied

Nothing added and nothing taken away.

add God shall add unto him the

plagues take away

God shall take away his part out of the book of life

from

Add thou not unto his wordsthou be found a liar

liars feared God

1 “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960,” p. 109. Emphasis mine.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

139

HOW COULD NIDA GET WHAT HE WANTED?

Nida’s Sneaky Plan

switched Bibles

not Nida thought he knew better

what they neededwould not accept a full-

scale revision or what the people obviously desired a light revision

...getting people to accept alteration of the Bible education It is not possible to force upon any constituency merely what they need. They must be led to realize that they want it.

1 “The Reina-Valera Spanish Revision of 1960,” pp. 109-110. Emphasis mine.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved

140

SO NIDA CAME UP WITH A 2-PART SCHEME…

BY A PROCESS OF “RE-EDUCATION!”

“Get them”? “Make them”? Sounds like force to me!

Nida’s Sneaky Plan

lead his way

a month get them to make sense intellectually

another two weeks make them to do it emotionally

than six weeks psychological hurdle

literal translations

thousands of years not add to take away His literal words no longer literal

Ye shall not add unto neither shall ye diminish ought that

ye may keep the commandments

promised His wordsmy words

shall not pass away

1 “Meaning-full Translations,” Christianity Today, Vol. 46, No. 11, Oct. 7, 2002.

All Rights Reserved

All Rights Reserved