8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

A Mr. Ayala Presentation

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

I) Medieval Universities emergeo A) Political and economic conditions improve, more

education is needed• 1) Clergy and bureaucrats needed more training in reading

and mathematics• 2) Cathedrals were used as schools.

• a) some would become Universities later o B) Student life

• 1) Very little comfort; woke at 5am finished school at 5 pm• 2) Learned in Latin• 3) Women were not allowed in Universities. Very few

educated women.

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

II) Europeans acquire “New Knowledge”o A) “New” ideas originated with ancient

Greece and Romeo B) Muslim scholarship brings these

works to the Europeanso C) Christian Scholars struggle with new

ideas because the Greeks believed that people should use reason; not faith to find the answers to questions• 1) Tried to resolve this conflict through

scholasticism; using reason to support faith

• 2) Thomas Aquinas, writes Summa theologica which concluded that faith and reason exist in harmony

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

o D) New approaches to Science and Math• 1) Hippocrates and medicine• 2)Euclid and Muslim scholars worked on Geometry• 3) very little Science completed in Europe• 4) Hindu- Arabic numerals are adopted in Europe

Hindu- Arabic Numerals: 1, 2, 3, 4

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

III) Medieval Literatureo A) New books were written in the vernacular, or common

language of the peopleo B) Oral traditions and Heroic epics are written down for

the masses• 1) Song of Roland, 1100

o C) Dante’s Divine Comedy by Dante’ Alighieri• 1) Shows an imaginary journey through Purgatory and Hell• 2) Summarizes Christian Ethics

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

o D) Geoffrey Chaucer, writes the Canterbury Tale• 1) describes a band of pilgrims

going to Canterbury Cathedral • 2) Used as entertainment• 3) Is funny, romantic, and bawdy

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

IV) Architecture and Arto A) 1000; Churches were in Romanesque style

• 1) Barrel vaulted ceiling, made of stone, no windows; was dark and gloomy

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

o B) 1140; Abbot Suger helped to develop the Gothic Style• 1) Most important

features; Flying buttress, or stone supports outside of the building• a) allowed

walls to be thinner and could have huge stained glass windows

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

o G) Stonemasons begin to make sculptures of Bible stories and mythical creatures

o D) Stained glass was used to add splendor to cathedrals

o E) Cathedrals had religious painting call altar pieces • 1) Used to symbolize

religious ideas

8.4: Learning and Culture Flourish in Europe

o F) Gothic style, added to books were called illumination• 1) Very, intricate and delicate designs and miniature

paintings of biblical sceneso G) Tapestries or woven wall hangings became in wealthy

castles, churches, and homes