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BIBLIOGXAPHJ BIBLIOGRAPI~~GAL, me =S&AR& n m ' , . ., .
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, . . . Theinterior of the Men. THE MEIGNONI~ .. . ,, F ~ & ~ , o u $ ~ ~ , , S ~ . @ % ~ p n . ,.,.. . . : ' : I . _ . ., . a house in P~ussia. It is a m
E. K. %xcss , , . . the Germanic WohnrWlhau ,%. , Slavic addition to-the origii
.The earliest Mwno+te gio&eets.&%ist& &adai-bu&;thfpa.tms - ' brick stove Or&iwEy,. fh of temporary shelters. 8f tbq, the log cab'm, was probably arlopt& - Before the adveW&:t&U from native Camdh settler$., Its 'log walli: wq. &aster4 a n booth fiiQeS swalled black ki*.s:sm with a mixture of lime, &$YOt, hayor sb~w, and W m~ mas-~wbi& the Mennonite f@i~hmse b was also used as a flobr &&f. More frequent, hoyevw, were: twdbaer' for cooking, andtk&:Slavic
chimney in the N w ., : crude shelters which WbePnkhown to t h e 'in Russia astheir Meanonite: ~ .. ~ . ,,a names indicate: Semlii (cop~p$ed from Z~nliaaka) w d , Z e k i or Saaii.', While in Russia'tbc a A Semlin was notliing eke tiuf'& qu$ and sod :ht. w& mwn to . m y 8 . bricks, in Canada.:pn&ers early settlers in the~peil&r?itie:.it w$!sthe usi~$,,for@ ad0ptd.b~ thi Wast: + exclusively. As in:tE %ad: Reserve Mennonitqs. T e Sara, on the other hand, was . . *c upon a low stone-fhn&~ East Reserve w h w mIum h b e r was available., It -=ode . " , :' wooden blo&s,s a g 4 o ...&& .of out, 26 by 26 feet, a fhatched roof r e s k .MI on. tht ground. Th6. were covered with.@ tan prairie grasses-and reeds prodded, e,xqIlent thatching, wUcL is said fo. ~. painted. ~h~ red~bnam ?in,
have lasted up to fifty year& The f ron tawes t . on &.the . b & i i n - aratedfronmtcl * t h c ~ t s ; - w T i i r e ~ ~ T z t w p j a r ?? .@, ug f m i n g .two' . . made of boards.
rooms 16 by 9 feet each dt!i windows in fhe &. wJI. Alth h both,? set little square di@!b#p'~% 3 , . ' dire&yuupnrthey@k+ind types provided fair &ielter during the wintq, t h p we~-.&le ta e g in the spring from rising grom8 water and met? qg&- -%, infoet , - . ' " : . posts. The ceSlingr.&Weeb$ complains: 'There wassuId,ent timber to uild md , h . h w s r q . . .. :' grain, while that L&:th@i but no!-They had to build llke in Russia."l . , . . . ~ . . ,. . above it was used only for
Soon aftemids the'MMenno+t.2 besn to b ~ d ~ ~ u ~ : ~ ~ h o u s e s ,. hand, always sho+&..'@i oi the prototype of which can be trace8 back fo eqb.G@M;FrfSSb. Q&.ide. : indicates that it ~ ~ ' c & $ n f c of the native Indian and l?skihri cult@r@~tb$ Me<~nie.housd: thw, iepre- were alpady substifa~6l in"k sents perhaps one bf the most, anci&t ,tn&~njen&~o£~&& ,wlk*e " '
later also for stabYe-&id !a<d anywhere on the A m e w continent. Its e ' 4 ~ l a a h;d ;bean br*& . , was the, so-called @c%@ '(Ern by colonists from the N~therlands to t t l ~ ~ F & _ e ~ t w ~ : + c : it.W facing the barnyal, dfek:+& undergone some modificati~. It conisis qsep.~lJy .of,:.&& distiplct other parts of the % m e e TI buildings, namely, residence, stable, barn. T b . a n lwelp,wn&heded I rived from the Ew@&+:
. I in several different ixrangemetits, JIwys 9;iy .the. i w i m - . ~ gnl: . . . ' : pal'ts, each f~rtifi&.*:~~thf unit, at times evenresembling tlie Germnic,articularly Saxon, E M , : ~;, L , . and always painted~l&bx.. z': which includes resid~ce, e l $ , and ba~n under s., sjwle raof. M.hiEB-& In Manitoba dfi one form of the Menfi~ntte %b~@$h 'Ianttdia the whole S&E(&F~ Leonere&' . ~
' two of which werh .!-Shaped by a single roof with a$@ht wdperfedly ,even.gable,thus pmsat;.g the- differed only in si*; %be sn illusion of a typical :Bhh<j,'ii~ ?tq Frisiw prototype the hri&seiwoi.or , , - : Reserve? or at le&:a&pt'ed residence is distinctly.~@ller t h q ~ the ni.jdelh.rp w@&ingthe In , . . substantial buildings. .The:-! West Frisia, residenceand~stable are, combine$ &,a T-shape. Othea . . . .. shape, yet whichev~r,ty@$w binations are found in the Hollander village of Polaqdd W ~ s t P&& . .- village.8 In a Menndtc S1E For instance, the bani is often attached to one side of the s tableEo~,@ . street (usually on &othh:fIqs . . a rectangle with it, or 'ha barns are attached to either side of the stable . , ... . -. giving rise to a peculiar cross-like shape. .Bere the mofs~)ven the i n d i ~ d d . : 4 This mmbinationi.as .f&t units are often d i i c t l y ditrere&t iqheight Nons of,.these~'traliants, Hodbl of the Rwi-Gnadirut.p.snm ever, are found among theManitoba Mennonites? membIYIct.
. , 5 This construction map havt
1 P. W. Toews. "A& ni&yi,.Lcbra,* ~d@inbech~osr, SaQt m; D, Oct. 4, & Ukraine where the s*; lptp 1 1 . 1944.
. . , , (0Porar).
2 Cf. Bnmo Shier. Dclr deutsck Hw, b 11. Spmert Dis Volkr&,,,,du f 6 Thir aafay me%- &yd.~B (1934). . , . . 7 To our k n ~ w l e d ~ e nnlv on(
' . cmnplrteda new d
..... 8. ~ ~ f b r m i t y Of t* w. . . . . I " . : . A : 'SWII I cola* uad to p&t:tl
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I
a1qw w pu!qaq 'laqlo qsra moq asuels!p jenba un $e (sap!s q~oq uo Lllensn) laasjs ~dmuuo~ a1 aae[[!A aqi Suo[e dn paug alanl sasuoq aql 'aScll!~ a)!uouuayU e UI 8-I+ .=Pnrd a[oqnt e lo$ uno~!un sdemle SEM )! uasoqs se.n ad4 JanaqsiqM Jan 'Aeqs -moo law -A ~ql urql uc~wruoz alolu qsnm sa.u adeqs-I aqL .s>mp[!nq lepuqqns uI iS1qw alour Xq paseida~ ia)el pue sdep la
58 THE MENNONITE QUARTERLY MZVIEW - ; . . . C - ~ ; , . , > / ; ' , ~ , , , . ! ?.~J. ,
a wooden fence and &iia& ~ o i e r s and a fhnr trees.. F& a h e s t e a d from the street, on? would find t# r ~ d e n c c , ~ o p ~ ~ k w h i l i & e w b c a n c e to the spadous-barnyard was on the tight-han stde In the I-shaped type, the shorter side of the residence was turned toward the street so that the
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oarlor." Of the simvle furniture. the Schlofbonb is of 'hd. kicPa*e- , > *-.. -., :T._ .*..7,cl r . . - - ,~. -.. -. . .... .. ~
it served as a B~lich:.Whtfe a e ' n i g ~ ~t p e n n w ~ M e r 6.b .. and used as a :&&. waxs k&& t$d re &r he;. & a t for an old German clock and priirted or ~&rQiit.c-d'~@te'v&~'or German proverbs. All windows were equbed:&h w~94.R.~&&&@-kepF %hSY - , ..:. ,. ~
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closed in the w m 6. ' - . . . . In the w W @ e r v e e ~ a I y a few ,psihe old buildings ran still'be+oknd.
partimlarly the.honie of Mr. G. G. ,Knorneben .in :$he town of Stein&&. In the West Resave; 'Wthe other hadl, ~ w r a l atmost maplet* villages can be seem, amo% %-. Sonkuerfefd, T&dbo~ha,: &nland, RhinfelB, Chortitz, Schandet& and Ostmiek. 'The Oii'@nal a q w n t of &e furniture, however.,"& preservZd only @@So&?y. An easy-chair .or wen. a chesterfield hwoften b+ a:dded $3 wellas aU:&iids.of.sheaw hrie+&rac:~ while colored dendarp6:& covq tl@%alls. i>':mpny.$&q addjtional bed- rooms have beir-built W&the xttic. Nevertbl@,.qen .today, the interior
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9 Occasiooalb the sununcr kitcbeo ahcrc a h t& meals are taken during the (air row, can be fowid otfthc bthdr &%E d thf houq 6 c . t h t i ~ y d . p t o : .. '
10 A well-preserved villa& with T-shaped architecture is Sommafeld in -ths West Reserve As reason for this deviation from tllr more common I-$has ,- mentioned pmMioa horn v r t h windsIand hodrif66 iince this'%lkgr is, $id au+m a north-south d i d o n . Tins q b n a t ~ o o ,may, h u m , be Clniobt "
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P P ~ ~ I T + ;TO .q&$ER Wt~o Exrmm?m~a 1.
Descpl&p!## tf 8 United State~&&.@~d.~$a #. to lawn some-prttculars foreparents, q<:t&xet q B
1. On& 8 . f ~ EM&
f a ~ e other so~ '$a"pe , to co~.ngs. C r W h s na,z In khejdt the-i&tritam?e woold be a chi+f+fmm-f& of the mag~St~at&,eau~.o. of semnd and t h i i w-pis, Thus there are i f s ~ ~ F B n t respeft to the &m&.
2. Even gteatg Wi ily mms. OG1&=.1x'@&t
Op &Wg&*e ! u n t J t h e v d h a l f ftht a6 %@ OBaken, 7w.$i.6flh arises : , what * wqp,
ng a homestea& '
ile the entrance : I-shaped type. .eet so that thJ- up directly
ad covered the he axis of the e was from the dence also was reparated from I was connect- e to the house, se, next to the xger one was 1 housing the 1 in Southern I be seen, in- .en house, and merdal wheat residence in-
,o followed a it0 the Grosse ster bedroom, well as maid e was divided and Kmmer he stable. Fi- summer as a !. 'In daytime be pulled out
s. or ~ e r m a n . kept tightly
tin be found. . 2f Steinbach.
plete villages I& Reinfeld, :ment of the hair or wen , bric-a-brac. ditional bed- the interior
en dminp th$ vard gate. berfeld in the'. ,' law typ a* .'. is laid out in ,.
r and Vwdcr- nrWr eVmb, ,
PRBREQUISITES m ED&Z~RG* W N TBZ A'Npsm~s OF TIE MENNOKITX? ~ .
% S O . . . E N I G R A ~ 'Pi(& TX@ L d w ~ ~ 1 & , . ~ 2 i ' & V TQ TBE UN8TKD a-h- STATES ZN l&. NJO . X A ~ ~ R I
KAYbrco . - Descendants of the, MmtlenLes and..Quaka who e m i g r a t e p {he . -'
- W t e d States toward the end of the 17th century $~e.e]$r& e wash J ? ,&learn some pu(lcularsabruc tMr ankeWrs, thrr'oti& pr.ents. and .~
eparents. B& there are manp&c&ies inY@te+y of$u~Ji +exarch. .~ . . . . I. Only a fcar cW*h baoks of"the period ~f emi$~ation .have, bgn, preserved Theset$iently M?f big'g@[email protected]+ scaqty-in their data that i t is irnpossib s ta:B&mnide iamjljrwnqectibq fmm ,&+ There fore other sour= have tKbe &wn u*.; but ZH&. toa, have their ,ahor& comings. Crefeld has nu archives at ~ l . ~ ~ the rjod @wr to.1800. In Rhcydt the inheribace Wok-& *e..Qeriqd I&-94 & miss&, which^ would be a &id:sodrw"&k thiXhni'ieS 'livitlg there. Inheritance book of the magistrate's court of Munchen-Gkdbach are extant only in &e forq of second and third copies, which..are greatly $bbrepiated@n @e original,, Thus there are important KM-tiS-in the wiy of invesbg@top e v g ~ in respect to the sources.
2. Even greater t&n wg are %. dii%331sies :$hat. rcsukfrom. the fam- ily names. Onlf.f.5~ &milies &,.a &mil&! ;n&e.b the m a sense; 'for example, Op dm:(;riref, Strep?? 0thq.qames did not ora~d i&"@ ; until the second half of flie 17th. &tury erAe ,h&ning Bb W tW, *ti&- . .
' ' . . + . as von Aaken, von Eiten, von Beckclath, mn B&M. Here the question arises : what were these people called. previously?