82669560 curs italiana

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

1/59

Italian Verbs:

Italian Present Tense

Regular verbs Irregular verbsPronouns Parlare

(to speak)

Credere

(to believe)

Partire

(to leave)

Finire

(to finish)

Essere

(to be)

Avere

(to have)

IYouHe/SheWeYouThey

IoTuLui/ leiNoiVoiLoro

ParloParliParlaParliamoParlateParlano

CredoCrediCredeCrediamoCredeteCredono

PartoPartiPartePartiamoPartitePartono

FiniscoFinisciFinisceFiniamoFiniteFiniscono

SonoSeiSiamoSieteSono

HoHaiHaAbbiamoAveteHanno

The table above shows all types of Italian verbs in the present tense, verbs ending with (~are, ~ere, ~ire, ~ire type two) plus irregularverbs.The blue font at the end of the verbs shows the endings that similar verbs may take, so its all about manipulating the endingsBut when it comes to irregular verbs they should be memorized by heart, since they dont follow a logic rule.Note that irregular verbs are used very often, thats why you have to focus on them. Also note that the pronouns are optional to use,since you can understand the subject with the way a verb is conjugated, so for example: I speak can be either: io parlo, or simplyparlo.Note that Lei can mean (she or you formal).

Italian Singular to Plural (Nouns & Adjectives)

Italian nouns and adjectives are different than the English ones, The Italian noun and adjective take 4 forms, usually nouns &adjectives take o at the end of the singular masculine, and a for singular feminine, for plural masculine i, plural feminine takee

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

2/59

Italian Singular to Plural

Singular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminine

SmallChild/ Children

PiccoloBambino

PiccolaBambina

PiccoliBambini

PiccoleBambine

However, its not always the case, some nouns and adjectives ending with e for example only change to their plural, the feminine ormasculine doesnt matter to them.

Italian Singular to PluralSingular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminine

Big

RestaurantNight

Grande

Ristorante--

Grande

--Notte

Grandi

Ristoranti--

Grandi

--NottiOther exceptions are:Nouns and adjectives ending in ~co/~ca and ~go/~ga are spelt ~chi/~che and ~ghi/~ghe in the plural; these modifications are madesimply to maintain the same sound in the plural as well as the singular.


WhiteMushroom

Lines

BiancoFungo

Bianca--

Riga

BianchiFunghi

Bianche--

Righe

The definite Articles

In Italian the English the is expressed in a more specific way.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

3/59

Italian Definite Articles

Masculine

Singular PluralFeminine

Singular Plural

il i (il bambino (the child) i bambine (the children)lo gli (used only before word starting with sc/sp/st/gn/z)l gli (used only before vowels luomo (the man) gli uomini (men)

la le (la donna (the woman) le donne (women)l le (used only before vowels, lisola le isole)

The indefinite Articles

Italian Indefinite ArticlesMasculine Singular Feminine Singular

Un (a book = un libro)

Uno (used only before word starting with sc/sp/st/gn/z) example:(a student = uno studente)

Una (a woman = una donna)

Un (used only before vowels) example:(a friend = unamica)As you know, the indefinite article doesnt have plural in English, but in Italian there is a close way to express it, in English it isexpressed by someA book books (no article) or some books. Un libro libri or dei libri. (you will learn later how to use the form del)

Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers:

Italian Cardinal and Ordinal Numbers are simple and easy to learn:

Italian Numbers

Cardinal Numbers Ordinal Numbers

1 = Uno 11 = Undici 21 = Ventuno 87 = Ottantasette 1st = Primo For ordinal numbers after 10 you only need todelete the last vowel andadd ~esimo.

2 = Due 12 = Dodici 22 = Ventidue 98 = Novantotto 2nd = Secondo3 = Tre 13 = Tredici 23 = Ventitre 100 = Cento 3rd = Terzo4 = Quattro 14 = Quattordici 30 = Trenta 1000 = Mille 4th = Quarto

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

4/59

11th = Undicesimo12th = Dodicesimo20th = Ventesimo

5 = Cinque 15 = Quindici 31 = Tretuno 2006 = Duemilasei 5th = Quinto6 = Sei 16 = Sedici 32 = Trentadue A number ending with a

vowel + a number starting

with a vowel = 1st oneloses its vowel example:ventuno 21

6th = Sesto7 = Sette 17 = Disiasette 43 = Quarantatre 7th = Settimo

8 = Otto 18 = Diciotto 54 = Cinquantaquattro 8th = Ottavo9 = Nove 19 = Diciannove 65 = Sessantacinque 9th = Nono10 = Dieci 20 = Venti 76 = Settantasei 10th = Decimo

Telling the time in Italian

Time in Italian

Che ore sono? (what time is it?)

01:00 = luna 10:45 = Sono le undici meno un quarto02:00 = Sono le due 12:00 = le dodici03:05 = Sono le tre e cinque mezzogiorno = Its midday04:10 = Sono le quattro e dieci mezzanotte = Its midnight05:15 = Sono le cinque e un quarto Note that all time expressions start with sono,

except one and twelve oclock, they both startwith .

06:20 = Sono le sei e venti07:30 = Sono le sette e mezzaThe Italian Alphabet

Italian AlphabetAa as in the word ask and never as in the word ableBb same as in EnglishCc like tsh before i or e, otherwise like "k in Creole.Dd same as in EnglishEe as in elevatedFfsame as in English

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

5/59

Gg like the "dg", before i or e, otherwise like the "g" in "Good".Hh silent most of the time.Ii as in the word ink never as in the word island

Jj as in Job, or the s of pleasure.Kksame as in EnglishLl same as in EnglishMm same as in EnglishNn same as in EnglishOo same as in English Old.Pp same as in EnglishQq same as in EnglishRrSpanish r

Ss between vowels as z, and as s otherwise.Tt same as in English not as sharp.Uu as in the ultra, never as in the word up or universityVv same as in EnglishWw as in English, sometimes as vXx same as in EnglishYy same as in English although rare.Zz as in ts, or dz.

cc as tshee before i and e, or as kee elsewhere.ch like k as in kid.gg as in dgee before I and e, or as the gee in geese.gh like g in Godgli as in glign like n in newsqu like kw in questsc like sh before i and e, or like k elsewhere.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

6/59

Note that J- K- W- X- Y appear mainly in foreign loan words.

Some expressions to read and try to memorize:

Italian Expressions

A Happy New Year Buona fine e buon principioAfter you Dopo di liAll right Va beneAll the best! Tante coseAnd You? e tu? e lei? (polite)Are you hungry/thirsty.? Ha/Hai/Avete fame/sete?Are you sure? Sei sicuro/a?At your service A sua disposizineAugust 15 wish Buon FerragostoBe careful Attento/a/i/eBe happy Siate feliciBe my guest Faccia pureBe strong Sia forteBest wishes Tanti auguriBig/ Small Grosso/ Piccolo

Bless you (after sneezing) Salute!Bravo Bravo/a/i/eCall back later. Riprvi pi tardi.Can I have five kilos of potatoes. Posso avere cinque chili di patate?Can I Help You? Posso aiutarti?/ posso aiutarla (polite)?Can I smoke here? Si pu fumare qui?Can You Help Me? Potresti aiutarmi?/ potrebbe aiutarmi? (polite)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

7/59

Can You Say It Again? Potresti ripetere per favore?/ Potrebbe ripetere per favore? (polite)Can You Speak Slowly? Puoi parlare lentamente? Potrebbe parlare lentamente? (polite)Cheer up! nimo!

Cheers! Salute!cloudy nuvolosoCome in VngaCome on! Dai, dagli!Come With Me! Vieni con me!/ Venga con me! (polite)Congratulations! Congratulazioni!/ FelicitaziniDamn it Porca miseriaDear Maria/Ricadro, (friendly) Cara/o Nina/Bruno, ...Dear Mr Giovanni, Gentile signor Giovanni,

Did You Like It Here? ti piace qui?Did you sleep well? Ha/Hai/Avete dormito bene?Do as you please. Be my guest Si accomodi, pregoDo you like coffee? Le/Ti/Vi piace il caff?Do You Like It? Ti piace?Do you mind my... smoking? Le spiace se... fumo?Do you need help? Ha/Hai bisogno di aiuto?Do You Speak (English/ Italian)? Parli (inglese/italiano)?/ Parla (inglese/italiano)? (polite)Do your best Fai del tuo mglioDoes it bother you if ...? Disturbo se ...?Doesn't matter Fa lo stessoDon't mention it Come non dettoDon't Worry! non ti preoccupare !Enjoy your vacation Buone vacanzeEnjoy! (For meals) Buon appetite!Enough Basta

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

8/59

Italian Lesson 2

Italian ConversationsSpeak7 -- Buongiorno! Mi chiamo Speak7 , sono marocchino, mi piace litaliano, lo stoimparando da un mese. E tu, come ti chiami?Maria-- Mi chiamo MariaSpeak7 -- un piacere conoscerti Maria.Maria-- Molto lieto Speak7 .Speak7 -- Di dove sei Maria?Maria-- Sono spagnola.Speak7 -- Quanti anni hai?Maria-- Ho venti anni

Speak7 -- Ti piace la scuola?Maria-- Si, mi piace

Some help: Mi piace: I like/ imaparare: to learn/ un mese: a month/di dove: where..from/ anni: years/ la scuola: school.

Dates in Italian

Monday: lunedTuesday: martedWednesday: mercoledThursday: giovedFriday: venerdSaturday: sabatoSunday: domenica

January: gennaioFebruary: febbraioMarch: marzoApril: aprileMay: maggioJune: giugnoJuly: luglioAugust: agostoSeptember: settembreOctober : ottobre

Dates in Italian: note that to express the day in Italian you should use ilbefore all days except Sunday: Domenica:il lunedi (on Monday), il venerdi (on Friday) but la domenica (onSunday).My birthday is on may the 10th: il mio compleanno il dieci maggio.May the 1st: primo maggio/ 16th of March: 16 marzo.Today is the 20th: oggi il venti.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

9/59

November : novembreDecember : dicembre

Italian Irregular Verbs (present tense)These are some common irregular verbs that you might come across very often: (stare, volere, sapere, potere, dare, fare, dovere,tenere, venire), please memorize them by heart, because they dont follow any regular rule and also because theyre used very often.

Italian Irregular Verbs

Stare

(to be)Volere

(to want)Sapere

(to know)Potere

(can)Dare

(to give)Dovere

(to have to)Fare

(to do)Tenere

(to have)Venire

(to come)Andare

(to go)Dire

(to say)Io

Tu

Lui

Noi

Voi

Loro

StoStaiStaStiamoStateStanno

VoglioVuoiVuoleVogliamoVoleteVogliono

SoSaiSaSappiamoSapeteSanno

PossoPuoiPuPossiamoPotetePossono

DoDaiDDiamoDateDanno

DevoDeviDeveDobbiamoDoveteDevono

FaccioFaiFaFacciamoFateFanno

TengoTieniTieneTeniamoTeneteTengono

VengoVieniVieneVeniamoVeniteVengono

VadoVaiVaAndiamoAndateVanno

DicoDiciDiceDiciamoDiteDicono

The verb Stare means to be or to stay, and used a lot in many idiomatic expressions.-Come stai? (how are you?) -Sto bene, grazie (I'm fine, thanks). Stare is used also as a gerund referring to an action in progress: stoimparando litaliano. (Im learning Italian)Potere (to be able to, can), Dovere (to have to), Volere (to want) are modal verbs as well as irregular verbs.These are some examples of the verbs on the top:Sto leggendo il giornale (Im reading the newspaper)Voglio visitare Roma (I want to visit Rome)Non lo so! (I dont know)Posso aiutarti? (can I help you?)Noi vi diamo il libro gratis (we give you the book for free)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

10/59

Devi parlare in italiano. (you have to speak in Italian)Che fai oggi pomeriggio? (what are you doing this afternoon?)Tengo un libro in mano (I have a book in my hand)

Vieni oggi Jennifer? (are you coming today Jennifer?)Oggi vado con la mia famiglia mangiare fuori (today I go with my family to eat outside)Ti dico che sono daccordo con ti (I tell you I agree with you)Italian Reflexive VerbsItalian reflexive verbs are used to express an action applied to oneself, I wash myself = io mi lavoTheyre easy to form, just place (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) before the verb that is considered a reflexive verb.Io mi lavo (I wash myself), tu ti lavi (you wash yourself)... lui si lava, noi ci laviamo, voi si lavate, loro si lavano.Italian Reflexive Verbs are used more often than in English; sometimes you can use a reflexive verb in Italian but not in English:

io mi chiamo Roberto = my name is Robert (literally I call myself Robert)Italian Direct Object (not after preposition): almost the same as the ones you just saw in the Italian reflexive verbs (mi, ti, lo/ la, ci, vi,le), the difference is in the blue font (3rd person singular and plural).Lui mi dice (he tells me), io ti dico (I tell you), io lo/ la vedo (I see him/her), il ci dice (he tells us), io vi dico (I tell you all), il le vede(he sees them)Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Speak7 and Maria, but this time you and an imaginary person, tryto look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes Speaking training: try to read the conversation you just wrote out loud, train yourself well, you might need that for a real

conversation in the future.

This table has some useful expression that might help you expend your knowledge of Italian:

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

11/59

Italian Expressions

Exactly! Esatto!Excellent! ttimo

Excuse Me ...! ( to ask for something) Scusami!/ Mi scusi! (polite)Excuse Me! ( to pass by) PermessoFour, Five, Six Quattro, Cinque, Sei.Give Me This! Dammi questo!Go ahead! Stto!/ Passi pure!Go on! Avanti!Go Straight! Then Turn Left/ Right! Vada dritto! e poi giri a destra/ sinistra!Good Bye! Arrivederci!Good evening Buonasera

Good Luck! Buona fortuna!Good Morning! Buongiorno!Good night BuonanotteGood Night & Sweet Dreams! Buona notte e sogni d'oro!Good/ Bad/ So-So. Buono/ Cattico/ Cos e cosGood/ So-So. Bene/ cos e cos.Goodbye ArrivederciHands up! Mani in alto!Happy Birthday! Buon compleanno!Happy Easter Buona PasquaHappy Holidays! Buone feste!Happy New Year! Felice anno nuovo!/ Buon CapodannoHave a good holiday! Buona vacanza!Have a good stay Buona permanenzaHave a good time/ Enjoy yourself Buon divertimento!Have a good trip/ journey Buon viaggio.Hello! Prnto!

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

12/59

Hello, Bye CiaoHello, who's this? Prnto, chi parla?Here is / Here are... Ecco...

Here You Go! (when giving something) Eccolo!Hey! Friend! Ciao! Amico!Hey, you Ehi lHi! Ciao!Hold On Please! (phone) Attenda prego!How Are You? Come stai?/ Come state (polite)?How boring! Che barba!How do you feel? Come si snte?How Do You Say "Please" In Italian? Come dite please in italiano?

How far is it to Milano (from here)? Quanto dista Milano (da qui)?How long are you staying here? Per quanto tempo si ferma/ti fermi/ vi fermate qui?How long have you been here? Da quanto tempo /sei/siete qui?How Much Is This? Quanto costa questo?How Old Are You? Quanti anni hai?How's going? Come va?/ Come t la passi?Hurry Up! Sbrigati!/ Fccia presto!I beg your pardon. Sorry. ScusiI Don't Know! Non lo so!I don't remember Non ricordo.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

13/59

Italian Lesson 3Italian ConversationsRobert-- Ciao Giovanni!Giovanni-- Ciao Robert!Robert-- Come stai?Giovanni-- Bene, grazie, e tu?Robert-- Cosi cosi.Giovanni-- Che c di nuovo?Robert-- Non molto, ho bisogno di fare pratica con il mio italiano, potresti aiutarmi?Giovanni-- Certo!

Some clues: Che: what/ nuovo: new/ bisogno: I need/ portesti: can you.

Italian Past participle:

Italian Past Participle

Parlare: parlato (spoken)Credere: creduto (believed)

Partire: partito (gone)-Sono Partito (Im gone, masculine)lei partita (she is gone)Siamo partiti (were gone, for men)Sono stata a Roma (Ive been to Rome,a female talking)

Regular Form: Simply add (~ato, ~uto, ~ito) to the stem ofverbs, depending on the type of verbs, if the verb in the

infinitive ends with ~are, then add ~ato: parlato (the verbparlare), add ~uto to the verbs ending with ~are: creduto (theverb credere), and finally add ~ito to the verbs ending in theirinfinitive with ~ire: partito (the verb partire)Note that some verbs take their past participle with the verbavere, while some other verbs take their past participlewith the verb essere (usually motion verbs)

Irregular Form: memorize theverbs that take irregular

forms in the past participlesuch as:Verb/Past part/EnglishFare: fatto (done)Aprire: aperto (opened)Chiedere: chiesto (asked)Chiudere: chiuso (closed)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

14/59

Siamo stati...(we have been..,for men)-Ho avuto il tempo per farlo (Ive had

the time to do it)Ho parlato al telefono(Ive talked)Ha parlato (and not ha parlata) (she havespoken/ she spoke)Abbiamo parlato (and not parlati)Ho detto (Ive said)Ha detto (he/she has said)

Also note that the past participle of verbs going with essereshould agree with the number and gender, so for examplepartito (gone) can also be partita/ partiti/ partite.

Verbs going with avere dont have to agree with thenumber and gender, look in the examples in the side.Remember: to form the past participle with verbs conjugatedwith essere the gender and number matter, but not withverbs conjugated with avere.Past participle reflexive verbs go always with essere, misono lavato (Ive washed myself), ci siamo lavati (wevewashed ourselves).

Coprire: coperto (covered)Dare: dato (given)Dire: detto (said)

Leggere: letto (read)Mettere: messo (put)Offrire: offerto (offered)Perdere: perso (lost)Prendere: preso (taken)Scrivere: scritto (written)Spendere: speso (spent)Vedere: visto (seen)Vivere:vissuto (lived)Rompere: rotto (broken)

Comparison in Italian

Equality: as as [tanto...quanto... (or) cos come (used only with adjectives)]He is as tall as his father: Giovanni tanto alto quanto su padre/ Or/ Giovanni cos alto come su padre.Tanto quanto (used only with nouns, note that they have to agree in number and gender with the noun)Ho tante penne quanti libri (I have as many pens as books)Superiority: more than... pidi (or) pi...che

Romano pi alto di Giovanni. (Roman is taller than John) (pidi is used to compare two people or two things)Compropi libri che cibo (I buy more books than food) (piche... is used to compare two characteristics of one person or thing)

Inferiority: less than... menodi (or) meno...cheRomano meno alto di Giovanni. (Roman is less taller than John) (menodi is used to compare two people or two things)Compro meno libri che cibo (I buy less books than food) (menoche... is used to compare two characteristics of one person or thing)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

15/59

Superlative: (the most..., the ~est = il/ la/ li/le pi +adjective ... di....or~issimo, ~issima, ~issimi, ~issime)In Italian, superlatives are formed by adding the suffix ~issimo to an adjective or adverb after taking off the final vowel, the suffix

added should agree in number and gender. So it can be (~issimo, ~issima, issimi, ~issime) also you can form a superlative by adding:(il/ la/ li/le pi +adjective ... di)Questa la casapi grande di Roma.il Diamante il pi durodelle pietre preziose (diamonds are the toughest amongst precious stones).Gli elefanti sono ipi grandi animali del mondo (Elephants are the biggest animals in the world)Rosa la bambina meno attiva dalla scuola (Rosa is the child less active in school)Le case americane sono grandissimi (American houses are huge, the biggest)In spoken Italian the "~issimo" is less used while palcing "molto, tanto, parecchio, assai" before the adjectives instead.Lo snowboard uno sport moltofacile da imparare, moltopifacile dello sci (Snowboard is a sport very easy to learn much easierthan Skiing)

Questa studentessa moltointelligente. (this student is very intelligent)Also you can express superlative by repeating the adjective or adverb.il parla veloce veloce. (he speaks very fast).These are irregular forms of the superlative (adjectives and adverbs)

Italian Comparative and Superlative

Adjective Comparative Relative Superlative Absolute Superlative

grande (big) maggiore (big) (il) massimo (biggest) massimo (biggest)piccolo (small) minore (smaller) (il) minimo (smallest) minimo (smallest)

alto (high) superiore (higher) (il) supremo/sommo (highest) supremo/sommo (highest)basso (low) inferiore (lower) (il) infimo (lowest) infimo (lowest)buono (good) migliore (better) (il) ottimo (best) ottimo (best)cattivo (bad) peggiore (worse) (il) pessimo (worst) pessimo (worst)Adverb Comparative Relative Superlative Absolute Superlative

Molto (much) Pi (more) (il) pi (the) most Moltissimo (very much)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

16/59

Poco (little) Meno (less) (il) meno (the) least Pochissimo (very little)Bene (well) Meglio (better) (il) meglio (the) best Benissimo (very well)Male (badly) Peggio (worse) (il) peggio (the) worst Pessimo (very badly)

Italian Demonstrative Pronouns

Demonstratives are: (this: questo, these: questi, that: quel, those: quei)

Italian Demonstrative Pronouns

This These That Those

Masculine before a consonantbefore a vowel

questoquest'

questiquesti

quelquell'

queiquegli

Feminine before a consonantbefore a vowel

questaquest'

questequeste

quellaquell'

quellequelle

before z, gn, or s + consonant (quello: that, quegli: those) only for masculine. Quegli studenti (those students)Questo bambino molto intelligente. (this child is very intelligent)Questa studentessa molto intelligente. (this female student is very intelligent)Questa la mia penna (this is my pen)Quella casa molto grande. (that house is very big)Quelle casi sono molti grande (those house are very big)Note that in Italian demonstrative pronouns if you use that and those as a subject, use these four forms: quello for masculine singular,quella for feminine singular, quelli for masculine plural, and quelle for feminine plural. Example: quello il mio libro (that is mybook).

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Robert and Giovanni, but this time you and an imaginary person,try to look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

17/59

Speaking training: try to read the conversation you just wrote out loud, train yourself well, you might need that for a realconversation in the future.

This is a list of some expressions in Italian:

Italian Expressions

I Don't Understand! Non capisco!I Feel Sick. Mi sento male!I forgot. Ho dimenticato.I Have No Idea. Non ne ho idea!I Have To Go Devo andareI hope so./Let's hope so. Spero di si./Speriamo.

I Like Italian Mi piace l'italiano.I like you very much. Mi piaci tanto.I live in (the U.S/ Italia) Vivo (negli stati uniti / in Italia)I live in that house there Abito in quella casa lI Love You! Ti amo!/ Ti voglio bene!I Missed You So Much! Mi sei mancato molto!I Need A Doctor Ho bisogno di un dottore!I need to practice my Italian ho bisogno di fare pratica con il mio italianoI often come to Italy Vengo spesso in Italia

I Really Like It! Mi piace davvero.I Will Be Right Back! Torno subito!I wish I had a car. Se solo avessi una macchina!I Work As A (Translator/ Businessman) Lavoro come (traduttore/ uomo d'affari)Im (American) Sono (americano).I'd love to come. Mi far molto piacere venire.I 'd Like To Visit Italia One Day Mi piacerebbe visitare l 'Italia un giorno di questi!

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

18/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

19/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

20/59

Italian Present Perfect

avere vs essere avere Verbs essere Verbs avere & essere IrregularsPronoun Parlare

(to speak)

Sapere

(to know)

Finire

(to finish)

Partire

(to live)

Vedere

(to see)

Nascere

(to be born)

IYouHe/SheWeYouThey

IoTuLui/ leiNoiVoiLoro

Ho parlatoHai parlatoHa parlatoAbbiamo parlatoAvete parlatoHanno parlato

Ho saputoHai saputoHa saputoAbbiamo saputoAvete saputoHanno saputo

Ho finitoHai finitoHa finitoAbbiamo finitoAvete finitoHanno finito

SonopartitoSeipartitopartitoSiamopartitiSietepartitiSonopartiti

Ho vistoHai vistoHa vistoAbbiamo vistoAvete vistoHanno visto

Sono natoSei nato natoSiamo natiSiete natiSono nati

As you may have noticed in the table above, most verbs are conjugated with avere, however some verbs are conjugated withessere.As I have mentioned in the past participle lesson, regular form simply add (~ato, ~uto, ~ito) to the stem of verbs, depending on thetype of verbs, if the verbs in the infinitive ends with ~are, then add ~ato: parlato (the verb parlare), add ~uto to the verbs ending with~are: creduto (the verb credere), and finally add ~ito to verbs ending in their infinitive with ~ire: partito (the verb partire)Note that some verbs take their past participle with the verb avere, while some other verbs take their past participle with the verbessere (usually motion verbs)Also note that the past participle of verbs associated with essere should agree with the number and gender, so for example partito(gone) can also be sono partita (I went, for a female)/ siamo partiti (we men went)/ siete partite (you females went)Verbs going with avere dont have to agree with the number and gender, look at the examples in the table above.

Remember: to form the past participle with verbs conjugated with essere the gender and number matter, but not with verbsconjugated with avere.Irregular Forms: memorize the verbs that take irregular forms in the past participle such as:Verb/ Past participle /English

Fare: fatto (done)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

21/59

Aprire: aperto (opened)Chiedere: chiesto (asked)Chiudere: chiuso (closed)

Coprire: coperto (covered)Dare: dato (given)Dire: detto (said)Leggere: letto (read)Mettere: messo (put)Offrire: offerto (offered)Perdere: perso (lost)Prendere: preso (taken)Scrivere: scritto (written)Spendere: speso (spent)

Vedere: visto (seen)Vivere:vissuto (lived)Rompere: rotto (broken)

So you dont have to add (ate, uto, ito) to these verbs on the top, take their whole new form and place an auxiliary verb avere oressere before them.Verbs that go with essere, most of them are verbs of motionhere is a list:

Italian Verbs with EssereVerb Translation Past Participle

andare to go andatoarrivare to arrive arrivatocadere to fall cadutodiventare to become diventatoentrare to enter entrato

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

22/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

23/59

Who? chi?Whose? di chi?

Where? dove?What? che cosa?What? che?What? cosa?Why? perch?When? quando?How? come?How much? quanto?Which? qualeTo whom? a chi?

With whom? con chi?Where from..? di dove?

Note: if (dove, come, quale) are followed by (), then they drop their final e and add Like (dov, com) quale adds only the so it becomes qual

Chi sono io? (who I am?)Cosa dici? (what are you saying?)Come stai? (how are you?)Quale il suo nome? (whats your name?)Di dove sei? (where are you from?)Dove vivi? (where do you live?)Quanti anni hai?Come si chiama quella cosa in italiano?Cosa significa "scusami" in inglese?Che ore sono?

Ti piace qui? (do you like it here?)

Italian Possessive Pronoun

most of the time the article (il/la/i/le) should be used before the possessive form, example:il mio libro (my book)la mia casa dove sono felice (my house is where Im happy)However you may use the possessive form without its preceding article (il/la/i/le) in these cases:-Before family relation words in the singular. mio pardre (my father)

-When the pronoun follows the verb "essere", "Questa mia" (this is mine)-When the adjective follows the noun it refers to, "Questi sono libri miei" (these are my book)

Possessive Adjective Preposition

object

Italian Possessive Pronoun

Direct Indirect Singular possessive Plural possessiveioTu

MiTi

MiTi

MeTe

My/mineYour/ Yours

il mioil tuo

la miala tua

i mieii tuoi

le miele tue

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

24/59

Lui/ leiNoiVoi

Loro

Lo/ laCiVi

Li/ le

Gli/ leCiVi

Loro

Lui/ leiNoiVoi

Loro

His/Her/HersOur/ OursYour/ Yours

Their/ Theirs

il suoil nostroil vostro

il loro

la suala nostrala vostra

la loro

i suoii nostrii vostri

i loro

le suele nostrele vostre

le loro

Italian Direct Object Pronouns

They are similar to reflexive pronouns, except in the third person singular and plural ("si"). Object pronouns have two forms: one isused when the pronoun is placed before the verb form or combined with it, the other when the pronoun is placed after the verb.Object pronouns can replace more than one word or an entire sentence, and both direct and indirect pronouns go directly in front of theverb, except loro, which always follows the verb.ti amo (I love you), la amo (I love her), mi ami (you love me).

With infinitives or participles, the pronoun (except loro) follows it and is written as one word. Posso studiarla oggi (I can study ittoday)In the negative form, "non" precede the pronoun placed in front of verb. Non la posso studiare oggi (I cant study it today)In case you have more than one pronoun, the indirect comes before the direct. Te amo, te lo dico desso (I love you, I tell it to younow)Confusion Issues:

Dont confuse;

E: is

Ch : whatDa: verb (dare)La: thereSe: himself/ HerselfSi: yes

With:E: and

Che : thatDa: fromLa: the (feminine)Se: ifSi: himself (reflexive)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

25/59

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between Speak7 and Antonio, but this time you and an imaginary person,try to look up info that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes

Speaking training: try to read the conversation you just wrote out loud, train yourself well, you might need that for a realconversation in the future.


Italian Expressions

It's a deal Affare fattoit's bad (weather) Fa brutto tempoit's cold (weather) Fa freddo

it's cool (weather) Fa frescoit's foggy (weather) C' la nebbiait's freezing (weather) Fa un freddo gelidoit's hot (weather) Fa caldoit's humid (weather) umidoIt's me Sno ioIt's nice (weather) Fa bel tempoit's raining (weather) Pioveit's snowing Nevica

it's stormy Il tempo burrascosoit's sunny C' il soleIt's urgent. E urgente.it's windy Tira ventoIt's worth it Vale la penaIt's your turn! Tcca a te!I've Been Learning Italian For 1 Month imparo l'italiano da un mese.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

26/59

I've got a cold. Ho un raffreddore.I've got a headache/sore throat/ stomachache. Ho mal di testa/gola/stomaco.January 6 wish Buona Befana

Just a Little. Solo un po'.Keep calm! Calm down! Calma! Calmati!Leave me alone Lasciami stareLets go/have something to eat? Andiamo?/Andiamo a mangiareLet's go home. Andiamo a casa.Let's see. Vediamo.Listen! Ascolti/a/ate!Look! Guarda!Lucky you Buon per te

Lucky you! Beato/a (te, lui, lei) Beati/e (voi loro)Make yourself at home Faccia come se fsse a casa sua/ Mttiti in libertMay I come in? Posso entrareMay I help you? Posso aiutarLaMay I help you? Psso esserle utile?May I talk to... Potri parlare con...May I? Posso?Me/ You. Him/ Her. io/ tu, voi (you polite). Lui/ LeiMerry Christmas Buon NataleMind your business Fatti gli affari tuoi

Mr.../ Mrs./ Miss Signor / Signora (usually for both Mrs. & Ms)Much better Molto meglioMy feet hurt. Mi fanno male i piedi.My Italian Is Bad. il mio italiano orribile.My name is ..., I would like to talk to ... Mi chiamo ..., vorri parlare con...My Name Is . Mi chiamo ...My pleasure Con piacere/ Piacere mio

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

27/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

28/59

Un bicchiere di latte (a glass ofmilk)Un tipo di musica (a kind ofmusic)Regalo un libro a Carlos (I offered a bookto Carlos)

Regalo un libro ad Antonio (ad is used before vowels)Da Parigi a Roma (from Paris to Rome)Scrivo con mi penna (I write with my pen)il regalo perRayan (the present is forRayan)Laereo vola su Roma (the plane flies overRome)Un libro su Da Vinci (a bookabout Da Vinci)La penna fra le due libri nera(the penbetween the two books is black)La penna tra le due libri grigia(the penbetween the two books is grey)

La puerta della casa (di + la= della) (the doorof the house)Regalo un libro al bambino (a + il = al) (I offer a bookto the child)Regalo un libro agli amici (a + gli = agli) (I offer a bookto the friends)

Dalla citt alla campagna (da + la = dalla, a + la = alla)(from the city to the village)il latte nella bottiglia (in + la = nella) (milk is in the bottle)il libro sul tavolo (su + il = sul) (the bookabove the table)luomo col berreto (con + il = col) (the man with the hat)Easy right!

A list of most the most used prepositions in Italian:

Prepositions in Italian

a (to, toward)avanti (before)con (with)contro (against)da (since, from, of)

di (of; from; at)dentro (within, into, in)dietro (behind)dopo (later, soon, after)davanti (in front of, before)durante (during, while)fra (in, between)

inverso (against)fuori (outside)indietro (behind)malgrado (despite, in spite of)oltre (beyond, further)

per (for, through, per)presso (nearby)secondo (according to)senza (without)sotto (below, under, beneath)su (on, up, above)tra (from among, between)

Uno contro l'altro (against eachother)La vita non male, malgrado tutto (life is not bad, despite all)Abito in Roma da due anniTazza di coffeUn bichiere di latte (a bottle of milk)

Un tipo di musica (a kind of music)Regalo un libro a Maria (I offered a book to Maria)Regalo un libro ad Antonio (before vowels) (...to Antonio)Da Parigi a Roma (from Paris to Rome)Scrivo con mi penna (I write with my pen)il regalo eperSpeak7 (the gift is for Speak7 )Laereo vola su Roma (The plane flies over Rome)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

29/59

in (in, inside, within)in avanti (forward)

verso (about, towards) Un libro su Da Vinci (the book about Da Vinci)La penna fra li due libri (the pen between the two books)Si pu vivere senza amici? (can we live without friends?)

The table below show how they contract, its advised to memorize it or at least refer to it each time you wonder how to contract thepronoun with the preposition:The + di (some) a (to, for) da (from) in (in, by) su (over, about) con (with) Per (for)

il

l

lo

la

i

glile

deldelldellodelladei

deglidelle

alallalloallaai

aglialle

daldalldallodalladai

daglidalli

nelnellnellonellanei

neglinelle

sulsullsullosullasui

suglisulle

colcollcollocollacoi

coglicolle

Pel------Pei

----Italian Modal Verbs

Below is a table showing the helping verbs that come before the main verb, usually the verb coming after the modal verb take itsinfinitive just like English.

Italian Modal Verbs

ModalVerbs

Potere(to be able to, can)

Dovere(to have to, must)

Volere(to want)

Oraposso dirti grazie.(now I can tell you thanks!Devo partire subito. (I have to go right now)Voglio vivere. (I want to live)

Vuole avere una bicicletta.(he wants to have a bike)Che penna vuoi? (which pen do you want?)

Io

TuLui/leiNoiVoiLoro

Posso

PuoiPuPossiamoPotetePossono

Devo

DeviDeveDobbiamoDoveteDevono

Voglio

VuoiVuoleVogliamoVoleteVogliono

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

30/59

Italian Future Tense

For (~are) verbs, they change first their final (~are) into (~er), example (parlare parler) then they add the suffixes (-, -ai, -, -emo,-ete, -anno).For (~ere, and ~ire) verbs, they simply drop their final (e) and add the suffixes (-, -ai, -, -emo, -ete, -anno). Refer to the table abovefor examples.As you may have noticed there are some irregular verbs that follow a different pattern, Essere and avere are one of them, so you haveto memorize them instead of looking at the pattern they follow. Other examples of irregular future tense: andr (I will go), far (I willgo), star (I will be), sapr (I will know), dovr (I will have to), potr (I will be able to), vorr (I will want), vedr (I will see), verr (Iwill come).

Italian Future Tense

Future endings Parlare (to speak) Scrivere (to write) Partire (to go) Essere (to be) Avere (to have)IoTuLui/ leiNoiVoiLoro

~~ai~~emo~ete~anno

parlerparleraiparlerparleremoparlereteparleranno

scriverscriveraiscriverscriveremoscriveretescriveranno

partirpartiraipartirpartiremopartiretepartiranno

sarsaraisarsaremosaretesaranno

avravraiavravremoavreteavranno

Writing training: write the same conversation which was between A and B, but this time you and an imaginary person, try to look upinfo that you dont know their translation in Italian, apply some of the grammar you learned, and see how it goes Speaking training: try to read the conversation you just wrote out loud, train yourself well, you might need that for a realconversation in the future.


8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

31/59

Expressions in Italian

Nice To Meet You! un piacere conoscerti!/ un piacere conoscerla (polite)

No Problem! Non c' problema!No, it's free. No, libero.No, it's not allowed. No, proibito.Not at all Per nienteNot too bad Non c' maleNot well MaleNothing Much Non moltoO.K. See you tomorrow. Va bene. Ci vediamo domani.Oh! That's Good! Grande!One Moment Please! Un momento prego!One, Two, Three Uno, Due, Tre.Out of my house Fuori da casa miaPlease Per favore/ Per piacerePlease come in ntriPlease sit down Se sieda/Siediti.Pleasure PiacereReally! Davvero!Saint's Day wish Buon onomasticoSame to you Grazie altrettanto

Say Hi To John For me. Saluta John da parte mia!See you later A pi tardi/ A dopoSee you next Monday. A luned prossimoSee you soon Ci vediamo/ A prestoSee you tomorrow A domaniSeven, Eight, Nine, Ten Sette, Otto, Nove, Dieci.Sleep well! Buon riposo!

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

32/59

So long AddioSo so Cos cosSorry (for a mistake) Scusami!/ Mi scusi! (polite)

Sorry to bother you Scusi/Scusa/Scusate se la/ti/vi disturboSpeak up! Parli frte!Stop it! Enough! Basta!/ Finiscila (Finitela)Stop thief! Al ladro!Take care Stia beneTake care of yourself! Attenta a teTake your time Con comodoTell me, I' m very interested Racconti, mi interessa moltoThank You (Very Much)! Grazie (molto)!Thank you too! Grazie altrettantoThat sounds interesting. Sembra interessante.That's a good idea. Che bell'idea.That's all Non c' altroThat's good! Ch bravo/a/i/e!The door is open La porta apertathe morning, the afternoon, the evening, the night la mattina, il pomeriggio, la sera, la notte,there are ci sono ..This evening, tonight StaseraThis time Stavolta

this morning, today afternoon, this evening, tonight stamattina, oggi pomeriggio, stasera, stanotte

Italian Lesson 6Italian Adjectives

Adjectives in Italian must agree in gender and number with the noun, if the noun is singular feminine then the adjective should besingular feminine. Adjectives usually come after the noun.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

33/59

Italian adjectives are different than the English ones, The Italian adjective take 4 forms, usually adjectives take o at the end of thesingular masculine, and a for singular feminine, for plural masculine i, plural feminine take e

Italian AdjectivesSingular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminine

SmallOpened

PiccoloAperto

PiccolaAperta

PiccoliAperti

PiccoleAperte

However, its not always the case, some adjectives ending with e for example only change to their plural, the feminine or masculinedoesnt matter to them.

Italian Adjectives


BigInterestingGreen

GrandeInteressanteVerde

GrandeInteressanteVerde

GrandiInteressantiVerdi

GrandiInteressantiVerdi

Other exceptions are:Adjectives ending in ~co/~ca and ~go/~ga are spelt ~chi/~che and ~ghi/~ghe in the plural; these modifications are made simply tomaintain the same sound in the plural as well as the singular.

Italian Adjectives

Singular masculine Singular feminine Plural masculine Plural feminineWhiteLong

BiancoLungo

BiancaLunga

BianchiLunghi

BiancheLunghe

Some Italian Irregular Adjectives are: buono, bello, quello, theyre

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

34/59

Buon/ Buono buona, Buoni Buoni (Buono is used when uno could be used)For bello and quello, they are treated like the prepositions (a, con, da, di, in )

Italian ContractionsThe + Bello

(beautiful)

Quello (that)

il

l

lo

la

i

gli

le

belbellbellobellabeibeglibelle

quelquellquelloquellaqueiquegliquelle

As said before adjectives in Italian usually come after the noun they are describing but there are exceptions where the adjective alwaysstand before its noun; here some examples:-possessive adjectives (il mio, il tuo) -demonstrative adjectives (quest, quello )-the adjectives "molto" (much) and "troppo" (toomuch) -some adjectives denoting size can come either before or after their noun (un grande amico: a great friend) (un amico grande: atall/ huge/ big friend), usually when you have such adjectives before the name you focus more on the abstract meaning, while thephysical meaning is conveyed when you place the adjective after the noun.Negation in Italian

To form negative forms just add (non before the verb, Capisco (I understand), non capisco (I dont understand). Also in otherexpressions where there is no verb: non c problema! (there is no problem)Italian uses a lot double negatives: non ho dico niente (I havent said anything)

Italian Negation

Some negative expressions:

never: maiIf you have verb then you need to place it after the first non, all of them are double negatives:never: non ...mai (di sabato non lavoro mai: I never work on Saturdays)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

35/59

no longer: non ... pinothing: nientenobody: nessuno

not even: neancheneither nor: n ...n not important: da nienteno, not...any: nessunat all: per niente

no longer: non ... pi (non lavoropi: I no longer work)nothing: non niente (non ho niente: I have nothing)nobody: non ...nessuno (non conosco nessuno: I dont know anyone)

neither nor: non ... n ...n (non ho n soldi n felicit: I have neither money nor happiness)

Past Perfect in Italian

The Trapassato prossimo (recent pluperfect tense) is similar to the English past perfect "I had gone"; it expresses actions which havetaken place a long time ago and ended.In Italian you can only make the past perfect by combining (the auxiliary in the past + the past participle), its not that complicated,

its almost like English, almost the same way you make the past perfect to express something that had happened in the past: I hadwritten a book. (avevo escrito il libro)

Italian Past Perfect

AvevoAveviAvevaAvevamoAvevateAvevano

~ato (with ~are verbs)~uto (with ~are verbs)~ito (with ~are verbs)

EroEriEraEravamoEravateErano

~ato/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)~uto/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)~ito/a/i/e (with ~are verbs)

Past Perfect in Italian

avere vs essere avere Verbs essere Verbs avere & essere Irregulars

Pronoun Parlare

(to speak)

Sapere

(to know)

Finire

(to finish)

Partire

(to live)

Vedere

(to see)

Nascere

(to be born)

I Io Avevo parlato Avevo saputo Avevo finito Eropartito Avevo visto Ero andato

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

36/59

YouHe/SheWe

YouThey

TuLui/ leiNoi

VoiLoro

Avevi parlatoAveva parlatoAvevamo parlato

Avevate parlatoAvevano parlato

Avevi saputoAveva saputoAvevamo saputo

Avevate saputoAvevano saputo

Avevi finitoAveva finitoAvevamo finito

Avevate finitoAvevano finito

EripartitoErapartitoEravanopartiti

EravatepartitiEranopartiti

Avevi vistoAveva vistoAvevamo visto

Avevate vistoAvevano visto

Eri andatoEra andatoEravano andato

Eravate andatoErano andato

As you may have noticed in the table above, most verbs are conjugated with avere, however some verbs are conjugated withessere.As I have mentioned in the present perfect lesson, regular form simply add (~ato, ~uto, ~ito) to the stem of verbs, depending on thetype of verbs, if the verbs in the infinitive ends with ~are, then add ~ato: parlato (the verb parlare), add ~uto to the verbs ending with~are: creduto (the verb credere), and finally add ~ito to verbs ending in their infinitive with ~ire: partito (the verb partire)Note that some verbs take their past participle with the verb avere, while some other verbs take their past participle with the verb

essere (usually motion verbs)Also note that the past participle of verbs associated with essere should agree with the number and gender, so for example partito(gone) can also be ero partita (I had gone, for a female)/ eravano partiti (we men had gone)/ eravate partite (you females had gone)Verbs associated with avere dont have to agree with the number and gender, look at the examples in the table above.Remember: to form the past perfect with verbs conjugated with essere the gender and number matter, but not with verbs conjugatedwith avere.Irregular Forms: memorize the verbs that take irregular forms in the past participle such as:Verb/ Past participle/ English

Fare: fatto (done)Aprire: aperto (opened)Chiedere: chiesto (asked)Chiudere: chiuso (closed)Coprire: coperto (covered)Dare: dato (given)Dire: detto (said)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

37/59

Leggere: letto (read)Mettere: messo (put)Offrire: offerto (offered)

Perdere: perso (lost)Prendere: preso (taken)Scrivere: scritto (written)Spendere: speso (spent)Vedere: visto (seen)Vivere:vissuto (lived)Rompere: rotto (broken)

So you dont have to add (ate, uto, ito) to these verbs on the top, take their whole new form and place an past form of the auxiliary

verb avere or essere before them.Verbs that go with essere, most of them are verbs of motionhere is a list:Verb Translation Past Participle

andare to go andatoarrivare to arrive arrivatocadere to fall cadutodiventare to become diventatoentrare to enter entrato

essere to be statomorire to die mortonascere to be born natopartire to leave partitorimanere to remain rimastosalire to get into salitoscendere to get out of sceso

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

38/59

succedere to happen successotornare to return tornatouscire to go out uscito

venire to come venutoExcept these verbs on the top, 90% of the rest of verbs go with avere.


Italian Expressions

This/ That. Here/There Questo/ Quello. Qui/ Li.

Till Monday. Fino a luned.Today/ Now Oggi/ AdessoTomorrow/ Yesterday Domani/ ieriVery well, thank you. And you? Bne, grzie, e Li?Wait a minute! Asptti un momento!Wait for me! Mi asptti! Mi aspttino!Wait! Asptti!Watch out AttenzioneWe had a lot of fun Ci siamo proprio divertiti.

Welcome! (to greet someone) Benvenuto!/ Benvenuta! (female)Well done Bn fatto!What a lovely day! Che bella giornata!What a mess Che macelloWhat Do You Do For A Living? cosa fai per vivere?What Does "scusami" Mean In English? Cosa significa "scusami" in inglese?What happened to you? Che Le succsso?

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

39/59

What Is This? Cos' questa cosa?What should I say? Come devo dire?What Time Is It? Che ore sono?

What? Where? Cosa? Dove?What's New? che c' di nuovo?What's That Called In Italian? Come si chiama quella cosa in italiano?What's the date (today)? Che data (oggi)?What's the matter? Che ha?What's wrong with you? Che ti prnde?What's Your Name? Quale il suo nome?What's the weather like today? Che tempo fa oggi?Where Are You From? Di dove sei?/ Di dove ? (polite)Where Do You Live? Dove vivi?/ Dove vive? (polite)Where is the (bathroom/ pharmacy)? Dove posso trovare (il bagno/ la farmacia?)Who is this? Chi ?Whom am I talking to? Con chi parlo?Who's that girl? Chi quella ragazza?Who's this? Chi parla?Why do you learn Italian? Perch studia l'italiano?Will you show me your photos? Mi fa/fai vedere le fotografie?Would you like (a cup of coffe, a drink)? Gradisce (un caff, un bicchierino...)?Would you like to go for a walk? Vuole/Vuoi/Volete fare una passeggiata?

Write It Down Please! Scrivilo per favore!/ Lo scriva per favore (polite)Yes, I do, but I prefer tea. Si, mi piace, ma preferisco ilYes/ No Si/ NoYou are right. Ha ragione.You're crazy! Sei pazzo!You're Very Kind! Sei molto gentile!/ lei molto gentile (polite)You're Welcome! (answering "thank you") Prego!

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

40/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

41/59

tu parli informal of (you speak) and (Lei parla) formal of (you speak), in the imperative you just need to switch them.parla! means speak! informal, parli! means speak! formal.For (~ere, ~ire) the affirmative second person singular is identical to the second person singular form of the present tense.For all conjugations (are/ere/ire), the second person plural (voi) is identical to the second person plural form of the present tense.Check out the table below, it will explain it all:

Italian Imperative

parlare vendere aprire finiretuLeinoivoi

parlaparliparliamoparlate

vendivendavendiamovendete

apriapraapriamoaprite

finiscifiniscafiniamofinite

Negative commands are usually expressed in Italian with non followed by the infinitive verb. For example:Don't eat! (non mangiare!)No smoking! (non fumare!)Adverbs in Italian (avverbi)

An adjective can be made into an adverb by simply adding -mente to the adjective example: veloce "quick" becomes veloce mente"quickly.There are exceptions that are easy to understand:Adding mente to adjectives that theirfeminine singularis ending with a, example: lenta "slow" becomes lentamente "slowly".If an adjective ends in -ale, -ile, or-are, the adverb is formed with the root of the adjective plus the ending -mente.

Italian AdverbsAdjectives (general) Adjective (feminine) Adverb

velocelentogentilefacile

velocelentagentilefacile

velocemente (quickly)lentamente (slowly)gentilmente (kindly)facilmente (easily)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

42/59

speciale speciale specialmente (specially)

The table below contains adverbs that dont come from adjectives; theyre used very often so try to memorize them.

List of Italian AdverbsAbove: sopraAgainst: controAlready: giAlways: sempreAround: attornoBadly: male

Behind: dietroBeyond: oltrein, inside: dentroMoreover: inoltreNearby: vicinoOutside: fuori

Soon: prestoStill: ancoraThen: dopoTogether: insiemeBelow: sottoWell: bene

This is a list of some very important verbs in Italian:

Italian Expressions

to abandon oneself abbandonarsito accept accettareto admit ammettereto affirm affermareto agree convenireto agree accondiscndereto announce annunciareto apply oneself to mttersito appreciate gradireto ask chiedereto ask domandareto aspire aspirareto assure assicurareto attempt tentare

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

43/59

to avoid evitareto avoid tralasciareto be able to essere in grado

to be able to, can potereto be about accngersito be ashamed averevergognato be ashamed of vergognarsito be concerned with occuparsito be eager for anelareto be exhausted non poterne pito be happy essere lietoto be happy essere contentoto be happy essere feliceto be in a hurry avere frettato be in the position of essere nella posizioneto be interested in interessarsito be late tardareto be on the point of avviarsito be proud essere fieroto be saddened dispiacersito be sorry dolersito begin iniziare

to believe credereto believe ritenereto carry on proseguireto come venireto communicate comunicareto compel obbligareto complain lamentarsi

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

44/59

to condemn condannareto confess confessareto confirm confermare

to consent acconsentireto continue continuareto convince persuadereto dare osareto dare arrischiarsito decide decidereto decide decdersito declare dichiarareto defend sostenereto delude oneself illudersito demonstrate dimostrareto devote oneself darsito do one's best ingegnarsito doubt dubitareto dream sognareto encourage incoraggiareto encourage incoraggiareto end by finireto establish stabilire

to exclude escludereto expect aspettarsito fantasize fantasticareto fantasize fantasticareto fear avere paurato feel avere l'impressioneto feel like sentirsela

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

45/59

to force costrngereto force obbligareto forget dimenticare

to forget about something lasciar perdereto get ready apprestarsito get ready disprsito get tired of something stancarsito get tired of stancarsito get used to abituarsito go andareto go back tornareto go on seguitareto guess indovinareto have a good time divertirsito have difficulty stentareto have in mind ripromettersito have the right avere il dirittoto have to dovereto hazard azzardareto hazard azzardarsito help aiutareto hint accennare

to hope augurarsito hope sperareto hurry up affrettarsito hurry up sbrigarsito ignore ignorareto inform informareto insist insstere

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

46/59

to intend avere intenzioneto intend intendereto invite invitare

to invite invitareto know sapereto know sapereto learn apprndereto learn imparareto limit oneself limitarsito long for ambireto love amareto narrate narrareto need avere bisogno

to need, to feel like avere vogliato negate negareto neglect trascurareto oblige costrngereto offer offrireto pass passareto persist ostinarsito persist persstereto plan proporsi

to prefer preferireto prepare oneself acconciarsito prepare oneself prepararsito pretend fingereto promise promettereto propose proporreto realize accrgersi

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

47/59

to realize rendersi contoto recognize riconoscereto refuse rifiutarsi

to regret pentirsito regret rimpiangereto remember ricordareto remember ricordarsito renounce rinunciareto repeat ripetereto report riferireto resign oneself rassegnarsito risk rischiareto run crrere

to say direto scream spolmonarsito send mandareto start attaccareto start cominciareto start incominciareto start prndereto start over riprndereto stay stare

to stop smettereto stop cessareto stop smettereto stop fermarsito stop, to end finireto succeed riuscireto suffer soffrire

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

48/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

49/59

Italian ExpressionsItalian Expressions

A Happy New Year Buona fine e buon principioAfter you Dopo di liAll right Va beneAll the best! Tante coseAnd You? e tu? e lei? (polite)Are you hungry/thirsty.? Ha/Hai/Avete fame/sete?Are you sure? Sei sicuro/a?At your service A sua disposizine

August 15 wish Buon FerragostoBe careful Attento/a/i/eBe happy Siate feliciBe my guest Faccia pureBe strong Sia forteBest wishes Tanti auguriBig/ Small Grosso/ PiccoloBless you (after sneezing) Salute!Bravo Bravo/a/i/e

Call back later. Riprvi pi tardi.Can I have five kilos of potatoes. Posso avere cinque chili di patate?Can I Help You? Posso aiutarti?/ posso aiutarla (polite)?Can I smoke here? Si pu fumare qui?Can You Help Me? Potresti aiutarmi?/ potrebbe aiutarmi? (polite)Can You Say It Again? Potresti ripetere per favore?/ Potrebbe ripetere per favore? (polite)Can You Speak Slowly? Puoi parlare lentamente? Potrebbe parlare lentamente? (polite)

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

50/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

51/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

52/59

Here is / Here are... Ecco...Here You Go! (when giving something) Eccolo!Hey! Friend! Ciao! Amico!

Hey, you Ehi lHi! Ciao!Hold On Please! (phone) Attenda prego!How Are You? Come stai?/ Come state (polite)?How boring! Che barba!How do you feel? Come si snte?How Do You Say "Please" In Italian? Come dite please in italiano?How far is it to Milano (from here)? Quanto dista Milano (da qui)?How long are you staying here? Per quanto tempo si ferma/ti fermi/ vi fermate qui?How long have you been here? Da quanto tempo /sei/siete qui?

How Much Is This? Quanto costa questo?How Old Are You? Quanti anni hai?How's going? Come va?/ Come t la passi?Hurry Up! Sbrigati!/ Fccia presto!I beg your pardon. Sorry. ScusiI Don't Know! Non lo so!I don't remember Non ricordo.I Don't Understand! Non capisco!

I Feel Sick. Mi sento male!I forgot. Ho dimenticato.I Have No Idea. Non ne ho idea!I Have To Go Devo andareI hope so./Let's hope so. Spero di si./Speriamo.I Like Italian Mi piace l'italiano.I like you very much. Mi piaci tanto.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

53/59

I live in (the U.S/ Italia) Vivo (negli stati uniti / in Italia)I live in that house there Abito in quella casa lI Love You! Ti amo!/ Ti voglio bene!

I Missed You So Much! Mi sei mancato molto!I Need A Doctor Ho bisogno di un dottore!I need to practice my Italian ho bisogno di fare pratica con il mio italianoI often come to Italy Vengo spesso in ItaliaI Really Like It! Mi piace davvero.I Will Be Right Back! Torno subito!I wish I had a car. Se solo avessi una macchina!I Work As A (Translator/ Businessman) Lavoro come (traduttore/ uomo d'affari)Im (American) Sono (americano).I'd love to come. Mi far molto piacere venire.

I'd Like To Visit Italia One Day Mi piacerebbe visitare l'Italia un giorno di questi!I'll be glad to (do it) Con piacere.I'll call back later. Richiamo pi tardi.I'll let you talk to... Le passo...I'm (twenty, thirty) Years Old. Ho (venti, trenta ) anni.I'm bored. Mi annoio.I'm cold. Ho freddo.I'm coming! Vengo!I'm Fine, Thanks! Bene, grazie!

I'm From (the U.S/ Italia) Sono (statunitense, italiano).I'm hot. Ho caldo.I'm Hungry/ Thirsty. Sono Affamato/ Assetato.I'm in a hurry. Ho fretta.I'm Looking For John. Sto cercando John.I'm Lost Mi sono perso/ persa (feminine)I'm sleepy. I'm going to bed Ho sonno. Vado a letto.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

54/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

55/59

it's windy Tira ventoIt's worth it Vale la penaIt's your turn! Tcca a te!

I've Been Learning Italian For 1 Month imparo l'italiano da un mese.I've got a cold. Ho un raffreddore.I've got a headache/sore throat/ stomachache. Ho mal di testa/gola/stomaco.January 6 wish Buona BefanaJust a Little. Solo un po'.Keep calm! Calm down! Calma! Calmati!Leave me alone Lasciami stareLet's go/have something to eat? Andiamo?/Andiamo a mangiareLet's go home. Andiamo a casa.Let's see. Vediamo.

Listen! Ascolti/a/ate!Look! Guarda!Lucky you Buon per teLucky you! Beato/a (te, lui, lei) Beati/e (voi loro)Make yourself at home Faccia come se fsse a casa sua/ Mttiti in libertMay I come in? Posso entrareMay I help you? Posso aiutarLaMay I help you? Psso esserle utile?May I talk to... Potri parlare con...

May I? Posso?Me/ You. Him/ Her. io/ tu, voi (you polite). Lui/ LeiMerry Christmas Buon NataleMind your business Fatti gli affari tuoiMr.../ Mrs./ Miss Signor / Signora (usually for both Mrs. & Ms)Much better Molto meglioMy feet hurt. Mi fanno male i piedi.

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

56/59

My Italian Is Bad. il mio italiano orribile.My name is ..., I would like to talk to ... Mi chiamo ..., vorri parlare con...My Name Is . Mi chiamo ...

My pleasure Con piacere/ Piacere mioNever mind Non importaNext! Stto a chi tcca!

Nice To Meet You! un piacere conoscerti!/ un piacere conoscerla (polite)No Problem! Non c' problema!No, it's free. No, libero.No, it's not allowed. No, proibito.Not at all Per niente

Not too bad Non c' maleNot well MaleNothing Much Non moltoO.K. See you tomorrow. Va bene. Ci vediamo domani.Oh! That's Good! Grande!One Moment Please! Un momento prego!One, Two, Three Uno, Due, Tre.Out of my house Fuori da casa miaPlease Per favore/ Per piacere

Please come in ntriPlease sit down Se sieda/Siediti.Pleasure PiacereReally! Davvero!Saint's Day wish Buon onomasticoSame to you Grazie altrettantoSay Hi To John For me. Saluta John da parte mia!

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

57/59

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

58/59

This/ That. Here/There Questo/ Quello. Qui/ Li.Till Monday. Fino a luned.Today/ Now Oggi/ AdessoTomorrow/ Yesterday Domani/ ieriVery well, thank you. And you? Bne, grzie, e Li?Wait a minute! Asptti un momento!Wait for me! Mi asptti! Mi aspttino!Wait! Asptti!Watch out AttenzioneWe had a lot of fun Ci siamo proprio divertiti.Welcome! (to greet someone) Benvenuto!/ Benvenuta! (female)Well done Bn fatto!

What a lovely day! Che bella giornata!What a mess Che macelloWhat Do You Do For A Living? cosa fai per vivere?What Does "scusami" Mean In English? Cosa significa "scusami" in inglese?What happened to you? Che Le succsso?What Is This? Cos' questa cosa?What should I say? Come devo dire?What Time Is It? Che ore sono?What? Where? Cosa? Dove?

What's New? che c' di nuovo?What's That Called In Italian? Come si chiama quella cosa in italiano?What's the date (today)? Che data (oggi)?What's the matter? Che ha?What's wrong with you? Che ti prnde?What's Your Name? Quale il suo nome?What's the weather like today? Che tempo fa oggi?

8/2/2019 82669560 Curs Italiana

59/59

82669560 curs italiana

Documents