8.4 the end of the war...grand total 954.2 9,722,620 1.75% 21,228,813 apocalypse: belgian town of...
TRANSCRIPT
Please prepare answers to these
questions:
1. Describe it
(what is the message):
2. To whom do you think
this poster is addressed?
3. What is the persuasive
point of this poster?
4. To what emotions do you
think the artist is trying to
appeal?
1918-1919
8.4 The End of the War
The End of the War
1917 – Russia withdrawals from the war.
1917 – United States enter the war with the Allies.
The End of the War After William II was forced to abdicate, the new German
republic and the Allies signed an armistice, ending the war on
November 11, 1918.
Allies of World War I Population
(millions) Military deaths
Direct civilian
deaths (military
action)
Excess civilian
deaths (famine,
disease &
accidents)
Total deaths Deaths as % of
population
Military
wounded
Great Britain s 45.4 886,939 2,000 107,000 995,939 2.19% 1,663,435
Belgium c 7.4 58,637 7,000 55,000 120,637 1.63% 44,686
France e 39.6 1,397,800 40,000 260,000 1,697,800 4.29% 4,266,000
Italy h 35.6 651,000 4,000 585,000 1,240,000 3.48% 953,886
Romania o 7.5 250,000 120,000 330,000 700,000 9.33% 120,000
Russian Empire p 175.1 1,811,000 500,000 1,000,000 3,311,000 1.89% 3,749,000
Serbia q 4.5 275,000 150,000 300,000 725,000 16.11% 133,148
United States t 92.0 116,708 757 117,465 0.13% 205,690
Total (Entente Powers) 800.4 5,712,379 823,757 2,871,000 9,407,136 1.19% 12,809,280
Central Powers Population
(millions) Military deaths
Direct civilian
deaths (military
action)
Excess civilian
deaths (famine,
disease &
accidents)
Total deaths Deaths as % of
population
Military
wounded
Austria-Hungary u 51.4 1,100,000 120,000 347,000 1,567,000 3.05% 3,620,000
German Empire w 64.9 2,050,897 1,000 425,000 2,476,897 3.82% 4,247,143
Ottoman Empire x 21.3 771,844 2,150,000 2,921,000 13.72% 400,000
Total (Central Powers) 143.1 4,010,241 121,000 3,022,000 7,153,241 5% 8,419,533
Grand total 954.2 9,722,620 948,248 5,893,000 16,563,868 1.75% 21,228,813
Casualties by 1914 borders
Allies of World War I Population
(millions)
Military
deaths
Deaths as % of
population
Military
wounded
Great Britain s 45.4 886,939 2.19% 1,663,435
Belgium c 7.4 58,637 1.63% 44,686
France e 39.6 1,397,800 4.29% 4,266,000
Italy h 35.6 651,000 3.48% 953,886
Romania o 7.5 250,000 9.33% 120,000
Russian Empire p 175.1 1,811,000 1.89% 3,749,000
Serbia q 4.5 275,000 16.11% 133,148
United States t 92.0 116,708 0.13% 205,690
Total (Entente Powers) 800.4 5,712,379 1.19% 12,809,280
Central Powers Population
(millions)
Military
deaths
Deaths as % of
population
Military
wounded
Austria-Hungary u 51.4 1,100,000 3.05% 3,620,000
German Empire w 64.9 2,050,897 3.82% 4,247,143
Ottoman Empire x 21.3 771,844 13.72% 400,000
Total (Central Powers) 143.1 4,010,241 5% 8,419,533
Grand total 954.2 9,722,620 1.75% 21,228,813
Apocalypse: Belgian town of Ypres in March 1919 after fierce fighting during World War One
The Cloth Hall at Ypres, France, which was one of the largest commercial buildings of the
Middle Ages when it served as the main market for the city's cloth industry
Ruins at Ypres, France
Ruins of Mametz, France
What level of destruction do these pictures indicate?
What are some emotions evoked when viewing these images?
What happened to the originally charming and vibrant Village of Esnes?
Why is it significant that major civic buildings such as the Courthouse
(Palace of Justice), cathedral, and City Hall (Hotel de Ville) were
destroyed? Can you envision what these buildings and towns may have
looked like before the war?
How long do you think it would take to rebuild these buildings and
communities? How much do you think it would cost? Can a community
ever really recover from such destruction?
Ask students to speculate, based on this information, how France's goals
for the postwar settlement might differ from U.S. goals. What might
France fear? What would France probably want with respect to Germany?
Why? Would those desires be reasonable? Why or why not?
Why might the U.S. be able to take a more idealistic perspective?
The Peace Settlements In January 1919, representatives of 27 victorious Allied
nations met in Paris to make a final settlement of the war.
The most important decisions were made by “The Big Three”
David Lloyd George of Great Britain
Georges Clemenceau of France
Woodrow Wilson of the USA
Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Germany lost much territory, including all of their overseas
colonies and a vital industrial region on the French border.
Germany’s military was severely reduced and limited.
Germany is forced to pay reparations for the war.
Germany is forced to admit full responsibility for starting the
war.
Trench Warfare:
Rules: SAFETY FIRST!!!! BE CAREFUL!!!!
* 2 sides
* Each soldier gets one paper ball – this paper ball is lethal
– if you get hit with it ANYWHERE – you are dead.
Trench Warfare
*Each side will select one general.
*The general will have one green paper ball.
This is a gas grenade. When the general throws this, he must
announce it (GRENADE!!!)
*The opposing side then has three seconds until the grenade
explodes. If you are within 5 feet of it – you are dead.
Trench Warfare
*Each battle is 3 minutes long.
*The side with the most
soldiers remaining wins.
Writing Assignment:
Imagine that you are a soldier fighting on the Western Front.
Write a letter back home describing life at war.
Consider the following questions:
How do you feel about life in the trenches?
What is life in the trenches like?
What are you seeing, doing, feeling, smelling, eating, hearing?
How do you feel about your purpose of being there?
For full credit, you must include specific details
Key terms:
Armistice
Woodrow Wilson – became a spokesperson for a new world
order based on democracy and international cooperation.
Fourteen Points – Wilson’s basis for a peace settlement.
Paris Peace Conference
The Big Three – US, GB, France.