8090261 pti 0310 layout 1 - parken aktuell · gatwick airport contract apcoa is delighted to...

Edi torial

Parking trend international no. 3-2010

Dear Parking Trend Readers,The summer and its warmrestful days, of which manyof us have no doubt used togo on vacation, is now gra-dually drawing to a close.Concentration on businessdetermines our daily routineagain, senses become shar-per and our attention focuseson the world of »parking«.Seminars, congresses as wellas large-scale internationalconferences loom up on thehorizon. If you study the situation concerning stationary and moving traffic ina city or town a bit closer you come to the conclusion that parking, or parkingspace management, has a lot in common with mobility in general.

Take, for example, electric mobility. The term embraces sustainability, clean environment, renewable energy, environment protection. Put in a nuts-hell, the improvement of our living conditions on this planet. High expectationsare attached to changes in drive systems technology for motor vehicles, and a lot of money is being invested in getting a step closer to the goal of traffic sustainability.

We notice that policies now seem to be to approach the car park companiesencouraging them to make a contribution to expanding infrastructure with the aim of promoting E-mobility. This comprises the provision of parking lotswith power points, plus the necessary supply technology. In my view, we arecurrently going through a »hype phase« as far as E-mobility is concerned.Electric mobility in the sense of sustainability and climate protection onlymakes sense when »green electricity« is produced. In other words, by environ-ment-friendly power stations. But that is still along way off. As long as elec -tricity is produced by »dirty power stations« using fossil fuels such as oil, coaland gas or by nuclear power stations, then climate protection is not on the cards.Present combustion technology in motor vehicles offers far greater potentialfor a »green environment« than E-mobility. The vehicles must be lighter andpollutant emission must be reduced. This is technically feasible – but the willmust be there. Research and development in the field of electric mobility mustnot be to the detriment of pollutant reduction in conventional cars.

I wish you all the best.

Kind regardsGerry Trost-Heutmekers

Gerry Trost-Heutmekers

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Con tents


Business News 6-8

Lead Story»Maintenance isn’t sexy – but necessary« 12

Maintenance of multi-storey and underground car parks

Best PracticeSpectacular parking from underground 18

to the AlpsTop 10 architecturally impressive car parks

Happy 75th anniversary 21First parking meter was installed in 1935

EPA NewsThe scientific preparation 22

15th EPA Congress: Torino, September 2011Common path of Spain and Portugal 24

3rd Iberian SeminarEPA Awards 2011 – Rules and Regulations 25EPA Award: entry form 28EPA members: Current contact details 29The parking industry meets at 30

Schalke and gets up-to-dateConference and meeting of the members of the Bundesverband Parken e.V.

There is no free on-street parking – 3210 things to know about parking rules in Hungary

Parking Policy – Goals, Conditions, 34Procedures and Implementation

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Con tents

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Innovative Products 36

BackgroundGlobal Parking Rates Survey 40Engineers search for parking perfection 42British threesome – ANPR International, 44

Metric Parking and Mouchel announce partnershipBemrose sold to Paragon Group 45

International SolutionSFpark project introduces new coin and 46

card parking meterWalking under the stars – Triennial Lienz 1.0 47Aberdeen driver faces £18,000 bill for parking 48

ProspectsThe 3rd Middle East Parking Symposium 50

Imprint 50

Business News

The demountable free-standing parking deckFastPark gained its 11thinstallation in the city ofBelgrade. Located in oneof the most famous andcrowded places in theSerbian Capital, SlavijaTrg, the new parking sol-ves the most critical is-sues in parking demandof one of the most im-portant urban centrali-ties. A huge number ofbuildings which host activities fromthe service sector (incentive houses,retail, hotels, etc.) and a proportionalcar parks number of can now disposeof a brand new parking system withcapacity 128 car spaces.

The installation has allowed JKPParking Servis, the city owned com-pany engaged for a long time in localparking management, to double theexisting parking area in only 30 days.

The safety of investment comes alongwith the cost effectiveness of the system, consequently allowing thehighest return on investment concei-vable for a parking structure. Accor-ding to FastPark the payback periodof the initial capital expenditure cor-responds to a time span of just a fewyears of parking management. !

! www.fastpark.com

Circontrol

New distributorin KuwaitCircontrol has recently signed a newdistributor in Kuwait. The new part-ner is Universal Projects Company.Unipro offers security and turnkeysolutions for government or privatecorporation businesses since 1997.Circontrol has over ten years of ex-perience in supplying efficiency so-lutions for car parks and securitysystems. The company is providingparking guidance systems linkedwith energy management and LEDlighting. Latest innovations in itsproduct range are solutions for elec -tric vehicle charging stations. !

! www.unipro.com.kw

Google

Online parking community?

New app for Android: »Open Spot«Screenshot: http://openspot.googlelabs.com

Google has developed something like an Android social network for parkingspots. Called »Open Spot,« it relies on people rather than sensors or other so-phisticated technology to locate parking spots that are being vacated.Open Spot users indicate when they’re leaving a spot. The phone’s locationawareness indicates that person’s location on the map and shows that informa-tion to other Open Spot users in the area.Spots remain open for a maximum of 20 minutes. After 20 minutes parkingspots expire. Color-coding indicates how long they’ve been open and the pro-bability that they’re still open. !

! http://openspot.googlelabs.com

6 Parking trend international no. 3-2010

FastPark®

11th installation in Belgrade

Doubling the car spaces: FastPark installs a parking deck at Trg Dimitrija Tucovi at Belgrad.

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Business News

7Parking trend international no. 3-2010

The Parkmobile Group launched a mobileapplication for the iPhone. With this app,Dutch and English Parkmobile customershave the capability to start and stop their par-king transaction using their iPhone and GPSlocation.

»We are very excited that we can give ourcustomers the possibility to automatically lookup the correct zone number and start a parkingtransaction,« says Allard Hansma, MarketingManager of the Parkmobile Group. He continues:»With the launch of GPS we take pay by phoneparking to the next level – we’ve made it evenmore convenient for the customer. Just launch theapp, confirm your location and you are parked fromthe comfort of your own car.«

The app consists of multiple functionalities tostart and stop parking sessions as well as givingthe customer the possibility to key in a durationtime or extend a parking transaction. The appalso provides you with a history of your last fiveparking actions.

Looking forward Hansma says: »At the mo-ment we’re concentrating on the GPS locati-ons and upgrading the accuracy wherepossible. Getting all the correct locations ofthe parking meters and spaces in the Net-herlands and United Kingdom is not a oneday job. The app learns every day aboutthese locations.« !

! www.parkmobileapp.nl! www.parkmobileapp.co.uk

Agreement on truck parking areas

LABEL, IRU and ITFsign cooperation IRU, together with the InternationalTransport Forum (ITF), signed a coope-ration agreement with the EU fundedLABEL project to stimulate the develop-ment of truck parking areas (TPAs) offe-ring sufficient levels of security andcomfort. The agreement notably includesthe setting of criteria for security andservice quality levels, public display ofLABEL test audits of TPAs and the sup-port from IRU and ITF to ensure the sus-tainability of LABEL TPA standards andcertification, involving all competent go-vernmental and non-governmental aut-horities, as well as business partners atnational and international levels. Allpartners are encouraged to enter TPAslocation and available services intoTRANSPark, a web-based applicationjointly developed by the IRU and ITF tohelp drivers / operators to identify andlocate safe parking areas best suited fortheir needs along their routes. !

! www.iru.org

Parkmobile Group

Parking with the iPhone

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Cashless parking:

Mobile phone calls

replace coins.

APCOA

Gatwick Airport contractApcoa is delighted to announce theaward of a new four and a half yearparking management contract at Gat-wick Airport. This significant additionto the company’s airport portfoliomeans Apcoa now operates the entirepublic parking estate at Gatwick, in-cluding all 32,000 parking spaces. Thenew contract includes the manage-ment of an additional 12,000 parkingspaces, bussing and forecourt manage-ment for both terminals.

Gatwick Airport Ltd (GAL) operatesthe UK’s second largest airport withthe busiest single-use runway in theworld, handling approximately 35 mil-lion passengers a year for 80 airlines.

Just 28 miles from London, Gatwick ispredominantly focused on scheduledand low cost flights, serving 13 domes-tic and 189 foreign destinations.Apcoas Managing Director Chris Pullencomments: »We are delighted to havebeen appointed as Gatwicks’ single provider of parking management for the public car parks. As the UK’s mar-ket leading airport parking operator, we will be bringing our considerable ex perience and expertise to this veryim portant airport. We look forward toworking closely with Gatwick to furtherenhance customer service and satisfac-tion over the coming years.« !

! www.apcoa.co.uk

London Gatwick: sight of the north terminal

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Business News


Cale Deutschland received an order forfurnishing of parking places for motor ca-ravans. A new station for campers, withsupply, waste disposal and 14 platformsfor supply of electricity, was opened closeto the unique thermal spa Bad Wörisho-fen. Each supply platform provides 28campers with two sockets each for electri-city. This was an especially demandingorder as a 5.000 litre large undergroundtank for the receipt of waste water fromthe campers was needed. This challengewas solved in cooperation with the com-pany Dehoust GmbH from Nienburg.

Further growth in NorwayOslo municipality has started to replace alarge number of MP 104 terminals for cre-dit card and coin payment with CWT2110. The MP 104 terminals in questionwill be re-installed and are replacingolder terminals which have not handledcredit card payments. Many private par-

king companies like EuroPark AS, ParkNordic AS, Q-Park AS and Time Park AShave continued to use Cale terminals fornew installation sites, says Cale.

Radom is located 100 kilometres southof Warsaw and counts 230.000 inhabi-tants. Like many other larger cities, theincreased number of cars causes pro-blems with missing parking facilities inthe city centre. The company Projekt &Parking, which already handles around10.000 parking spaces around Poland, hasbeen awarded an agreement for the par-king management in Radom. All termi-nals are connected to CWO, making itpossible for service technicians to imme-diately act on any disturbance. Further, it enables the municipal authority tokeep track of the current status of the terminals as well as check that the com-pany managing them is performing ade-quately. !

! www.calegroup.se

On-street parking: Cale’s CWT 104 terminals have recently been installed in Radom, Poland.

Cale

Successful in Norway, Germany and Poland

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P eople in Parking

BPA Annual ConferenceThe BPA Annual Conferencewill take place at the Royal Bo-rough of Kensington and Chel-sea's Conference and EventsCentre on Wednesday 6th Octo-ber 2010. Title of the event»Parking: It’s everyone’s busi-ness.« The conference will seekto examine how effective andefficient parking services maybe delivered through collabora-tion and strategic partnerships.The new Masterclass sessionswant to give practical tips to de-legates on how to deliver morewith less and give a better un-derstanding of parking ma-nagement across all sectors. !! www.britishparking.co.uk

The new presi dentof the Bri tish Par-king As so ciation(BPA), Gra hamBrown, launchedthe BPA’s MasterPlan for Parking,which sets outthe Association’spriorities for

what government must do toachieve success in the parkingarena. The issues covered in-clude the regulation of the pri-vate parking sector, charging forhospital parking, the BlueBadge Reform Strategy, andestablishing a regulator for thebailiff sector. Graham Brownsaid: »The BPA has done muchin the last three years to imple-ment self-regulation [of the pri-vate parking sector] which hasseen excellent progress. But go-vernment now needs to helpwith further regulation.« !

! www.britishparking.co.uk

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New BPA President: Graham Brown


German TOP 100 award of innovatorsDesigna has been awarded as one of Germany's top100 innovators. The company’s managing director Dr

Thomas Waibel explains the key to this success: »We are opento solutions from unrelated sectors which, cleverly integra-ted, can produce unique results.« This clear visionary ap-proach helps the Kiel company and its 250 staff develop andproduce fully automatic technologies for multi-storey carparks and install them all around the world.

Foothold in other sectorsThe latest innovation from the far north of Germany has al-ready found a firm foothold in other sectors: »ApplicationService Providing« (ASP), meaning outsourcing whole admi-nistrative areas and work processes to a single service provi-der. Designa recently began providing this service to itscustomers to run multi-storey car parks. With ASP, all an ope-rator's car parks are connected via the internet and run froma central server, cutting costs for staff, software updates, ser-vicing and server downtime. Thus, every single multi-storeyand underground car park around the world can be monito-red simultaneously, and manipulation of the server is no lon-ger possible. The Kiel company's creativity pays off: a full 85 per cent of its current turnover comes from innovationsmade over the past three years. For several months the

Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU Wien)tested the level of innovation at a total of 248 medium-sizedcompanies in Germany. The 100 best, among which wasDesigna, are to bear this seal of quality for one year. »Goodideas do not arrive on the market all on their own. We work hard on them day in, day out. Of course, we are delighted that our commitment is now being rewarded, andit shows us that we are on the right path. In some ways italso shows that we are not going to run out of good ideas in future, either«, Waibel said.

Altogether, 32.500 people work for top innovators acrossGermany. They are always tinkering around and are not afraidof change, as their employers use stringent innovation ma-nagement to create the perfect conditions for creativity, get-ting the best from their staff. It also makes them a significantdriving force for the German economy: in 2009 they nettedan overall turnover of EUR 11.1 billions. Of the 100 medium-sized companies which bear the seal of quality in 2010, 42 arethe national number one in their sector and ten are worldmarket leaders. The 60 family-run businesses in this year's»Top 100« show that an awareness of tradition and a willing-ness to change are not mutually exclusive. Of the 100 compa-nies, 86 have grown faster than the average for their sectorover the past three years. !

»Top 100« honours the most innovative companies in Germany. This year, Designa Verkehrsleittechnik GmbH is on the list. The mentor of the project is Lothar Späth (in the middle), retired premier of the German federal state Baden-Württemberg – here with Designa’s managing director Dr. Thomas Waibel (l.).

Business News


Q-Park is opening a parkingdestination in RockinghamStreet in Sheffield City Cen-tre. This is the area of Shef-field where the cutlery worksand the Assay Office used to stand, and so artwork de-picting this historic landmarkwill be placed around the newcar park, which is centrally lo-cated near, restaurants, bars,hotels, Sheffield Universityand retail outlets. The facilityplays host to over 530 car parkspaces which are all angledfor easy parking.

Equipped to the highest degree ofcustomer service facilities, the parkingdestination offers free buggy and um-brella hire, a shoe shine machine, 24hour CCTV, jump leads and an AEDheart defibrillator machine for emer-gencies. Furthermore, the new car park

has power sockets for charging electriccars, a floor coating that absorbs spiltfuel and is cleaned with a machine thatuses less water than other cleaning ma-chines. The Rockingham Street carpark also has an eye catching green fa-çade, illuminated signage and clearroad markings for navigation around

the car park. For safety reasonsand to maintain cleanliness aQ-Park host will carry out regu-lar patrols. The pedestrian en-trances are secure; only thosewith a parking ticket can gainaccess to them and there arevehicle entrance security shut-ters which serve to keep outthose with criminal intent ofany description from enteringthe building.

Said Adam Bidder, mana-ging director of Q-Park: »Wehope businesspeople, shoppers,

commuters and tourists will try out ournew Q-Park and enjoy all that it is hasto offer by way of design, safety, conve-nience and service. The car park is alsoa positive step forward for the futureSevenstone development as it is seen isa key strategic location for serving newretail and leisure facilities.« !

Business News

Q-Park

Premier parking destination

Strategic location: new Q-Park facility on Sheffield’s Rockingham Street

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Business News


Skidata, self-appointed innovation leader in car accesssystems, will deploy a parking management solution

for the third-busiest airport in the world, the Dallas/FortWorth International Airport. The contract provides for a turn-key solution for parking access management at the airport,including hardware, software and tools for administration. Im-plementation is scheduled to be completed in 2013.

The Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) International Airport’s cur-rent parking control system will be replaced by a Skidata so-lution to manage more than 40,000 parking spaces for airtravelers and airport employees. Skidata was awarded thecontract with the DFW Airport Board based on its experiencein centrally-managed large-scale PARCS (Parking Access andRevenue Control Systems). Skidata has extended worldwideexperience in large airport parking management as well asmulti-site installations.

Tom Rollo, President and CEO of Skidata, Inc., said: »Ski-data is thrilled to be part of the DFW team and to contributeto roll out such a technologically advanced strategic project.We’re ready to meet the challenge and deliver a solution tai-lored to meet the needs of DFW for the next two decades.«

Integrated solution SKIDATA will equip the Dallas/Fort Worth International Air-port with a unified solution, providing hardware, software andtools for administration. So-called »intelligent« software so-lutions support airport management with functional planning

options, aiming to improve their efficiency. The system self-monitors, which frees employees from routine tasks and enab-les air travelers and airport staff to benefit from advancedtechnology. An Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) systemwill enable regular customers to access and exit parking areassmoothly and rapidly.

Largest US projectIn 2000, Skidata, Inc. was established in New Jersey to pro-mote and distribute Skidata's parking solutions in the US.The company's tenth anniversary in North America is mar-ked by the launch of the parking management system for Dal-las/Fort Worth International Airport, Skidata's largest USproject so far.

»We are investing extensively in the US,« stated CharlesEgli, CEO of Skidata AG, »and are delighted to have won thisproject against stiff competition. We have implementedmajor airport projects all around the globe and today we areextremely pleased to have scored a success in what representsa high-potential market for our parking business.« Skidatahas deployed parking solutions for the Munich, Zurich, Mont-real, Abu Dhabi and Amsterdam airports, among many others.

Armin J. Cruz, VP of Parking at DFW said: »Our successdepends on reliability. We analyzed the Skidata technologyused at the Munich Airport very closely and are confidentthat Skidata will provide us with the sophisticated solutionwe expect, one that meets our specific requirements.« !

SKIDATA

Major Contract in the US

Third-busiest airport in the world: Dallas/Fort Worth International Photo: Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport

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Lead Story


Engineers and planners are frequently asked just howimportant maintenance and servicing are. This topic

always was, still is, and will continue in the future to be un-popular. Not a great deal of attention is paid to the theme intraining, and the »maintenance« department’s reputation isnot really something to write home about. This state of affairsis not exactly conducive to good maintenance and servicing.Regular inspection, reporting and maintenance are extre-mely important, both from the safety and cost aspects – notonly for running a car park well but also to avoid unneces-sary maintenance work and unpleasant surprises. The plan-ning of car parks also involves two additional problems:1. If the future operator is unknown at the planning stage,

then the subject of maintenance won’t be addressed lateron.

2. Many of the consultants involved in the planning of carparks, also including architects, designers and equipmentsuppliers, very often have no relationship with the subject.

Long-term maintenance scheduleOperators strive to achieve a high degree of reliability andan optimum utilisation factor of the car park, attempting toaccomplish the goal at the lowest possible cost. Maintenancemust be brought in line with this aim. A maintenance sche-dule is, therefore, required to keep car parks in good condi-tion on a long-term basis at low cost.

The high maintenance costs involved are invariably unde-restimated by operators. There is a big difference between an ordinary, run-of-the-mill car park with natural ventilation

and a luxury underground car park. An ordinary car parkwith natural ventilation only has one lighting system, anemergency lighting system and just one means of access. Incomparison, a modern underground car park requires techni-cal systems for access control, lifts, lighting, ventilation, car-bon monoxide and auto gas sensors, fire detection systems,evacuation systems, coated floors and fire-retardant materi-als for wall and ceiling coverings.

Maintenance costs can be kept within limits by putting agood maintenance schedule in place. Initially, functional, con-struction as well as technical installation aspects coupledwith careful execution during the construction phase play animportant role. This is then followed by maintenance duringactual operation for which a multiyear schedule must bedrawn up, taking practical aspects into account.

By Dipl.-Ing. Jitze Rinsma, Keypoint ParkingEnschede, The Netherlands

Maintenance of multi-storey and underground car parks

Maintenance isn’t sexy – but nec[says Prof. Sven Hansson PhD of the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm]

SummaryMaintenance and servicing are a sizeable cost factor in the operation of a car parking facility. Due diligence at the planning stage and during con-struction is of great significance in keeping costs to a minimum. The operator has a major role to play during this phase. On the other hand, the operator isoften unknown during planning and construction.One of the options available here is to engage an expert with practical experience to take charge of ope-ration and management. It is also very worthwhilebringing in consultants early on who have experiencein the projection of multi-story car parks and who are also prepared to listen on the subject of optimisedmaintenance costs. A multiyear maintenance sche-dule should be put in place at the latest when the facility is commissioned in order to properly carry out maintenance and repairs or have them done by an outside firm. Costs can be limited by adopting thisapproach with maximum reliability and operationalsafety being achieved at the same time.

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Good floor coating extends maintenance intervals.


Keeping operations goingWhat actually do maintenance and servicing imply – Main-tenance involves all measures necessary for the purpose ofkeeping the car park in good condition or putting it back intothe condition necessary for operation. This can include briefdaily routine checks or large-scale inspection. Servicing in-cludes preventive measures as well as repair work.

As far as the building itself is concerned, the condition ofthe concrete and paintwork is of eminent importance. Walls,floors and ceilings must be regularly coated/painted and, ifnecessary, immediately repaired in conformity with the main-tenance schedule. Preventive maintenance signifies that thetechnical systems are in line with the legal provisions, in-spection guidelines and the supplier’s instructions. They mustbe regularly checked, cleaned and measured. Items such as

filters and bearings must also be replaced, if necessary. Theterm »repair« is understood to mean the remedy of a disrup-tion/fault established or notified.

Good planning and professional execution minimise thescope of maintenance required. A concept that meets stan-dards and planning requirements is, therefore, of great im-portance. It ensures the right structural layout, amply sizedbends, wide lanes and ramps, acceptable ramp slopes, gene-rously dimensioned parking spaces with no obstacles bet-ween them, and adequate ceiling heights – all serving to keepthe damage caused by cars to a minimum.

An example from the NetherlandsDamage caused by cracks in walls and floors, leaks in ex-pansion joints and water-resistant coatings often occur inmulti-storey and underground car parks in the Netherlands.Cracks in concrete supports are also noticed. Such damageis caused by wrong planning, errors in execution, or a com-bination of both. Repairs thus become unavoidable and ex-pensive – reason enough to make sure such faults simplydon’t occur. The draft standard NEN 2443 is designed to pre-vent the kind of damage described happening in the Net-herlands.

The following should be observed in connection with tech-nical car park equipment:1. Harmonise entrance and exit doors with function and

operating conditions.2. Harmonise pedestrian doors with function, operating con-

ditions and resistance to vandalism.3. Only install emergency power systems that are in line

with legal requirements. 4. Implement building management systems that allow for

registration and evaluation of faults.5. Vandalism-resistant, dust and watertight lighting sys-

tems.Good floor drainage as well as durable coatings and utilitiesare also important factors.

Warranty periods for the equipment installed must also betaken into consideration. Maintenance costs can be reducedby submitting justified claims in good time. > p. 14

cessary

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Good planning and professional accomplishment: generously dimensioned ramps with acceptable slopes save refurbishment costs later on.

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Lead Story


The multiyear maintenance scheduleThe compilation of a medium-term maintenance schedulerequires a number of activities. It must first of all be estab-lished what is to be included and who is responsible for thevarious measures contained in it – the operator or theowner? The nature of the maintenance and the amount ofdetail must also be defined and described. Existing mainten-ance contracts are collated for this purpose.

A note should also be made of the work the operator him-self is prepared to carry out and what he can do to keep theschedule up-to-date. The floor areas must be measured forthis purpose. The scope of marking work, wall surface areasand the number of lighting and technical systems must be de-termined.

Finally, the condition of the equipment must be ascertai-ned and the point of time determined when maintenancework is to be performed or equipment replaced. A methodof doing this in the Netherlands is the NEN 2767 standardwhich serves to measure the condition of buildings andequipment. Classification ranges from 1 = very good to 6 =very poor. The standard enables the technical quality ofbuildings and equipment to be established in detail. The re-sult is a condition report in which deficiencies are registe-red. Everything must be recorded in the schedule. Theresidual service life of the various replaceable parts rela-tive to usage, inspections carried out, replacement andlarge-scale maintenance must be established. The results

are also included in the schedule. Allowance must subse-quently be made for the financial aspects: the duration of theschedule, the condition in which the multi-storey or under-ground car park is to be at the end of the period, price levels,eventual inclusion of project costs and financing.

Project costs and financingFactors such as inflation, price increases and service life ofthe individual pieces of equipment must be included in thecalculations. This all enables the schedule to provide an over-view of the annual costs over the full planning period.

Quite a few operators put aside a certain sum each year tocover the cost of maintenance and servicing incurred. Anot-her possibility is to include the costs emanating from themaintenance schedule 1 for 1 in the annual managementcosts.

The chart below shows the curve for the maintenancecosts associated with an underground car park in Enschedecity centre. This car park has a capacity of 1.650 spaces andis of high quality. The chart also shows the annual mainten-ance costs per parking space necessary in order to keep thefacility in good condition. Additional large-scale work is alsorequired, for example, in recoating the floors. Operators arevery often not aware of the fact that a large sum is requiredeach year for this particular work.

After completion, the schedule must updated every oneto two years on the basis of reports on inspection, analysis

Van Heek underground car park in Enschede / Netherlands: forecasted future maintenance costs in € per parking space.

> p. 13

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Lead Story


and repairs. Experience gathered by operators and changescaused by inflation, price developments associated with ser-vices and products must also be taken into consideration. Astrong increase in the number of disruptions/faults in cer-tain systems can make earlier replacement necessary – orextend the service life through reduction in the number offaults.

Maintenance organisationMany people are unaware of the technical systems involvedin the operation of multi-storey and underground car parks.An example from the Netherlands: "

Various types of contract are available in cases where opera-tors do not carry out technical maintenance themselves butcommission outside companies to do the work: !

The question of which type or intermediate type of contractis selected (e.g. external hire, taking care of everything one-self, partial or full commissioning) depends on the way thefacility is managed. For example, a contract covering theonward transmission of a tele-service-system for the lift anda maintenance contract for the parking system is sufficientfor a multi-storey car park with just one entrance and exit,two pay machines and a lift. The operator or a local elec -trical firm can replace the defective lamps and check theemergency lighting. The storey, however, in connection with closed underground car parks is somewhat different.In this case, the authorised authorities must regularly checkwhether the facility still complies with the regulations. Theoperator has to ensure that the results of such checks areaddressed.

Gauging, reporting, knowledgeRegardless of whether an operator carries out maintenancehimself or farms it out, good reporting is essential. The com-pany responsible for maintenance must, therefore, be askedto submit a report together with an analysis defining thedisruptions/faults per system at the end of a maintenanceperiod (e.g. once a year). Such reporting also involves thesubmission of improvement suggestions in an effort to keep

costs as low as possible. For instance, it can be pointed outthat in certain areas the number of times preventativemaintenance is performed should be increased.

An example: by measuring the number of operatinghours of a ventilation system one can determine on the basisof the expected service life whether a part must be replacedafter 15 or 25 years. Either a direct or random check mustbe made to establish whether a company has carried outmaintenance in compliance with the contract. This is diffe-rent in the case of a performance contract. An inspection ofthe system’s actual condition by an independent organisa-tion is required to judge whether it complies with the con-tractually agreed condition. !"

Systems Maintenance Laws and regulations

Lifts Dependent on usage Law on lifts, annual inspection

Access systems, Dependent on usage and supplier Machine guidelinesfolding doors instructions, at least once a year P47/NEN EN 12543

Emergency lighting Checks required once ARBO law and NEN 1838or twice a year

Fire alarm system Checks/maintenance in NEN 2654-1, NEN 2654-3accordance with supplier’sinstructions

CO/LPG sensors Checks/maintenance inaccordance with supplier’sinstructions

Type of contract Description

Capacity contract Man for x hours

Firm contract Maintenance of facility x

Outcome contract Facility x is in condition y

Performance-related Facility x functions in conformitycontract Performance z from draft

(reliability, convenience, etc. )

Outsourcing ownership Here responsibility and ownership are taken over; owner facility x provides function with achievement requirement z

> p. 14


ZusammenfassungDie Unterhaltung und Instandhaltung stellen in jederAutoparkanlage einen beträchtlichen Kostenfaktordar. Wenn diese auf einem Minimum gehalten wer-den sollen, ist eine sorgfältige Prüfung im Planungs-und Baustadium von großer Wichtigkeit. In dieserPhase sollte der Betreiber eine führende Rolle spie-len. Andererseits ist der Betreiber in der Planungs-und Bauphase oft noch gar nicht bekannt. Eine indiesem Fall zur Verfügung stehende Möglichkeit istdie Einstellung eines Fachmanns mit Praxiserfahrungzur Leitung des Betriebs und Managements. Ebensolohnenswert ist das frühe Hinzuziehen von Beratern,die sich mit der Vorausberechnung von Parkhäusernauskennen und ein offenes Ohr für das Thema Be-triebskostenoptimierung haben. Spätestens bei derInbetriebnahme der Anlage sollte ein mehrjährigerUnterhaltsplan vorliegen, um die ordnungsgemäßeUnterhaltung und Instandhaltung entweder selbstauszuführen oder von einer Fremdfirma vornehmenzu lassen. Diese Vorgehensweise kann nicht nur beider Kostendeckelung helfen, sondern sorgt gleichzei-tig auch noch für größtmögliche Betriebs- und Aus-fallsicherheit.

RécapitulationL’entretien et les services sont un facteur de coûtsassez importants dans la gestion des parcs de sta -tionnement. Une grande vigilance est de rigueur pendant la phase de planification et la constructionpour maintenir ces coûts au plus bas. Il revient à l’exploitant un rôle majeur pendant cette phase. Or, ce dernier est encore souvent inconnu pendant laplanification et la construction. L’une des optionsdans ce cas est d'engager un expert dote d’une ex -périence pratique pour prendre en charge le fonction-nement et la gestion. Il est aussi précieux de faireappel de bonne heure à des consultants ayant l’expé-rience de la conception de parcs de stationnement àétages et également préparés à se pencher sur laquestion de l’optimisation des coûts d’entretien. Unprogramme d’entretien pluriannuel doit avoir été misen place au plus tard au moment de la mise en ser-vice du parc pour que l’entretien et les réparationssoient effectués correctement ou bien pour qu'ils soi-ent effectués par une société externe. En adoptantcette approche, on peut ainsi limiter les coûts tout enassurant un maximum de fiabilité et de sécurité defonctionnement.

RecapitulaciónEl mantenimiento y la asistencia son un gasto mensurable en la explotación de aparcamientos de coches. Actuar con el debido cuidado en la fase de planificación y durante la construcción, es de gran importancia para mantener los costes al mínimo. La explotadora juega el papel más impor-tante durante esta fase. Por el otro lado, la explota-dora, frecuentemente es desconocida durante laplanificación y las obras. Una de las opciones aquí,es que un experto con experiencia práctica se encar-gue del funcionamiento y la gestión. También es muy útil disponer pronto de consultores, que tenganexperiencia en proyectar aparcamientos de variasplantas y que también estén preparados para optimi-zar los gastos de mantenimiento. Se debería estable-cer un esquema de mantenimiento de varios años, lo más tarde cuando sea puesta en funcionamiento la instalación, para así realizar correctamente repa -raciones o hacerlas realizar por una empresa externa.Pueden limitarse los gastos, adoptando este es-quema, logrando al mismo tiempo la máxima confia-bilidad y seguridad operativa.

Trouble-free operation: all systems installed must be incorporated in a long-term maintenance schedule and checked accordingly. Photo: OPG Parking

Best Practice


Top 10 architecturally impressive car parks

Spectacular parking from undergro Parking garages and car parks are often just buildings. But not in any case: There are also examplesin this special area of architecture. Parking trend international presents ten of the most spectacular parking facilities worldwide.

Car Silos at the Autostadt [Wolfsburg, Germany]

Volkswagen’s Autostadt – an auto -motive-themed amusement park – includes a car museum, driving cour-ses, car-factory tours and these 20-story car silos. European VW buyerscan opt to pick up their cars from therobotic car silo instead of the dealer-ship – the automation ensures they will receive a car with an odometer that reads zero. After spending a dayenjoying the park, customers watch the central robotic arm travel up thetower and choose their vehicle from the beehive of cars. !

Marina City [Chicago, USA]Completed in 1964, these identical towers were designed as asmall town square in the heart of the city – originally the com-plex included a concert hall, retail stores, a skating rink andbowling alleys. Parking for the structure is likewise self-con -tained: The lower third of the 65-story towers is a continuousup-spiral parking garage with space for 896 vehicles each. The garage was made famous in the 1979 feature film »TheHunter«, in which Steve McQueen, playing a bounty hunter, is involved in a high-speed car chase up one of the parkingspirals. At the top, McQueen's target loses control of a 1980Pontiac, careens out of the building and plunges into theChicago River below. !

Hochalpen-Parkhaus [Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe, Austria]The Großglockner at 3.798 m is Austria’s highest mountain. The Hochalpentoll road, just opposite, was officially opened on the 3rd of August 1935.The number of visitors exceeded expectations right from the start. The eco-nomic boom in the 1950s, following World War 2, meant that a large part ofthe population could afford the luxury of a car, making the trip to the moun-tains a mass phenomenon. The journey, not more than a daytrip even fromVienna 400 km away, became a kind of pilgrimage with stickers as a remin-der decorating literally hundreds of thousands of cars.

In 1964, a multi-storey car park – can be reachedvia a by-road – was opened on the Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe and is still the highest lying structureof its kind in the world. The alpine parking facilityaccommodates 900 cars. It is pictured in old bro-chures together with the Pasterze glacier butmasked out nowadays, somewhat embarras-singly, because conservationists take a bit of adim view of people driving cars in the mountainregions. !

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Opposite the Groß -glockner: the highest lyingmulti-storey car park in the world on the Kaiser-Franz-Josefs-Höhe in theAustrian Alps.

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Feature film setting: A high-speed car chase in »The Hunter« with Steve McQueen tookplace in the Marina City parking garages.

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Best Practice


und to the Alps

Parc des Célestins [Lyon, France]Since the 1990s Lyon has been hiding thousands of cars under its nume-rous squares and riverside roads (embankments). One of the more than20 underground car parks is quite magnificent: the Parc des Celestinswith 435 parking spaces. A straight ramp leads from the narrow streetunder the Place des Celestins. Here is the front end of a large subterra-nean chamber with a circular floor plan: the car is driven on a spiraldriveway 22 m under the city. The radius of the chamber is dimensionedsuch that the driveway and the diagonal parking spaces are located on

both sides. The first of a total of three concen-tric concrete cylinders is located on the

periphery (53 m in diameter). A se-cond, centre cylinder, separates the

parking ramp from the exit rampwhich winds upwards in the op-posite direction. The third, innercylinder, is located behind it.

The orchestration of light and sha-dow on the surfaces, the views

framed by overlapping arches and thespiral-shaped slope of the ramps between

the concentric supporting structural elements isall very impressive. The inner cylinder creates a seven-storey hollowstructure split up into 14 segments in the floor plan – each consisting of apre-cast concrete slab with an arch at its centre. !

The Parkhaus Engelenschanze is more of a parking palace than a parking garage.People tend to feel vulnerable in parkinggarages, so an effort to incorporate lightand open spaces is ideal. The multi-storeycar park with 480 spaces on 7 levels is astand alone just off the city centre near therailway station. The car park with its glassfaçade all around the corner is an eye cat-cher in the city environment. Inside, the carpark has a system of ramped parking floorsaround an empty space in the middle. This empty space and the outside glass

facade provide during daytime sufficientlight to achieve required lighting levels at the parking floors. The empty space also avoids mechanical ventilation systems. The floors of the car park are coated inlight grey colour with simple indication of parking bays. Also the walls and cei -lings are kept in light colours. The projectis a good example of a relatively simpleand efficiently built car park. From the EUR 8.4 million project EUR 3.5 millionwas subsidised by the town’s »redemp-tion fund«. No wonder, that the Engelen-

schanze in Münster, Westphalia/Germany,was winner of the European Parking Awardin the category »best newly built car park«in 2005. !

Photo: www.mimoa.eu

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Underground parking, Hotel Puerta America [Madrid, Spain]

5-Star Hotel Puerta America is a celebration of avant-gardeinterior design and architecture, it brings together 19 of theworld's finest designers. Each of the twelve floors bearsthe imprint of a different talent and measures 1300 m2. Teresa Sapey designed the interior of the car park. Whenasked about her commission (the design of the car park),she observes that she has always been drawn to hideawaysand thinks that car parks harbour this element of the un-known. For Sapey, it is the ideal place to reinvent space andplay with lighting to create a different atmosphere to that ofthe sordid and grey places that car parks are more oftenthan not. !

Winner of the EPA Award 2005: the Parkhaus Engelenschanze in Münster, Germany.

Parkhaus Engelenschanze [Münster, Germany ]

Different atmosphere: parking place of the Hotel Puerta AmericaPh

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Photo: Institut Feuerverzinken


Best Practice

Fietsenstalling in Amsterdam: parking space above the water for 2,500 bicycles

> p. 19

Autorimessa Comunale [Venice, Italy]

Tourists who arrive at Venice by car will get either to Piazzale Roma or to the Tronchetto Island where they can find big parking lots. For friends of high-class architecture more interesting is the Autorimessa Comunale at the Piazzale Roma. The white-painted Art-Déco object with its characte-ristic window belts consists of two nearly symmetric buildings. The shiftedcar decks are connected with spiral ramps. The bright ambience is due to overhead lights. At the same time they enclose a vaulted parking areabelow. !

Fietsenstalling [Amsterdam, the Netherlands]A bike is shorter and slimmer than a car. The design of the building – lo-cated not far from the main railway station in Amsterdam and accommo-

dating 2500 bikes – certainly takes this fact into account. TheFietsenstalling is intended to clear the railway station forecourt of the

bikes parked at random there. Measuring 105 x 13.4 m, the bike park is very much of linear design, divided into two decks running parallel to

the quay and positioned the above the water. The outer decks slope in theopposite direction. Next to the main bridge the building is of two-storeydesign and four-storey for cyclists next to the small bridge. 13 concretecross beams span the columns located in the canal basin and on which

the whole of the structure rests. Each deck consists of 12 self-supportingcassettes (8.2 m long, 6 m wide and 0.5 m high) and two similar 3.3 m

projecting cassettes at both ends. Red asphalt – used on all Amsterdam’scycling paths - has also been used for the deck surfaces. !

Parking highlight in Venice: attractive reminiscence of Art-Déco

Bosch Parkhaus [Stuttgart, Germany]

The multi-storey car parks P20 and P21 at the »Neue Messe Stuttgart« thrust out liketwo giant fingers over the A8 motorway. Five storeys accommodate 4.200 cars. Of the440 m long, 100 m wide and 22 m high structure 100 m are located, unsupported, at a height of 10 m above the motorway. The parking spaces are used both by visitors to the exhibition grounds as well as people using the neighbouring Stuttgart airport. Not only the design of the structure is spectacular but erection was too. In an attemptto avoid obstructing the motorway the car park was literally pushed over it with the traffic flowing below. A photovoltaic system has recently been installed on both roofs of the carpark. Over 4000 solar modules arranged on 7.000 m2 of roof surface annually produce approx. 800.000 kW/h of »green« electricity; sufficient to provide electricity for up to 300four-person households. !

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As you sift through your pockets looking for change topay the parking meter these days, stop and take a mo-

ment to wish it a happy birthday. It is 75 years ago that thefirst parking meter was installed. CNN online calls it »coin-gulping contraption« and »despised«. However, the first 150of them were put in place in downtown Oklahoma City, Okla-homa, on July 16, 1935.

Concerned that parked cars – that sometimes never movedfor weeks – were hurting downtown businesses, city officialswere eager for a solution, according to the Oklahoma Histo-rical Society. The inventor and designer was probably CarlMagee, who applied for a patent of a »coin controlled par-king meter« some weeks before. Not surprisingly Mageepracticed two of – what polls have consistently found to be –America's most despised professions: law and journalism.

Increasing profit A case contesting the legality of meters was quickly settledin the city's favor, wrote Michael Dean of the Oklahoma His-torical Society. Stores on city blocks with meters saw an in-crease in business and profit. And soon every block wantedsome. By 1941, 140,000 were in use, the Smithsonian Maga-zine wrote. Today, the number is in the millions in the UnitedStates alone. The first parking meter in Europe was installedin Basel, Switzerland.

Magee left his job as editor of a daily newspaper andstarted a parking meter company. The design of the devicehas remained largely unchanged over time. !"

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meterwas installed in 1935

75 years ago: According to CNN the first parkingmeter was ins -

talled in Okla-homa City, USA.

Photo: Shutterstock

Cantilevered: More than 4,000 cars can park right above the Autobahnin Stuttgart.

Avenue de Chartres [Chichester, United Kingdom]Chichester is a walled town dating from the middle ages and located close to the English south coast. TheAvenue de Chartres multi-storey car park modernises the history of Chichester with a new-styled town wall. The car park is designed to serve as a public building accommodating private cars and, as such, convince thepedestrian of the advantages of driving a car. In otherwords, the motorist can easily find his or her way out and have no difficulty in finding the car later on. The buil-ding comprises a winding town wall linking a bus stationwith the city centre and a triple-storey car park. The latterin cludes standardised park decks made of pre-cast con-crete components extending out behind the wall in agentle arc. The tapering footpaths provide the motoristwith a connection to the wall. Each of the four footpaths is colour-coded to remind the driver of his parking space.The colour of the aisles can be seen on the spiral-shaped faces of the glass bricks on the towers. !

Connecting parking withlocal history:

car park »Avenue des

Chartres«in Chichester

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Photo: www.birdsportchmouthrussum.com


The STC will have had 5meetings to conclude thefirst phase of the develop-ment of the Scientific Pro-gramme for the Congress,and the results to date arevery promising.

The meetings are a cre-scendo. The experts kindly accepted our invitation topar ticipate on this commit-tee, many of them very curiosabout dedicating so muchtime and effort to discuss par-king. Today this is an ent -hu siastic group that has dis - covered the potential of ma-naged parking as an integralpart of the urban mobilitychain and the enormous po-tential in considering parkingstructures as urban mobilityinfrastructures and possibleways of transforming a hugeproblem into a huge opportu-nity. The layout of the scienti-

fic programme will be estab-lished on the 10th Septemberand then presented at theE.P.A. General Assembly inLiverpool. The four macrothemes are:Perception Improving theimage of the parking industryamongst the stakeholders(operators, decision makers,users, retail associations) andsetting up an agenda for thefuture of parking policies.Innovation The themes are di-rectly related to all the play-ers in the field: the future ofthe vehicles and the changingrequirements on the parkingoffer, sustainable parking con-struction and transformation,car parking and electric mobi-lity, connecting to mobilityinfo systems and new ser-vices, energy suppliers andcar designers and updatingparking norms.

Management The way citieswill be accessed in the futurewill change and parking, thatis a management activity, can have an important role.The indications on how totransform the parking in -frastruc ture to a mobility in -fras tructure, the role of theoperator and his parkingstructure and the macro ma-nagement of the area wherethe parking garage is positio-ned, the role of the local aut-horities, innovative servicesfor the future and how to ma-nage new opportunities foroperators of all sizes.Economics on an urban scale,the cost of congestion andthe parking contribution, aparking business model foron-street and off-street par-king to illustrate what goesinto managing parking andthe huge costs involved, new

SummaryThe Torino Congress OrganizingComm ittee has set up an interdis-ciplinary Sci entific and TechnicalCommittee (STC) to prepare theScientific Programme of the Congress: Parking: the new deal.Everybody related to E.P.A. under-stands the importance of Parkingand that it is undoubtedly an inte-gral part of the urban mobility system, but many institutions andstakeholders have not yet reachedthis conclusion. The STC is ahighly qualified interdisciplinarygroup looking at parking from manyprofessional viewpoints in order to create a wider communicationsplatform. The results have been very exciting: the parking industryand its important contri bution forthe future functioning of the Euro-pean cities has been discussed overthe last six months by 21 top levelexperts with a range of 15 differentdisciplines, 5 universities, 3 natio-nal institutions, motor car produ-cers, parking operators, designers,from 6 different European countries(France, Germany, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands and the UnitedKingdom). SiTI (Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innova-tion), a non-profit Association setup in Torino in 2002, is giving hos-pitality and the logistic support forthe meetings.

15th E.P.A. Congress: Torino, September 2011

The scientific preparation

The opening meeting of the Scientific & Technical Committee in Torino, January 2010:

News


parking products and bene-fits, cost saving and growingmarkets, pricing as a tool,benchmarking of parkingfees at EU level, a criticallook at tariffs and taxes. Inorder to support the abovementioned themes, scientificresearch programmes will

be carried out in the next 6months.Congress Output The resultsof the congress proceedingswill be turned into a positionpaper that will be presentedto the EU Transport Commis-sion as a white paper on par-king in European cities. The

purpose being to envision therole of parking in the urbanmobility of the future andcapture the attention ofpeople that are into mobilitybut not into parking, illustra-ting how to use parking as aregulatory tool for sustainablemobility and accessi bility so-

lutions for people who live incity centres, reinforcing thelink between town and mobi-lity planning, urban quality &parking. The next issues ofParking Trend and e-mailnewsletters will keep you up-dated with the developmentof Congress preparations. !

... of the Scientific & Technical CommitteeLaurence A. Bannerman, Bernd Beer, Roberto Bertasio,Mario Carrara, Piero Craveri, Antonio Gennari, Jacques Le-gaignoux, Nick Lester, Giuseppe Mancini, Massimo Mar-ciani, Peter Martens, Marco Mauro, Giuliano Mingardo,Antonio Musso, Angelo Patrizio, Francesc Robusté, AntoniRoig Alegre, Andrea Roli, Andrea Rosa, Riccardo Roscelli,Gerhard Trost-Heutmekers.

COMPOSITION...

Visit the congress website for more details:!www.epacongress.eu

ZusammenfassungDas Organisationskomitee des Turiner Kongresses»Parken: der neue Deal« hat zur Vorbereitung desdiesbezüglichen wissenschaftlichen Programms eineninterdisziplinär wissenschaftlich-technischen Aus-schuss namens STC (Scientific and Technical Com-mittee) ins Leben gerufen. Allen mit der EPA befasstenPersonenkreisen ist klar, wie wichtig das Parken istund wie zweifellos es einen integralen Be standteil urbaner Mobilitätssysteme darstellt, doch diese Er-kenntnis lässt bei vielen Institutionen und Interes - sengruppen noch auf sich warten. Der STC ist eineinterdisziplinäre Gruppe hoch qualifizierter Fachleute,die zur Bereitstellung einer breiteren Kommunikati-onsplattform das Thema Parken aus verschiedenenprofessionellen Blickwinkeln beleuchtet. Die Ergeb-nisse sind ausgesprochen spannend: in den letztensechs Monaten ist die KFZ-Parkindustrie und derenmaßgeblicher Beitrag zur zukünftigen Fun ktionsfä hig -keit europäischer Städte von 21 führenden Expertenaus 15 verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen, 5 Universitätenund 3 nationalen Institutionen in sechs europäischenLändern (Frankreich, Deutschland, Italien, Spanien ,Holland und Großbritannien), darunter Autohersteller,Parkhausbetreiber und Designer, diskutiert worden.Das 2002 in Turin gegründete SiTI-Institut (etwa: Höheres Institut für innovative Flächennutzungspla-nung) sorgt bei den Zusammenkünften für die erfor-derliche logistische Unterstützung und Bewirtung.

RécapitulationLe comité d’organisation des congrès de Turin a mis en place une commission scientifique et techni-que interdisciplinaire (STC) chargée de préparer leprogramme scientifique du congrès »Stationner: lanouvelle donne«. Tous ceux qui sont en rapport avec l'E.P.A. sont conscients de l'importance du stationnement et qu'il fait incontestablement partieintégrante du système de mobilité urbaine, maisbeaucoup d’institutions et d’acteurs ne sont pas encore parvenus à cette conclusion. Le STC est ungroupe interdisciplinaire hautement qualifié qui considère le stationnement d’un point de vue inter-professionnel dans le but de créer une plus largeplateforme de communication. Ses résultats sonttrès intéressants : l’industrie du stationnement et sonimportante contribution au fonctionnement futur desvilles européennes y a été discuté pendant les sixderniers mois par 21 top experts représentant quinzedisciplines différentes, cinq universités, trois institu-tions nationales, des constructeurs automobiles, desexploitants de parkings, des dessinateurs, en pro-venance de six pays européens (France, Allemagne,Italie, Espagne, Pays-Bas et Royaume Uni). Le SiTI(Higher Institute on Territorial Systems for Innova-tion), association sans but lucratif fondée à Turin en2002, héberge les réunions et leur apporte un sou-tien logistique.

RecapitulaciónEl Comité Organizativo del Congreso de Turín, esta-bleció un Comité interdisciplinario científico ytécnico (STC) para preparar el programa científicodel Congreso, »Aparcamiento, el nuevo trato«. Todapersona relacionada con E.P.A. comprende la impor-tancia del parking y que es indudablemente unaparte integral del sistema de movilidad urbana, peromuchas instituciones y partes interesadas aún nohan llegado tan lejos. STC es un grupo interdiscipli-nario altamente cualificado, que considera el aparca-miento desde numerosos puntos de vistaprofesionales para crear una plataforma de comuni-caciones más amplia. Los resultados han sido muyesperanzadores: La industria de los aparcamientos y su importante contribución en el funcionamientofuturo de las urbes europeas ha sido tema de discu-sión durante los últimos 6 meses por 21 expertos de máximo nivel, con una gama de 15 disciplinasdiferentes, 5 universidades, 3 instituciones naciona-les, fabricantes de coches a motor, operadoras deparkings y diseñadores provenientes de 6 países eu-ropeos diferentes (Francia, Alemania, Italia, España,Países Bajos y Reino Unido). SiTI (Instituto superiorde sistemas territoriales para la innovación) es unaasociación sin ánimo de lucro, instalada en Turín en2002, que acoge y proporciona ayuda logística a lasreuniones.

The Committee visited by the President of AIPARK

From 20th to 22nd of Octoberthe 3rd Iberian Seminar willtake place in Albufeira, Al-garve – is a result from a jointinitiative of the Portugueseand Spanish parking associa-tions in this area.

This is already the third initia-tive of this kind. It began inOporto in 2006 and was fol -lowed by Saragoza in 2008, allowing the associates, thepeople responsible for ur -ban management and otherguests to share experience,which is important for bothcountries and mutually bene-fiting from the paths and evo-lutions that are exclusive ofeach region.

After the first seminar, itshuge advantage became al-ready obvious, as it allowed,together with a larger experi-ences sharing, to know the dis-tinct basis and legal prac ticesof parking management andthe different ways of realiza-tion and implementation inthe neighboured countries. Inspite of their enormous diffe-rences, in parking sector deve-lopment, Spain and Portugalhave a common path and a si-milar legislative basis. And itis very interesting to observeand register the differentways of realizing the recog -nized need of parking man -agement as a fundamental

element to promote the qua-lity of urban mobility.

Natural approachingBeing aware of this reality, itwas possible, through the natural approaching of themanagement of both asso -ciations, to get to the joint ac complishment of the firsttwo Iberian Seminars, fol -lowed by their »Hermana-miento« (Brotherhood) in2009 – and already as a natu-ral result of this joint effortthis third Albufeira Seminar.The choice of a touristic towncorresponds to one of the wor-ries of this Seminar: the cros-sing from the big lines ofurban parking to the specifiesthat make each town a pro-blem and a different chal-lenge.

This richness of situations,that consequently demandsinnovating and creative solu-tions, is one of today’s urbanmanagement rea lities. Albu-feira has a very specific set ofprob lems, com mon to all thiskind of towns, which is astrong seasonal demand, con-centrated in one third of theyear. This particularly makes

the viability of the parking in-frastructures associated to biginvestments difficult. All thesame, the on-street manage-ment can and perhaps musthave demands and explorationmodels totally different accor-ding to the time of the year.

Parking and urbanismThe proposed themes for theSeminar are centered in thealways present relation bet-ween parking and urbanismand in the technological evo-lutions that are getting closerand of which we underlinethe electrical cars and theways of payment. In all the re-ferred aspects there is no fun-damental disagreement in thepriorities and ways of ap-proaching of the parking pro-blems of both countries, forwhich reason we are convin-ced that, once again, this Se-minar will be a success fromthe technical point of view, to-

gether with a pleasant frater-nization moment among allthe agents of our business.

I cannot forget referringthe enormous honor and im-portance that will be for usthe presence of all those inte-rested from all over, who wishto know the specific proble-matic of the parking businessin the Iberian Peninsula and,simultaneously, to spend afew days in nice company in a high quality touristic com-plex in one of the most beau-tiful Portuguese areas. !

!www.iparkseminar.com

Antonio Cidade MouraPresident ANEPE (Associação Nacional de Empresas de Parques de Estacionamento – PortugueseParking Association)

3rd Iberian Seminar

Common path of Spain and Portugal

News

Lagos Beach: a typical scenery of the famous Portuguese AlgarvePhoto: Joao Paulo

News


EPA Awards 2011 – Rules and RegulationsThe European Parking Awardhas been established by theEuropean Parking Association(EPA) as a biennial award forexcellence in parking. A prizecan be awarded in each of thefollowing four categories !Category 1Any newly built car park!Category 2Any renovated car park!Category 3On-street parking projects!Category 4An innovative scheme in any aspect of parkingIn addition, there will be anadditional discretionary jud-ges award if an entrant is con-sidered of particular merit.

The objective of the awardsis to promote qualitative im-provements in public car par-

king both on and off street. In particular, the awards seekto promote improvements inuser friendliness, construc -tion, mainte nance, manage-ment, design and safety. Theawards also promote the de -velopment of good workingpractices in on-street parking.Publicity for the awards willalso improve the image of theparking sector. The awardswill be presented during theEPA Congress in Torino 14-16September, 2011.

Conditions of EntryGeneral Criteria All entries must be submittedto arrive at the EPA office nolater than 1st January 2011.

A selection panel consis-ting of members of the EPA

board together with membersof the jury will shortlist up to3 entries in each category.

Entries must be madeusing the entry form provi-ded by the EPA secretariat.

Entrants may submit anynumber of entries but eachentry must use a separateform.

An entry fee of EUR 750 ispayable for each entry by 1stJanuary 2011.

Entries must relate to pro-jects which have been ope-ned, re-opened or introducedlater than 1st January 2009.Each entry must be represen-ted at the EPA Congress inTorino.

The EPA will have the un-fettered right to use the ma-terial provided for each entry.

Category 1 – New Parking StructuresEntries must relate to a newpublic parking structure. Acar park is considered to bepublic if any motorist can usethe facility.

Category 2 –Renovated StructureEntries must relate to a carpark, where the main physi-cal structure of the old car-park must be maintained andincluded in the new project,and the original car parkmust be at least 10 years old.The assessment will be li -mited to and based on thequality and success of the re-novation project rather thanan assessment of the reno-vated car park. > p. 26


Category 3 – On-street parking projectsAny on street parking pro-ject or innovation, specifi-cally related to on-streetparking, is eligible. If an en-trant’s project addressesonly one, or a few aspects ofthe total process of streetparking, entrants shouldcomplete their assessmentforms accordingly writing»not applicable« for any partof the form that is not rele-vant to their entry.

Category 4 –An innovative scheme in any aspect of parkingEntries in this category canbe anything not covered bythe other categories wherethe product or scheme is in-novative and contributes tothe enhancement of the pro-

cess of parking. Entries inthis category are not limitedand could include new tech-nology or a new way of deli-vering parking services forexample, related to built carpark facilities. To be accep-ted the entered system mustbe fully and successfully im-plemented and working in atleast one location.

N.B. Entries cannot bemade for the judge’s award.Any of the entries can be se-lected for the judge’s award.

Material that should be deliveredAnyone wishing to enter thecompetition must provide thefollowing documents:

Entry Form The entry form is attached onpage 33 or can be downloadedfrom the public area of the EPAweb site (!www.europeanpar-

king.eu). Each entry must beaccompanied by the fullentry fee of EUR 750 perentry.

Assessment formThe applicant should fillin all relevant informa-tion in column B of the

assessment form, not ex-ceeding the limits given forthe number of words allowed.There is one assessment formfor each category which canbe obtained by email fromthe EPA secretariat or can bedownloaded from!www.europeanparking.eu

AttachmentsIf the entry is in category 3 or4 containing supporting tech-nical reports, the form shouldinclude an abstract summaryof the arguments, sufficientfor the board/jury to assessthe entry. Reports could beattached for in depth jud-ging, but attachments shouldnot be necessary to assess theentry.

Power-Point PresentationIn addition to the completedassessment form, the appli-cant should deliver a Power-Point presentation with themaximum of 10 A4 size pa -

ges/slides, suited for bothprinting/copying, and as a con-tinuous presentation, in theexhi bition, during the EPA-congress. The Power Point pre-sentation should not exceedthe size of 10 Megabyte. Thebottom of each page mustcontain the project name.

MediaAssessment form, attach-ments and PowerPoint presen-tations should be deli veredboth as printed copy (sizeA4), and as files on a stan-dard CD. Photographs used inthe presentation must have aresolution of at least 300 dpito be of good enough qualityto be printed in ParkingTrend Magazine.

Presentation PanelsFollowing a preliminary as-sessment of the entries by theselection panel; shortlistedentries will be required toprovide display panels for useat the EPA congress. Eachentry must be accompaniedby one presentation panel inEnglish which will be exhibi-ted during the EPA Congressin Turin.

The presentation shouldconsist of a short descriptionand pictures of the project.

> p. 25


The red carpet is laid out –in Torino 2011

Phot

o: R

ainer

Stu

rm /

PIXE

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An extra set of photographsused on the panels must beprovided for use in ParkingTrend magazine and for inclu-sion in the presentation of allshortlisted entries at the EPACongress. Presentation pa-nels must measure 50 x 70 cm(width/ height) with roundedcorners and be a minimum of5 mm thick. The maximumweight per panel should notexceed 0.5kg.

A 5 mm diameter hole,20mm from each side at eachcorner must be drilled atevery corner.

The presentation panelmust have a flat, white back-ground. Lettering in relief orthree dimensional images arenot acceptable. Only one sideof each panel may be used. Atthe bottom of each panel a 2mm thick line should bedrawn, 50 mm from the bot-tom and terminating 50mmfrom each side. The followinginformation set in Helveticabold 16 pt uppercase typeshould appear below this line: ! project name ! location ! date of project opening ! name of entrant ! relationship to the entry

(eg developer, owner, inves-tor, architect, designer)

The name and address of theentrant should be clearly le-gible on the back of eachpanel. The panels must be de-livered by the shortlisted en-trants no later than 15/8/2011to the congress venue (ad-dress will be distributed byEPA office in due course.)

Judging:The EPA board will appoint ajury of five members inclu-ding a Chairman from diffe-rent countries to assess theshortlisted entries. Any mem-ber of the jury will be exclu-ded from judging any entrysubmitted by any organisa-tion that they have a commer-cial interest in.

The selection panel will se-lect a maximum of three pro-jects from each category. Theselection panel will consist ofmembers of the board andmembers of the jury.

Before shortlisting, the se-lection panel is entitled toreclassify entries if neces-sary or decide not to selectany projects for a particularcategory if the quality is notconsidered acceptable. En-trants will be notified aftershort listing if shortlisted.Neither the EPA board northe Jury will enter into any

discussion about the awards.Any attempt to influence thedecisions will result in disqua-lification.The Jury will decideon the winning entries by visi-ting the nominated projects.Each visit will be made by ap-pointment with the entrants.The general form of the visitwill be:! 15 minutes presentation by

the entrants.! 30 minutes inspection/con-

sideration by the judgeswithout the entrants beingpresent. For categories 3and 4 this may be replacedby a guided visit and/or de-monstration.

! 15 minutes questions bythe judges.

The recommendation of thejudging panel is final, onlythe President of the Boardwill be informed. Having in-formed the President, theidentity of the winners shallbe kept secret until theAward Ceremony.

Awards The winners will be awardedand presented by the Presi-dent of EPA and the Chair-man of the Jury jointly.

All short listed nomineeswill receive a certificate ofnomination.

All short listed nominees willbe presented in a five minu-tes presentation in the EPACongress programme. All par-ticipants will be mentioned inthe Award presentation at theEPA Congress.

All participants will bementioned in Parking TrendInternational Magazine. Therewill be an extensive publica-tion of the results of the com-petition on the EPA-website!www.europeanparking.eu

Each shortlisted entrant willbe required to attend theEPA Congress and to make afive minute presentation du-ring the Congress procee-dings. The winners will beannounced at the EPA Con-gress dinner.

Assessment Criteria: The judging criteria for eachcategory are listed in the re-levant Assessment Forms. !

For further information, please contact: European Parking Association; Richartzstraße 10; D-50667 Köln Tel +49 (0) 221 257 1018 Fax +49 (0) 221 257 1019 [email protected]


News

European Parking Award 2011Entry Form

Type of project: new: renovated: on-street: innovative:

Project name

Project address

Date of opening/reopening Number of parking spaces*

Short description of project*

Assessment form filled in and attached (compulsory)*: yes/no

Application is submitted by manager/operator/owner/investor *

Name*

Street address*

Postal code and town*

Phone* Fax* E-mail*

The undersigned hereby declares that he/she will deliver the competition material in accordance with the instructions given by the EPA and pay the entry fee. He/she further accepts complete responsibility for the delivery and the return of the competition material and will not hold the EPA and its employees liable for any damage or loss thereof. The undersigned agrees to allow information concerning their project to be published in Parking trend international magazine and on EPA’s website, if applicable without claiming royalties on any of the illustrative material that he/she has made available. In such a case he/she indemnifies the EPA against all copyright claims.

Date Signature

[please use a separate form for each project submitted]Send to European Parking Association, Richartzstraße 10, D-50667 Köln

Fax: +49 (0) 221 257 10 19 or email: [email protected]

News

EPA members

Current contact detailsAUSTRIA Wirtschaftskammer Österreich, Fachverband d. Garagen-, Tankstellen u. Servicestationsunt.Alexander Piekniczek Wiedner Hauptstr. 63 A- 1045 Wien Phone: +43 5 909003252 Fax: +43 5 90900282 [email protected]!www.wko.at/tankstellen

BELGIUM Federation des Parkings deBelgique a.s.b.l. J.M. Cordier Rue de l'Evêque 1 B- 1000 Bruxelles Phone: +32 2 5495860 Fax: +32 2 5140936 [email protected]!www.fedparkbel.be

CROATIA Croation Parking Association Mate Kraljevic Ilica 45 HR- 10000 Zagreb Phone: +385 1 4816025 Fax: +385 1 [email protected]!www.cpa.hr

CYPRUSVert & Blanc Car ParksGeorge Hadjigeorgiou 199 Chr. Haggipavlou Ave.CY- 3302 Limassol/CyprusPhone: +357 25 34 19 91 Fax: +357 25 34 19 [email protected] !www.vertetblanc.com.cy

FINLAND Finnish Parking AssociationSebastian Koreneff Simonkatu 2 A (Forum) FIN- 100 Helsinki Phone: +358 9 6947500 Fax: +358 9 [email protected] !www.bk-group.com

FRANCE Federation Nationale desMetiers du Stationnement Marc Gendrot 18, avenue des Champs Elysees F- 75008 Paris Phone: +33 1 42255537 Fax: +33 1 49539713 [email protected] !www.parkopolis.com

GERMANYBundesverband Parken e. V.Gerhard Trost-HeutmekersRichartzstraße 10 D- 50667 Köln Phone: +49 221 2571016 Fax: +49 221 2571019 [email protected] !www.parken.de

GREAT BRITAINBritish Parking AssociationJane Hack Stuart House, 41-43 Perrymount Road GB- Haywards Heath RH163BN West Sussex Phone: +44 1444 447 300Fax: +44 1444 [email protected] !www.britishparking.co.uk

HUNGARYHUNGAROPARK József Tóth P.O.B. 1766 H-1465 Budapest Phone: +36 1 302 2392 Fax: +36 1 266 [email protected] !www.hungaropark.hu

IRELAND The Irish Parking Association Keith Gavin Unit 3, Borrowside BusinessPark Sleaty Road Carlow Phone: +353 59 9136886 Fax: +353 59 [email protected]!www.parkingireland.ie

ITALY AIPARKLaurence A. BannermanCorso Giuseppe Garibaldi, 7I- 00039 Zagarolo (RM) Phone: +39 06 9576245 Fax: +39 06 9524198 [email protected] !www.aipark.org

LUXEMBOURG VINCI PARKGerard Jeitz 83 rue de Strasbourg L- 2651 Luxembourg Phone: +352 481336 Fax: +352 [email protected] !www.vincipark.lu

THE NETHERLANDSVEXPAN Annemarie Philipsen Gooimeer 4-15 1411 DC Naarden Phone: +31 35 6943245 Fax: +31 35 [email protected] !www.vexpan.nl

NORWAY NORPARK Egil Ostvik Nedre Slottsgate 8 N- 157 Oslo Phone: +47 22421307 Fax: +47 22335238 [email protected]!www.norpark.no

PORTUGAL ANEPE Antonio Cidade Moura Rua S. José no 35 D P- 1150-321 Lisboa Phone: +351 21 3244112 Fax: +351 21 [email protected] !www.anepe.pt

SLOVAK REPUBLIKSlovak Parking AssociationMilan Taska Kosická 2 SK- 01001 Zilina Phone: +421 910 276 [email protected] !www.spa-parking.sk

SPAINASESGA Amparo Revuelta Plaza de Santo Domingo 1, 1A ES- 28013 Madrid Phone: +34 91 5480416 Fax: +34 91 [email protected] !www.asesga.org

SWEDEN SVEPARK Sten Åke Håkansson Östergatan 39 S- 21122 Malmö Phone: +46 40 605 69 10 Fax: +46 40 605 69 [email protected] !www.svepark.se

SWITZERLANDParkingSwiss, c/o AGVSSonia Riveiro Mittelstrassse 32 CH- 3012 Bern Phone: +41 31 307 15 46 Fax: +41 31 307 15 [email protected] !www.parkingswiss.ch

Parking trend international no. 3-2010 29

News


Conference and meeting of the members of the Bundesverband Parken e.V.

The parking industry meets at ScAlmost 200 participants fromall over Germany, includingnumerous members of theBundesverband Parken e.V.,attended the association con -ference at the FC Schalke 04stadium. Five speakers heldtalks on topics centring a -round parking space mana -gement. Besides traffic andenvironmental issues, the suc-cessful marketing of parkingservices in general was alsoon the agenda as well as legaland tax aspects associatedwith company managementin the parking industry.

A representative of the hostcity of Gelsenkirchen to getherwith Werner Schardt, chair-man of the Bundes-verband Parken e.V.,wel comed the confe-rence attendees in the»Glückauf Club FlözFritz« highligh ted bythe impressive back-drop of the Veltinsarena in Schalke.

Claus Schnell,head of the asso-ciation’s trafficpolicies commit-tee, »kicked off«the event by hol-ding the firsttalk. »The city’slifeline is its ac-

cessibility« Schnell said. Theretail business, gastronomy,residents and commerce depend on it. Environmentzones which have been crea-ted in all large German citiesrestrict private transport. InSchnell’s opinion, good trafficcontrol and professional ma-

nagement of parking spacesare better than the rigorousreduction of traffic volumesby introducing city tolls andenvironment zones.

It was exactly this themethat Klaus-Peter Sehnert, de-puty vice president of theGerman Automobile ClubADAC, took up. He closedranks with BV Parken rightfrom the beginning of his pre-sentation. »We are on thesame wavelength – the ADAC’sanswer to environment zonesis a clear no .« The influen-tial automobile associationdoubts the figures put for-ward by many cities on thesupposed improvement of airquality. Sehnert spoke in this

connection of »crea-tive authorities«. Acritical examinationconducted in the form of measure-ments taken by theADAC was unable tosustain the allegedsuccess of environ-

ment zones. On the contrary,the ADAC demands measuresto effectively reduce particleemissions caused by existingtraffic volumes. Traffic lightssynchronised on »green«, forinstance, reduce undesiredfine particulate matter emit-ted by cars by half. Sehnertalso recommendedthat the partly deca-des old municipal ser-vice vehicle fleets berenewed by introdu-cing dustcarts or bus-ses with hybrid-driveelectric drive systemsinstead of continuing

to use outdated diesel vehi-cles with no filters and highfuel consumption.

Sehnert was also cri-tical of city tolls. Par-king space mana gementthat functions well cou-pled with user-friendlycar parks is a conside -rably more effectiveway of regulating innercity traffic. Additio-nally, urban public transportin the form of busses and rail-ways combined with Park &Ride stations must be expan-ded in many places. The de-puty ADAC vice presidentcited Oslo, Stockholm andLondon as examples wheretolls are levied or have beenlevied for the use of publictraffic infrastructure forquite a long time. In all threecases the introduction of atoll has had no positive effecton the environment, with op-timisation of traffic flowsonly having been achieved toa certain extent.

Parking makes inner cities attractiveDr. Karl-Ludwig Ball-reich, head of theBundesverband Par-ken e.V. marketingcommittee, announ-ced the next talk, in

the course of which Prof. Dr.Rolf Monheim addressed the

question of how theproduct »parking«can be better mar-keted. The scientistfrom the Universityof Bayreuth recom-mended that thesubject of parkingbe ridden of ideo-logy. The poor image

that pay parking no doubt hasderives, above all, from streetparking. »Motorists simplydon’t take much notice ofmulti-storey car parks«, theprofessor explained. Theycompete with on-street par-king.

»Multi-storey car parksshould take priority in thecase of stationary traffic ininner cities«, Monheim ad -ded. Research work which hecarried out with his instituteshowed that users of multi-storey car parks reached theirdestinations much easier onfoot and wasted considerablyless time and resources in se-arching for a parking spacethan when parking their carin the street or somewhereelse. In spite of these factualresults, motorists persistentlytry to find a free parkingspace in the open. Motiva-tion: supposed closeness to

Claus Schnell

Werner Schardt

Prof. Dr. RolfMonheim

Dr. Karl-LudwigBallreich

Full house: nearly 200 attendees at the Bundesverband Parken conference

News

chalke and gets up-to-datedestination, and cost. Profes-sor Monheim criticised thelack of information suppliedto these potential customers.He blamed the parking in -dustry for »inadequate mar-ket orientation«. Problemsare also posed by the retailbusiness’s fixation with streetparking as well as the »per-manent lamentation by shopowners«. This must be counte-red by multi-storey car parkoperators conducting commu-nication campaigns. »Theypromote benefits« he calledto his listeners in Schalke. Hesuggested that operators cre -ate networks. Competitors toomust co-operate to achieve enhanced marketing of theproduct »inner city« and itsrange of services.

The future of mobility still openThose pretending to knowhow people will travel (be

transported) in 30 years timeare fooling themselves. Thatwas the conclusion drawn byGreenpeace expert WolfgangLohbeck. All the current hypeabout electric vehicles con-tains numerous unreal promi-ses when viewed closer. Nodoubt of much surprise tomany listeners, Lohbeck des-cribed the combustion engineas currently being more suit-able than the pure electricdrive. An emission of 60 gramsCO2/km is »state-of-the-art«,80 grams is achievable whencarmakers make every effortto build cars that consume aslittle fuel as possible.

Greenpeace, however, hasexamined the E-Smart ingreater depth. In the finalanalysis, the electricallydriven mini car produces onlya few grams less CO2 – afterall, the production of electri-city also emits carbon mono-xide into the atmosphere. Theuse of nuclear power is tacitly

accepted and merely mentio-ned in passing, Lohbeck ad -ded, critically. Another issueare the lies made by the ma-nufacturers about fuel con-sumption. The batteries alsorepresent a problem in con-nection with E-mobility. Theycan’t be produced in suf -ficient numbers for a massmarket because lithium, theraw material, is scarce. Ser-vice life is also limited to justa few years and the problemof disposal is something onecan’t afford to overlook either.Even when assuming optimi-sed battery energy den sity isachieved by the year 2020,electric cars don’t representany real progress from theCO2 point of view«,Lohbeck explained inclearly renouncing elec - tric mobility. In theend, the combustion engine offers gre aterpotential if only one ex-hausts this potential to

the full, the Greenpeace re-presentative concluded.

Current legal and taxation questionsIn the course of a furthertalk, lawyer Ulrich Dieckert,Berlin examinedin detail the dataprivacy problemsthat can arisethrough the useof video controlsystems (CCTV)in multi-storeycar parks. CCTVrepresents a significant de-terrent and enhances opera-tor self-protection.

In winding up, lawyer JensGewinnus from the Deut-

schen Industrie- undHandelskammertag(German Chamberof Commerce andIndustry) spoke onthe current status of company tax re-form. !

Ulrich Dickert

Jens Gewinnus

Impressive backdrop: »Auf Schalke« stadium


News

In the decision of November17, 2009, the Hungarian Con-stitutional Court declaredthe legal provisions regula-ting the paid on-street par-king as well as the wholeParking Decree of Budapestnull and void, to be valid fromJuly 1, 2010. The decision con-cerned two laws. One of thesewas the Highway Traffic Actempowering the operators ofpublic roads (i.e. generallythe municipalities) to demanda fee for parking in publicareas. The other was the Mu-nicipalities Act, which empo-wered the Municipality ofBudapest Capital (rather thanthe respective districts) topass decrees on this subjectwithin the special double mu-nicipality system of Budapest.

As both laws provided forthis empowerment in a shortsentence each, the 19-pagelong reasoning of the Courtexplained in detail that thesituation was unconstitutio-nal due to the incomplete re-gulation of the regulatorypowers of the municipalities.

Due to the decision, it was tobe expected (and it would havebeen welcomed by several

NGOs) that if the necessary le-gislation could not be passed intime, there would be no paidon-street parking in Hungarywhatsoever after July 1, 2010.Political and professional orga-nisations agreed that the lackof parking regulation wouldlead to a chaotic situation andwas to be avoided. The timelimit of more than sevenmonths determined by theConstitutional Court was theo-retically more than enough forcarefully elaborated legisla-tion. Yet in April 2010, the ge-neral elections were held inHungary. The new bill was in-troduced by the outing govern-ment relatively late (in March2010), and it only contained anamendment to the HighwayTraffic Act. To amend the Mu-nicipalities Act needs a twothirds majority, and as the go-

vernment only had minimalsupport in March, they did noteven attempt to propose acomprehensive solution. Dueto the procedural rules of theParliament, there was no timefor debate of the bill beforethe elections. Some NGOs andconstant opponents of the par-king system were about to ce-lebrate.

The parties which have wonthe election have, however, amajority of over two thirds inthe Hungarian Parliament, sothey had the opportunity toamend both laws in a short pe-riod. In less than a week afterthe second turn of the electi-ons on April 25, the prepara-tion of the legis lation started.In the draf ting committee,which mostly comprised lawy-ers and politicians, the par-king industry was representedby Joseph Tóth, Pre sident ofthe Hungaropark.

In spite of the short timelimits, on May 17, 2010, two MPs have introduced thebills containing the necessaryamend ments. A fast-trackpro cedure was used for thebills, so the new laws could be passed on June 1, 2010.Owing to the continuous co-operation, also the new Par-king Decree of BudapestCapital, now based entirely

on the new legal provisions,has been passed on June 3.

Since the first paid on-street parking systems werelaunched in Hungary in 1996,there was no instance of sucha well-organised and swift le-gislative procedure.

The new regulations con-tain several elements reflec -ting political considerations(e.g. private companies cannotbe parking operators, no inte-rest can be demanded for latepayment), but professional de-mands were also properly ad-dressed. Most of the proposalsbased on the experience ofHungaropark were accepted,which is a major for the par-king industry.

The main features of thenew system are summarisedby the Hungaropark in thefollowing ten points:1. OPERATORSThe public service of on-streetparking cannot be provided byprivate companies, only muni-cipalities or operators ownedexclusively by municipalities.Contracts already made withprivate companies remain inforce, but cannot be prolongedand their geographical scopecannot be extended either.2. LEGAL RELATIONSHIPParking is a private-law rela-tionship between the parking

SummaryIn a decision passed in Fall 2009, theConstitutional Court declared the lawsregulating paid on-street parking inHungary null and void. Due to the lackof a valid legal regulation, paid parkingin Hungarian cities would have to beabolished from July 1, 2010. The ge-neral elections in April, 2010, have in-terrupted the otherwise slow processof legislation, so the opponents of par-king systems were about to start cele-

brating the free (and chaotic) on-streetparking. The newly elected Parliament,however, succeeded in passing the necessary laws in three weeks, whichmeans that even after July 1, 2010,there is no free on-street parking inHungary. The President of the Hunga-ropark participated in the drafting ofthe new regulation, so we can now re-ceive first-hand information on thelegal rules concerning paid on-streetparking in Hungary.

By Joseph Tóth,President of the Hungarian Parking Association - Hungaropark and Member of the EPA Policy and Strategy Committee

10 things to know about parking rules in Hungary

There is no free on-street parking


News

ZusammenfassungIn einer im Herbst 2009 verkündeten Entscheidunghatte das Verfassungsgericht von Ungarn die bishe-rige gesetzliche Regelung des gebührenpflichtigenParkens auf öffentlichen Straßen für null und nichtigerklärt. In Abwesenheit einer geltenden Gesetzesrege-lung wären ab dem 1. Juli 2010 in ungarischen Städ-ten somit keine Parkgebühren mehr zu entrichteng ewesen. Dann wurde der auch anderweitig langsameGesetzgebungsprozess durch die Parlamentswahlenim April 2010 aufgehalten, so dass die Gegner vonParkverordnungen schon das kostenlose (und chaoti-sche) Parken auf der Straße feiern wollten. Dem neugewählten Parlament ist es jedoch gelungen, die er-forderlichen Gesetze in nur drei Wochen durchzubrin-gen. Es wird also auch nach dem 1. Juli 2010 inUn garn kein kostenfreies Parken auf öffentlichen Stra-ßen geben. Da der Vorsitzende des Parkierbundes Hun-garopark an der Ausgestaltung der neuen Regelungbeteiligt war, können wir unsere Informationen über dieRechtsregeln für das gebührenpflichtige Parken auf Un-garns Straßen nun aus erster Hand beziehen.

RécapitulationDans un arrêt rendu à l'automne 2009, la Cour con-stitutionnelle a déclaré nulles et non avenues les loisrégissant le stationnement payant sur chaussée enHongrie. Faute de réglementation valide, le stationne-ment payant dans les villes hongroises devait êtreaboli à partir du 1er juillet 2010. Les élections légis-latives d’avril 2010 ont interrompu par ailleurs le lentmécanisme législatif de sorte que les opposants auxsystèmes de stationnement s'apprêtaient à célébrer lestationnement sur chaussée gratuit (et chaotique).Néanmoins, le Parlement qui vient d’être élu à réussià voter les lois nécessaires en l'espace de trois se-maines, ce qui veut dire que même après le 1er juillet2010, on ne pourra pas stationner gratuitement surchaussée en Hongrie. Le président de l’Hungaroparka participé à l’élaboration de la nouvelle législation desorte que nous pourrons bénéficier d'informations depremière main sur la réglementation en matière destationnement payant sur chaussée en Hongrie.

RecapitulaciónEn una resolución del pasado otoño 2009, la Corteconstitucional declaró nulas e inválidas las leyes re-guladoras de los aparcamientos callejeros de pagoen Hungría. Debido a la falta de regulaciones legalesválidas, el aparcamiento de pago debería haber sidoabolido en las ciudades húngaras el 1 de julio de2010. Las elecciones generales de abril de 2010 in-terrumpieron ese, de otro modo, lento proceso le-gislativo y los opositores de sistemas deaparcamiento estuvieron a punto de lograr el parkinglibre (y caótico) en la calle. Pero el nuevo parla-mento elegido logró hacer pasar en tres semanas lasleyes necesarias, por lo que tras el 1 de julio de2010, sigue sin haber aparcamiento libre en las cal-les de Hungría. El Presidente de Hungaropark parti-cipó en la creación de la nueva regulación, de formaque ahora disponemos de información de primeramano sobre las reglas legales aplicables al aparca-miento de pago en las calles de Hungría.

operator and the motorist. Noinvolvement of governmentauthorities (e.g. Police) is ne-cessary for the recovery offees and penalties.3. LIABILITYThe car owner of the vehicle isliable for the payment of feesand fines. It is of no importancewho actually drove the car.4. FEESThe parking fee cannot exceedtwo times the average price ofone litre of unleaded 95 gas inthe respective period. Actual

fees are determined by thelocal municipality within thelimits of the legal maximum.In 2010, the maximum parkingfee is HUF 544 (~EUR 1,9).5. MINIMUM FEEThe minimum fee is the sum ofthe fee for 15 minutes of par-king in the case of classicalP&D system, for 30 minutesfor vouchers , and for one hourof parking in the case of ma-nual collection of fees. The mi-nimum parking time to be paidfor is now the same everyw-here in the country. In the caseof mobile payments, the ruledoes not apply for parking ter-minated within one minute(false start).6. GRACE PERIODIn the case of payments forless than one hour of parking,no fine has to be paid within 5minutes after the ticket has ex-pired. In the case of longerparking times, this period is 15minutes. A grace period ap-plies for valid parking ticketsonly: if no parking fee waspaid, there is no grace period.

7. FINESIn the case of unpaid parking,the fee for one hour of par-king and a fine (surcharge)has to be paid. If paid within15 days after the parking no-tice was issued, the fine is theparking fee for the paid pe-riod of the respective dayplus two hours; if paid after15 days, the fine is 40 timesthe parking fee for one hour.Municipalities cannot deter-mine the sum of the finesthemselves. Moreover, thesum of the fine cannot be lessthan the parking fee for awhole day.8. PERIOD OF LIMITATIONThe period of limitation forthe parking fee or fine is oneyear, while no interest for latepayment can be demanded.The operator has to inform thekeeper about the debt in a notice within 60 days. The lawcontains all the provisionswhich have to be observed by the providers (operators)when recovering fine claims.There is no essential change

as to the previous regulations,but the procedure is now regu-lated by a law.9. USE OF INCOMESParking fees and fines aredue to the owner municipa-lity; the incomes from par-king fees and fines as well astheir use has to be recordedby the municipality. Practi-cally, information on the totalamount of parking fees andtheir use will be publishedthrough the homepages ofthe municipalities.10. PROACTIVITYThe easiest way of avoiding un -necessary conflict and stress isstill paying the parking feesproperly, rather than hopingfor the evasion of fines or thefailure of recovery. Parkingfees are not applied to makethe life of citizens harder. Onthe contrary: as there is notenough place for the increasednumber of vehicles, availableplaces have to be distributed.Who does not pay parkingfees may be misusing YOURparking slot. !

Phot

o: S

hutte

rsto

ck


For more than 15 years, theEuropean Parking Associa-tion (EPA) not only underli-nes parking problems, butalso makes efforts to improvethis situation. Experience oftowns and results of its activi-ties are not only presented atcongresses, in PTI bulletin,but also in individual com-missions and other bodies.The main tool to improve themost critical situation in ourcities is the »Parking policy«.

Parking policy represents aset of measures with the goalto create optimal conditionsfor parking, which must re-spect needs of all preferredusers of given space.Such solution must comple-tely comply with measures ne-cessary for sustainable urbanmobility. Parking policy im-plementation can provide:1. Better traffic service2. Reduction of the volume

of undesirable traffic3. Improvement of conditi-

ons for parking.

The objective assessment ofthe situation and of followingprocedures requires appro-priate data on dynamic andstatic traffic as well as social-demographic and urban plan-ning data.

The critical analysis ofsuch data and of their impacton problem solution repre-sents an integral conditionfor solving parking needs in-cluding necessary mobility intowns.

The parking policy mustalso indicate space limits andregulatory measures. Such in-formation is necessary forother solutions oriented onmobility in town improve-ment, but also for needs forthe territorial development,mainly what concerns its spa-tial arrangement and accessi-bility. It should be especiallyunderlined that the measuresoriented on goals of parkingpolicy of a town cannot re-place measures determined inthe town development docu-mentation.

Solving parking policy goals 1. The improvement of the

traffic servicing is condi-tioned by:

a) Necessary number of short-term and long-term par-king slots for vehicles for:

! Servicing of important facilities

! Supplying! Residents ! People with disabilities! Other people commuting

using individual traffic,b) Areas necessary for

people commuting using adifferent mode of traffic

! Public transport (stops,turn around)

! On foot and using a bicy-cle (pathways, pedestriancrossings and so on)

c) Target oriented organiza-tion of traffic (static anddynamic).

2. Reduction of the volumeof undesirable traffic

A suitable solution has a ma -jor impact on traffic serviceand mobility in towns. The

impact of the Parking policyon efficient solution is limi-ted. The task of the parkingpolicy is to indicate the con-sequences of the present mo -dal split on possibilities andaccessibility of space and itslimits for satisfaction of gene-ral needs of society. Achieve-ment of this goal in principleis possible only:a) By a reduction of traffic

requirementsb) Suitable change of the

modal split. 3. Improvement of conditions

for parking and garagingThe conditions for short-termand long-term parking andgaraging depend strongly on

SummaryThis article shortly presents the pro -cedures how to create and implementthe parking policy in our towns, ini -tiated and prepared by the Slovak Parking Association in close co -operation with EPA, also consideredas one of the starting points for the future EPA guideline in this field.

Parking PolicyGoals, Conditions, Procedures and Implementation

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possibilities to use the wholeavailable space, on its com-plete regulation and on ma-nagement of parking.

The options for improve-ment of short-term and long-term parking conditions andgaraging are strongly influen-ced and sometimes even limi-ted by objective needs ofother users of the given space.

These are represented byneeds to maintain or improvethe human factor of the givenspace and to provide its pri-mary functions (housing, improvement, ecologic requi -rements, and so on).

The improvement of statictraffic needs in centers oftowns and in multi-functionalareas to a decisive extent isconditioned by the complexcoordination and regulationof the traffic system. A satis-factory improvement can bereached by regulatory and or-ganizational measures.

On the other hand, in areaswith dominating housing func -tion (dwellings), it is neces-sary to provide mainlysufficient areas and space forlong-term parking and gara-

ging of vehicles of residents.Efficiency of regulatory mea-sures in such areas is substan-tially lower than in towncenters.

Implementation of the parking policyFor systematic procedure ofimplementation we need:! To create structures for

qua lified management ofthe implementation pro-cess

! To use all suitable spacefor short-term and long-term parking of vehicles,on-street and off-street (aparking system coveringthe entire area)

! Efficient regulation andefficient control of par-king in the entire area.

Municipal bodies are respon-sible for the cre ation of struc -tures for ma nagement of theimplementation process. Thismeans to establish an inde-pendent professional teamfor a long-term coordinationand management of all activi-ties related to technical, ad-ministrative, organizational,regulatory, legislative and fi-nancial measures.

These are mainly represen-ted by: An update of the pro-ject for organization andmanagement of traffic in ac-cordance with the conditionsof parking policy! Definitions of areas ! Definition of coordination

of the on-street and off-street parking

! Elaboration of adequatedocumentation

! Selection of the main ope-rator

! Decision on method of re-gulation and operation ofparking services and faci-lities.

The independent professionalteam shall closely cooperate

with the urban policy andoverall traffic policy teams.

According to goals deter-mined in the parking policyand above-mentioned conditi-ons for an efficient imple-mentation of measures forregulation of traffic and par-king, the local authority mustdecide on method and proce-dures for its provision. This ismainly about the selection ofan entity authorized for im-plementation and operationof parking facilities and ser-vices, as well as about the me-thod of its cooperation withthe authority and checking ofits activities.

Within the cooperationwith the local authority it isalso necessary to agree uponthe method and performanceof other important tasks ne-cessary for functionality of atown:! To analyze the efficiency

of implemented measures ! To implement necessary

modifications conditionedby the development of thetraffic situation

! To initiate an update ofmeasures and tasks inorder to achieve goals ofthe parking policy.

ConclusionOur towns built during manycenturies cannot cope withpresent and future increaseof automobile traffic withoutelaboration of a concept forcoordinated town develop-ment guaranteering sustaina-ble mobility.

A reduction of negativeimpact of parking needs canbe achieved by a gradual im-plementation of measures de-fined by parking policy. !

by Rudolf Surov! and Igor DulaTraffic experts of the SlovakParking Association

Traffic experts of the Slovak Parking Association

Igor DulaRudolf Surov!

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel umreißt kurz die Verfahren zur Formulierung undImplementierung der Parkplatz -richtlinien in unseren Städten. Initiiert und vorbereitet vom slowakischen Verband für ParkenSlovenská parkovacia asociácia inenger Zusammenarbeit mit der EPA und als eine Ausgangsbasisder zukünftigen EPA-Richtlinie indiesem Bereich zu betrachten.

RécapitulationLe présent article présente briève-ment les procédures à appliquerpour créer et mettre en œuvre unepolitique de stationnement dansnos villes. Il a été initié et préparépar l'Association slovaque de stati-onnement en coopération étroiteavec l’EPA et est également consi-déré comme l’un des points de dé-part des futures lignes directricesde l’EPA dans ce domaine.

RecapitulaciónEn breve este artículo presentarálos procedimientos para crear e im-plementar una política de aparca-miento en nuestras ciudades,iniciada y preparada por SlovakParking Association en cooperacióncon EPA (Environmental ProtectionAgency), además será consideradocomo uno de los puntos de partidapara la futura revista de EPA en estecampo.

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High traffic volumes, growing need for parking spaceand, as a result, increasing search for parking options

call for innovations in parking space management. Moderninfotainment systems having navigation features can no lon-ger be dispensed with in motor vehicles in present times. Wi-reless communication between motor vehicles and the parkinginfrastructure has been implemented for the very first time inthe »travolution« project that is being implemented in coope-ration between AUDI AG and Scheidt & Bachmann GmbH.

At the time of approaching the parking facility the cardriver gets useful information via the MMI on-board monitorregarding the number of vacant parking slots available andthe parking fees payable. If the car driver decides to enterthe car parking facility, he / she simply confirms this via thecar on-board computer. The entry into the car park takesplace comfortably and quickly without a parking ticket.

The time-consuming payment procedure at the car parkingfacility is also dispensed with. The motor vehicle is used asthe unique identification of the car driver and thus enablesthe payment, e.g. via a credit card or direct debit mandate.Payment is confirmed comfortably using the MMI controlknob. The dispatch of the receipt via e-mail is initiated auto-

matically in the background. The customer can leave the carparking facility comfortably and quickly.

This means sustainable benefit of comfort for the cardriver. The customer can neither lose / misplace parking ti-ckets nor is he / she required to wait in queues at the pay sta-tions. The need to have the right amount of change or torequest for a receipt at the pay station in order to bill the tra-vel costs is thus circumvented. And last, but not least, dispen-sing with the need for cash at the pay machines at nightsenhances the feeling of security on the part of the customers.

The so-called Car-to-Infrastructure technology also provi-des value addition to the operator of the car parking facilityin many ways. To begin with, the MMI car on-board monitoris used as a communication platform for the car parking faci-lity and facilitates addressing customers in a targeted man-ner. The payment feature at the exit enables transparent andfair billing of the parking period correct to the nearest mi-nute both for the car driver and the operator of the car par-king facility. The payment feature also has a favourableimpact on the traffic flow within the car park: Queues at theexit, caused by car drivers who have forgotten to pay for theparking ticket at the pay stations, are prevented. Moreover,

The parking wizard in the »travoUnique Car-to-Infrastructure communication in multi-car parking facilities

In cooperation betweenAUDI AG and Scheidt &Bachmann GmbH wireless communica-tion between motor vehicles and the parkinginfrastructure has beenimplemented in the»travolution« project.Photos: AUDI AG

37

Innovative Products


Car drivers in cities and towns, and amongthem foreign visitors in particular, appre-

ciate information on available car parks and vacantparking places. In this application, radio modemsare used to deliver parking information from theparking area or garage gates to displays placed atstrategic locations along the main city entranceroutes, as well as at the parking area entrances.

Advance information on available parkingareas and vacant parking places helps the driversto find the parking space quickly, thus improvingthe quality of the public service, enhancing theflow of city traffic and reducing downtown trafficcongestion.

In Bolzano, a medium-sized town in ItalianTyrol, the parking place displays in 15 parkingareas have been equipped with Satelline radio mo-dems. Another Satelline, polls the parking area

displays, and transfers the information on vacantparking places to 15 traffic service displays moun-ted at selected locations along the downtown ac-cess routes. A similar arrangement helps driversin the city of Turku, Finland. Nine garages in thecity area use Satelline radio modems to transferinformation on vacant parking places. One of theradio modems is the Master station that polls theothers con ti nuously. At the entrance and exit gatesof the garages, elec tronic devices count the inco-ming and outgoing vehicles. The number of va cantparking places is transmitted through the Satel-line to the Master station that links the parkingspace information further to 7 parking area dis-plays. The display screens, showing the name ofthe garage and number of vacant parking places,are located in close vicinity of the garages. !"

! www.satel.com

In Turku, Finland,nine garages in the city area useSATELLINE radiomodems to trans-fer information on vacant parkingplaces. Photo: SATEL

the operational costs of the car parking facility can be redu-ced in a sustained manner in many ways, by working withoutparking tickets, decreasing the number of pay stations in thecar park, and by cutting down on the service effort resultingfrom fewer cash receipts. Pay stations tie up capital resourcesboth at the time that they are procured and during operation,and are the primary targets of vandalism and break-ins.

Apart from the enhanced levels of comfort for customersand the favourable impact with respect to increase in sales re-venue and cost reduction, the improved CO2 balance is the

decisive advantage of the Car-to-Infrastructure technology.The efficient organisation of the traffic flow for cars lookingfor parking spaces both outside and within the car parking fa-cilities and the quick turnaround times for entry, paymentand exit leads to sustained reduction in the emission levelsand makes a meaningful contribution to environmental con-servation and the future of the motor vehicle.

»travolution« project The aim of the »travolution« project, which is being promo-ted and pursued by Audi in Ingolstadt, is to enable motorcars to communicate with traffic signals, car parking facili-ties and petrol stations. This networking feature streamlinesroad traffic and, thus, reduces CO2 emissions. The systempermits entry into a parking facility without the use of anymedia and prevents incorrect fuel being filled up in the cartank. In addition, this system offers the feature of on-linepayments when refilling fuel and while parking. The char-ges are automatically debited to the credit card or customercard after entering the confirmation in the multi-media in-terface, MMI. !"

! www.scheidt-bachmann.de

olution« project

SATEL

Radio modems deliver parking information

The entry into the car park takes place comfortably and quickly without a parking ticket.

38

Innovative Products


Looking for Solutions?The question says it all. Today’s Parking World no lon-ger simply requires a set of machines for entrances,

exits and a paystation accompanied by a PC with a reportingfacility. In the past years this has evolved into a search forpartnerships with agile and flexible Parking Manufacturers,able to deliver tailor-made solutions.

In view of that market tendency, Amano decided to com-pletely throw their proven – yet »machine oriented« – con-cept overboard. Amano’s Xparc concept is the result of thischange of heart.

XparcThe search for such a new concept was driven by the idea thatan AMANO Parking Solution should be capable to connectwith »the customer’s needs« in a seamless way.

Embracing the worldwide standard TCP/IP was a firstmeans to an end. Where the typical serial communi-cation methods provide more than suffi-cient stability, the use of networkeddevices provides a flexibility that is unsur-passed.

Indeed, the use of standard network de-vices facilitates the connectivity of the stan-dard Amano parking devices. But moreimportant, the integration with Xparc of anyother network enabled device that adds tothe manageability of a carpark becomes a fea-sible task.

Xtra!The sky is the limit if your concept is based on a very opensystem architecture. In the few years that Xparc has beenon the market, numerous examples have proven Amanoright. License Plate Recognition, monitoring with CCTVcamera’s, Voice Over IP based intercom solutions … theyare typical examples of Carpark Management facilities of-fered by Xparc solutions. The ease of integration with thirdparty applications was proven by offering solutions for hos-pitals, supermarket groups or universities. The integrationwith the customer’s existing software environment offersincreased flexibility and moreover: a time saver!

Finally!The typical carpark owner will obviously welcome the perfect technical solution with both hands. On the other

hand, there is a growing tendency towards design requi-rements. One often says »beauty

is in the eye of the beholder«.That is true but Amano’s decision to create a completenew and in the ParkingWorld unprecedented de-sign, ensures that virtuallyeverone likes Xparc. !"

! [email protected]

PROMOTION

Back ground

Global Parking Rates SurveyParking Remains Expensive in the World’s Global Cities

Leading the list of the most expensive cities to park acar for a month is London; The City and West End sub-

markets ranked number one and number two in the world.Monthly parking rates in The City topped the global list at$933.00 USD per month ( 643.00 GBP) followed by the WestEnd at $874.00 USD ( 602.00 GBP). Highlighting the bounceback in a number of financial centers, parking rates in TheCity increased 2.1% over the past 12 months while West Endrates increased 2.0% (in localcurrency terms) from 2009 le-vels. In the third spot was HongKong at $745.00 USD permonth ($5,800.00 HKD).

Interestingly, two Australiancities again made the top tenlist; Sydney at number sevenand Perth at number eight(Brisbane was not far off thetop ten coming in at 15). Thehighest daily parking costswere dominated by Europeancities with Oslo in the globalnumber two spot at $54.52 (352.00 NOK) followed by Lon-don’s City submarket, London West End, Amsterdam,Vienna, Athens and Copenhagen all making the top ten list.For this year’s survey, Abu Dhabi, UAE was the recipient ofthe number one position as the world’s most expensive placeto park for the day at $55.00 USD. The cheapest city to parkis again Chennai, India at $0.96 for the day.

Colliers’ third annual global parking rate survey nowtracks 147 central business districts from all corners of the

globe. The intent of this survey is to provide corporate realestate executives with the relative cost of parking, both on adaily and monthly basis.

Methodology and DefinitionsReaders will be able determine the relative cost to park a carboth within countries and across borders. With data for 2008,2009 and 2010, year-over-year pricing trends are now availa-

ble and something that willbe a feature of future reports.The survey methodology va-ries by country but in almostall cases Colliers’ researchershave surveyed the majority ofparking garages with their respective central businessdistrict (CBD). Survey only in-cludes covered or under-ground parking garageslocated in prime CBDs. Par-king rate data was collectedduring the month of June

2010 and includes all relevant taxes. Sources include thirdparties, owners/operators and Colliers International.

Daily Parking – The customer is permitted to park for a full day and is not impacted by »early bird« restrictions.Unreserved Parking – The customer is guaranteed a spaceupon entry. !"

By Ross J. Moore, Chief Economist Colliers International/USA! www.colliers.com

Whether to park for a day or to have access to parking anytime during the month, the world’s top global cities remain amongst the most expensive places to park a car. No one region dominated in this year’s survey with a good mix of North American, European, Asia Pacific and the Middle Eastern cities all represented in the top ten. The only region not represented was Latin America, however, de -mand drivers in that region continue to improve, suggesting parking rates will almost certainly be climbing over the next few years.


Top 50 monthly parking rates

Unre served median rates in USD

London – City 932.99London – West End 873.50Hong Kong 744.72Tokyo 654.00Rome 615.00Zurich 605.64Sydney 591.28Perth 563.37Brussels 549.94New York – Midtown 538.00New York – Downtown 529.00Copenhagen 516.88Vienna 496.22Amsterdam 482.28Brisbane 469.47Manchester 462.87Calgary 432.93Geneva 431.34Birmingham 428.05Oslo 425.98Boston 425.00Bristol 419.34Antwerp 393.70Milan 393.70San Francisco 375.00St. Petersburg 356.40Stockholm 332.80Munich 322.09Toronto 321.09Chicago 320.00Hamburg 307.58Philadelphia 300.00Melbourne 296.07Leeds 294.55Seattle 285.00Paris 282.97Taipei 279.00Shanghai 278.73Madrid 276.82Auckland 272.44Montreal 267.96Moscow 267.30Wellington 265.63Edmonton 262.60Frankfurt 259.59Vancouver 254.78Athens 246.06Washington 245.00Glasgow 243.77Dubai 240.00

Top 50 daily parking rates

Unre served median rates in USD

Abu Dhabi 55.00Oslo 54.52Tokyo 54.50London - City 52.24Sydney 51.18London - West End 50.79Amsterdam 49.21Vienna 48.10Athens 46.14Copenhagen 41.68Stockholm 40.96New York – Midtown 40.00Dubai 40.00The Hague 38.14Zurich 34.61Paris 34.45Honolulu 32.75Boston 32.00Chicago 31.00New York – Downtown 31.00Düsseldorf 30.76Madrid 30.76Los Angeles 29.63Brisbane 29.61Melbourne 29.61Helsinki 29.53Frankfurt 29.53Hamburg 29.53Hong Kong 28.25Edinburgh 27.57Manchester 26.84Geneva 26.26Philadelphia 26.00San Diego 26.00St. Petersburg 25.92Tel Aviv 25.89Rotterdam 25.84San Francisco 25.00Seattle 25.00Perth 24.87Moscow 24.62Munich 24.61Stuttgart 24.61Rome 23.38Birmingham 23.22Bristol 23.22Toronto 22.36Berlin 22.15Utrecht 22.15Leeds 21.77

Parking rates in Europe

unreserved in USD – exchange rates June1, 2010

daily monthlyTirana Albania 5.46 182.00Vienna Austria 48.10 496.22Minsk Belarus 6.00 120.00Brussels Belgium 18.33 549.94Antwerp Belgium 19.68 393.70Sofia Bulgaria 10.06 116.99Zagreb Croatia 10.83 123.03Prague, Czech Republic 16.91 222.18Copenhagen, Denmark 41.68 516.88Tallinn, Estonia 18.89 196.75Helsinki, Finland 29.53 36.91Paris, France 34.45 282.97Berlin, Germany 22.15 153.79Düsseldorf, Germany 30.76 224.53Frankfurt, Germany 29.53 259.59Hamburg, Germany 29.53 307.58Munich, Germany 24.61 322.09Stuttgart, Germany 24.61 209.15Athens, Greece 46.14 246.06Budapest, Hungary 16.80 225.00Dublin, Ireland 10.11 28.54Milan, Italy 19.68 393.70Rome, Italy 23.38 615.00Riga, Latvia 10.46 174.70Vilnius, Lithuania 8.55 178.20Podgorica, Montenegro 11.81 141.73Amsterdam, Netherlands 49.21 482.28Eindhoven, Netherlands 17.22 169.78Rotterdam, Netherlands 25.84 187.01The Hague, Netherlands 38.14 232.53Utrecht, Netherlands 22.15 182.08Belfast, Northern Ireland 1 4.51 94.32Oslo, Norway 54.52 425.98Warsaw, Poland 10.57 111.78Lisbon, Portugal 17.22 184.55Bucharest, Romania – 123.03St. Petersburg, Russia 25.92 356.40Moscow, Russia 24.62 267.30Belgrade, Serbia 8.46 237.60Bratislava, Slovakia 8.86 177.16Madrid, Spain 30.76 276.82Stockholm, Sweden 40.96 332.80Geneva, Switzerland 26.26 431.34Zurich, Switzerland 34.61 605.64Istanbul, Turkey 5.73 –Kyiv, Ukraine 10.00 80.00Birmingham, UK 23.22 428.05Bristol, UK 23.22 419.34Edinburgh, UK 27.57 233.61Glasgow, UK 18.86 243.77Leeds, UK 21.77 294.55London - West End UK 50.79 873.50London - City UK 52.24 932.99Manchester UK 26.84 462.87

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Back ground


Engineers search for parking perfectionWhen we someday dig into the archaeology of the late20th Century, there is no question we will marvel at

society’s contorted efforts to integrate the automobile in -to everyday life. Cars, whether we like it or not, are not go-ing away until we cannotafford to run them any-more. It's a variant ofanother expression butprobably more true to say that for many peoplethey’ll give you their stee-ring wheel only when youtake it from their cold,dead hands!

The other day so-meone sent me a funnyand fascinating video clipabout an undergroundautomated car parkingsystem built in Budapestby the Wöhr company ofGermany. A great topicfor CityCaucus.com, Ithought, so I began re -searching the topic so-mewhat. Little did Irealize that the search forurban parking perfectionhas been a long quest ofengineers. There seems tobe countless systems thatpropose to be the best forparking your car for you,with the lowest footprinton the urban landscape.

Wöhr’s pitch is veryEurocentric. Let’s keepthe public squares openfor people and hide theautos underneath. It lookslike a great idea, but ofcourse you have no idea of the return on investment withouta lot of study. Burying these systems ain’t cheap. I began tofind more systems touted on YouTube, and all of them relyheavily on computer animation. That suggests to me that theautomated parking systems are still for many cities stuck onthe drawing board.

For example, there’s Revo-park, with its computer anima-tion that reminds me of the sets from a first-person shootergame like Quake. Then there is US-based Boomerang Systemswho seem to diss all those mamby-pamby Asian and Euro-

pean alternative technologies with good old American in -genuity. Then there is this system from Israel, and the veryimportant presentation by a gorgeous TV host. I don’t un -derstand Hebrew, but it’s fascinating to watch nonetheless.

Then there is Assa’s ChessParking System, labeled as »the best parking sys-tem EVER«! They cer-tainly have the best nameof a manufacturer. Thenthere is the absolutely hor-rifying Parkomat (clip seenabove) which promotes itsmo dular parking towers toscale up and down basedupon need. The buildingsthemselves look like badairplane hangers, but si-tuated in your downtowncore.

To me the best visionfor a car-friendly world hasalways been Disney’s Ma -gic Highway from 1958.This clip touts how »spa-cious, well-planned com-munities will be closelyintegrated with the high -way system.« It’s a classicbit of wishful thinking by1950s urban planners andthe US automotive indus-try, who seemed to be wor-king hammer and tongback in those days. Ofcourse, those were the dayswhen father went to work,and mother and child wentshopping.

I guess it’s fair to saythat parking is an impor-

tant business, albeit not a very efficient one. It’s interestingto me that for all the energy some companies have put intothese computer-controlled stacking systems, so few real worldinstallations of them seem to exist. I guess we’ll continue topark the old fashioned way for some time to come, that is un-less you can get me to let go of the steering wheel. !"

by Mike Klassen in CityCaucus Feature

!www.citycaucus.com/2010/07/engineers-search-for-parking-perfection

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A trio of leading companies in the UK parking indus-try have announced a unique partnership to provide

the market with the first end-to-end solution delivering Off-street Revenue Generation, Enfor-cement and Notice Processing as a complete spe-cialist package. The package has been broughtabout by ANPR International, Metric Parking and Mouchelwith all partners bringing to the new collaboration the best that they have to offer within their respective areas ofexpertise.

The core to this partnership was the advent of the Auto -matic Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) enforcement tech-nology that was developed by ANPR International andinterfaced directly with Metric's range of Pay & Displayequipment and then linked through to Mouchel Traffic Supports ICPS notice processing software to enable a highly efficient and very effective means of ensuring revenue pro-tection and parking compliance within car parks.

One stop solutionIn a joint announcement, all three partners say the deploy-ment of this technology combined with the other enhancedservices offered by the Group, will have benefi-cial effects for the whole of the industry, localauthorities and private operators alike. The sys-tem now means that the Partnership can offer to the industrya one stop solution to off-street parking management, withthe latest innovation in Pay & Display equipment linked to a24/7 ANPR compliance system, all handled from a single backoffice function enabling very streamlined and effective no-tice processing and electronic paperless permit management.Metric’s UK Sales & Marketing Manager Richard Boultbee

commented: »We are very happy to be partners with ANPRInternational and Mouchel in supplying this unique package

which covers everything front-to-back fromvery efficient revenue generation through thepay and display machines to digital ANPRtechnology for reading number plates day and

night, and finally improved customer compliance with seam-less integration.«

Martyn Attwood, ANPR International Technical Director,was equally enthusiastic. »When we developed our ANPR so-lution ‘eyeTRAFFIC’, we always had a clear objective thatthis would have a dramatic impact on the Parking Industrywith particular focus on the Pay & Display sector. It was forthis reason we sought to develop the partnership as we did,teaming up with Mouchel and Metric who are the industryleaders in their respective fields.«

»This three prong partnership is the only one in the mar-ket with the capability of delivering a 24/7 technology pa-ckage right now, and each partner will be demonstrating andselling this end-to-end solution.« Attwood further added»ANPR International has solely used Metric parking machi-nes and Mouchel's ICPS system for the last four years, due in

main to the quality, reputation and supportfrom both Companies. The level of service andinnovation that both Companies offer through

their respective products and services made them the obviouschoice for the partnership«.

Strong synergy in the consortiumScott Gow, Mouchel Business Development Director, added»We are a Company that local authorities recognise and trustand between the three partners we have very strong synergy

British threesome ANPR International, Metric Parking and Mouchel announce partnership

Back ground

45

Back ground


and are able to demonstrate a presence across a very broadsector within the Parking Industry and have knowledge ofevery council in the country. One or the other of the partieswithin this consortium has a good relationship with local aut-horities and strong products and services that we will nowcollectively offer«. We all recognise that the market ischanging to allow the role of the CEO to become more pro-

active in the community. To allow this you have to embracetechnology not fear it. This partnership offers Local Authori-ties and the Private Sector to adopt a powerful yet fair andconsistent system to the end customer.

Managing an age old problem»In terms of the partnership, this total seamless solution willnot be found anywhere else. It is very much a ‘first’ and we be-lieve all three leading brands demonstrate confidence to themarket. ANPR based parking systems continue to grow in themarket and for Mouchel and Metric to be able to expand theirproduct and services base into the delivery of this systemmakes us keen to move the partnership forward.« He added

that the package would not onlyprovide more accountable enfor-cement, but allow for a safer,

more positive and diverse role for Civil Enforcement Officers,yet provide Parking Service Managers with a cost effectivesolution to managing an age old problem.

As part of the Technology on offer the Partnership are ableto supply not only the latest in P&D equipment, ANPR came-ras and Notice Processing software, but a range of complimen-tary services including pay by phone, electronic permitmanagement and even notice processing, issuing and col-lection. The Partners finished by commenting that this wasonly the start, and indicated that much more was to come fromthe Partnership in the coming weeks and months ahead. !"

! www.mouchel.com! www.anpr-international.com! www.metricgroup.co.uk

BemroseBooth announced that their business hasbeen sold as a going concern to the Paragon Group.

This acquisition is to strengthen the product offering toboth the parking and transit markets, while ensu-ring continuity of supply and product enhan-cement to all clients.

Paragon Group is responsible for over 1,200employees and has UK and Pan-European ma -nufacturing facilities. Its extensive portfolio ofproducts and services will complement the manu -facturing capability of the Hull and Teesside sites,allowing BemroseBooth Paragon Ltd to become aglobal manufacturer to the parking and transpor-tation markets. The company’s initial focus is to

stabilise production and supply. The synergy between theUK sites and Paragon’s Argent facility allows for

greater market infiltration and technological ad-vancements, allowing both businesses to driveticketing technologies and innovations for-ward in an ever-changing environment.

The RFID capability at Argent providesincreased opportunities and access to arange of market leading products. Bemro-seBooth’s team in the UK will have in-creased focus on the development oftickets and labels for transit, parking,

and secure logistics, leading changeand driving enhancements. !"

BemroseBooth sold to Paragon Group

Shelter under the Paragon umbrella

RFID allows

increased oppor -

tunities in transit,

parking, and

secure logistics.

Effective enforcement technology: ANPR – Automatic Number Plate Recognition

46

International Solutions


SFpark project introduces new coin and card parking meters

The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency(SFMTA) SFpark project launched in July 2010 the

first phase of new parking meter installation for the SFparkpilot project. Approximately 190 new smart meters will re-place existing meters along Hayes Street and four otherblocks in Hayes Valley and the Civic Center. Each new meterwill accept credit/debit cards, coins, and eventually SFMTAparking cards.

Over the next three months, as part of the SFpark pilotproject, the SFMTA will install nearly 5,100 new coin andcard meters to replace existing meters in SFpark pilot areas,including Hayes Valley, Civic Center, the Financial District,SOMA, the Mission, Fisherman’s Wharf, the Marina, and theFillmore District.

»Cities are making great contributions towards reducinggreenhouse gas emissions and congestion,« said Mayor GavinNewsom. »San Francisco is the first city in theworld to implement a parking-based ap-proach to congestion management. By ma-king it easier to park, we also improveour economic competitiveness.«

»Installing better parking me-ters is just the first step towardsmaking parking easier to findand easier to pay for,« saidSFMTA Executive Director/CEONathaniel P. Ford Sr. »Circlingfor parking accounts for approxi-mately 30 percent of city conges-tion. By reducing double-parkingand circling, SFpark will reducecongestion and air pollution, andpromises to support our efforts tomake Muni more reliable.«

SFpark combines new parking ma-nagement technology and approaches tomake parking in the City more conve-nient. In addition to coin and card me-ters, SFpark strategies will include

real-time parking availability information, longer time limits,and demand-responsive pricing. By managing parking so thatit is easier to find, drivers will circle and double-park less.This will help to keep streets clear for buses and emergencyvehicles, make roads safer for cyclists and pedestrians, andreduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Starting early next year, parking officials will start adjus-ting the meter rates and time limits to gauge how that influ-ences behavior. More than 8,000 wireless sensors will beembedded in the asphalt to monitor empty spaces and theamount of time each vehicle stays parked in one spot.

Rates will be adjusted based on demandCurrently, the city charges $2 to $3.50 an hour to park at ameter, depending on the neighborhood. Under SFpark, thebase price could range from 50 cents to $6. Rates could reach

as high as $18 an hour for special events.The prices will vary by time, location and day. Tominimize confusion, the price will not fluctuate

more than 50 cents an hour and won't bechanged more than once a month. The Munici-

pal Transportation Agency will analyze theusage and set the prices.

SFpark also will incorporate 15 city-owned parking garages, with some 12,500spaces, tying the prices to parking availa-

bility on the street.The public will be able to track real-time

parking availability online and with smart-phone applications starting next year. Elect-

ronic signs will also direct drivers to openspots.

If the project proves successful, San Fran-cisco could be trumpeted as a model. »I don't

think it will be a national precedent, but a world-wide precedent,« said Donald Shoup an econo-

mist and professor of urban planning at UCLAand a guru of the parking-reform movement. !"

! www.sfpark.org

In 2011 the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency (SFMTA) will launch SFpark, a new approachto parking management that will make parking in San Francisco more convenient.

Single-Space Meters – covering nearly4,700 spaces across all eight pilot areas.

Photo: SFpark

Walking under the stars The roof of the City parking garage was the »place to be« in the summer of 2010 in Linz

Every day at the Blue Hour, starting at 7:00 pm, thechanging Triennale program took place on the roof of

the City parking garage. In comfortable hammocks, with therefreshing Triennale drink, people could enjoy in the Trien-nale-Lounge on parking level 13, designed by Michael Kien-zer, the evening sun and chill out in a relaxing atmospherethere. Wooden steps open up new perspectives of the city, pre-senting Linz in its mixture of culture, industry and nature.

The top level of the City Parking Garage was the locationfor sitespecific works on the theme of car/cinema by Triennaleartists. The works change in a 10-day rhythm.

The Moviemento Summer Cinema was shown in 2010 onthe roof of the parking garage (Level 14) under the stars, thus

offering not only the film program, but also unusual and at-mospheric views across Linz and the outlying Mühlviertel. Be-fore every screening a Triennale film program curated byChristine Dollhofer (Crossing Europe) was shown.

Triennale Linz 1.0 – is an exhibition format newly establis-hed in Austria. Together the State Gallery Linz, the LEN-TOS Art Museum Linz & OK »Offenes Kulturhaus«Upper Austria show a representative cross-sectionof the current Austrian art scene, positioningLinz as a new center of Austrian contem-porary art. !"

! www.triennalelinz.at! www.moviemento.at

HÖHENRAUSCH-BridgePhotos: Triennale Linz 1.0

Summer Cinema under the stars

International [Unusual] Solutions

The local authority is taking legal action against ClaireWilliams – a 27-year-old assistant at a city law firm –

after she ignored dozens of parking tickets. She had a pile ofthe £60 penalty notices inside her black Volkswagen Beetle asit was parked in North Silver Street, and admitted there weremany more in her office.

The council will launch an action against her at AberdeenSheriff Court, just two days after agreeing a raft of strict newmeasures to crack down on rogue parkers. The council has thepower to impound and destroy persistent offenders’ cars –but a spokesman declined last night to say if that would beconsidered in this case.

Council leader John Stewart said: »I think once someonereaches a particular level of disregard for the rules, I don’tthink it is disproportionate to have these sanctions. I cer-tainly think (taking Ms Williams to court) is the right actionto take. We should be pursuing people to the maximum, par-ticularly when they have substantial sums like that.«

Ms Williams works as an assistant at Lindsay and Kirk solicitors and estate agents in Huntly Street and lives at Pit-medden. She said yesterday: »I cannot afford parking. I can-not afford anything. I have some debt problems and, to betotally honest, parking fines were not at the front of mymind. I used to live in Aberdeen and I had a parking permitbut I moved to Pitmedden and couldn’t use it any more. Ihave kept just about all of the tickets and have photocopiesof them. I have almost all of them at my office. I have paidsome of them and I have kept the paperwork – I understoodit was about £18,000 of fines.« Ms Williams, who is originallyfrom Aberdeen, added she had been in contact with the

council and planned to pay the fines. Last night, her homewas deserted, with no black Beetle in the drive. Neighboursat Pitmedden’s Croftland said they were astonished by thenumber of parking fines involved. One man said: »It’s outra-geous. I believe she works with a legal firm, and that makesit even worse.«

Another neighbour said: »I have seen her coming andgoing in her Beetle, but only know her to say ‘Hello’ to. Itseems incredible anyone could build up that amount in un-paid parking fees. Maybe she will have to sell her car – butthat wouldn’t be enough to pay it back.«

It was revealed earlier this year that the local authority isdue more than £2million in unpaid fines from hundreds ofmotorists, with one Aberdeen driver alone racking up 300parking tickets. Opposition Labour councillor Willie Youngsaid people would be »horrified« by the level of outstandingfines. »It is absolutely ridiculous for one person to have somany tickets,« he said. »The ordinary citizens of Aberdeenwho pay to park their cars will be horrified so many ticketshave been issued to this person. They will also question whythe city council has allowed such a situation to develop wit-hout, it would appear, anything being done about it.«

Councillors also agreed that the £60 fines should be increa-sed to £80, with the introduction of the new charge dependenton the publication of revised Scottish Government guidelines.In Aberdeen, illegal parkers currently face a £60 fine, whichcan be reduced to £30 if it is paid within two weeks, but risesto £90 if it is has not been paid within 63 days. !"

by Calum Ross and Alistair Beaton! www.pressandjournal.co.uk

Aberdeen driver faces £18,000 bill for parkingCouncil goes to court over woman’s pile of unpaid tickets

Parking enforcementin France?Seen on 13th August 2010 in Colmar: after stopping on the roadside for a short break, the driver, on returning, of the city tourist train found a parking ticket issued by the police municipal behind the windscreen wipers.


Photo: private

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ProSpects


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is published by Maenken Kommunikation GmbH,Cologne/Germany, in cooperation with the European Parking Association,Richartzstr. 10, 50667 Cologne/Germanywww.europeanparking.eu

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Parking trend international

The 3rd Middle East Parking SymposiumAs the leading forum for parking in the region the 3rd Middle East ParkingSymposium has moved to The Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC),one of world’s leading fair buildings worldwide.

With 12 Halls totalling 55,000 square metres (180,000 square feet), Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC) is the largest exhibition venue in the Middle East.

EPA Annual General Meeting24th September 2010Liverpool, UK

BPA Annual Conference6th October, 2010London, UK!www.britishparking.co.uk

The 3rd Middle East Parking Symposium10-12th October 2010Abu Dhabi National Exhibi-tion Centre, UAE !www.parking-me.com

NPA's 59th Annual Convention and ExpositionBoston, USA11th-14th October 2010!www.npapark.org/events_convention.php

3rd Iberian Seminar20th-22nd October 2010Albufeira, Portugal!www.iparkseminar.com

IPA Annual Chairmans Lunch4th November 2010Burlington Hotel, Dublin, Ireland!www.parkingireland.ie

Australian Parking Convention7th-9th November 2010 Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre in Darling Harbour!www.apc2010.com.au

201115th European Congress of the European Parking Association»Parking: The new deal«14th - 16th September 2011Lingotto Congress CenterTurino, Italy!www.epacongress.eu

Calen

dar

The Middle East has been described asthe world’s newest parking market and

the growth of the Middle East Parking Sym -posium (MEPS) since it’s inception in 2008 isa reflection of this industry’s de-velopment in the region. To ac-commodate this growth andmaintain its position as the lea-ding forum for parking in theMiddle East, MEPS has moved to a new venuefor 2010, The Abu Dhabi National ExhibitionCentre (ADNEC), a state of the art venue, riva-ling that of any exhibition centre in the world.

Now into it's 3rd edition MEPS has two suc-cessful and sold out shows behind it and the events growth over this period can beseen as a reflection of how quickly the par-

king industry is growing in theMiddle East. The Middle EastParking Symposium is featuringboth the leading regional compa-nies and international manu-

facturers as well as a three-day conferencewith the focus on the issues facing the indus-try in the ME region. !"

! www.parking-me.com

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DNEC

8090261 pti 0310 layout 1 - parken aktuell · gatwick airport contract apcoa is delighted to...

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