8 myth elma and rama

8/18/2019 8 Myth Elma and Rama

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PPsUnesa

FOKLORE

Lecturer : Dr. Ali Mustafa


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group MEMBERS

group MEMBERS

PPsUnesa

RAHMAD

NIM. 1578

ELMA YANTI D

NIM. 157835449


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PPsUnesa

MYTHS


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PPsUnesa

Myth means a kind of story—either fromancient or modern sources whose actions

implicitly symbolize some profound truthabout human or natural existence


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PPsUnesa MYTHS

Tra itional !"t# tells us stories of go s or #eroes$ t#eir %attle$ t#eir li&es$ t#eir lo&esan often t#eir su'ering all on a s(ale of !agni)(en(e larger t#an our life

M"t# often tries to e*plain uni&ersal natural p#eno!ena$ li+e t#e p#ases of t#e !oonor t#e turning of t#e seasons.Ps"(#ologists %elie&e t#at !"t# e*presses our ,is#es$ rea!s$ an nig#t!ares.-#et#er ,e %elie&e t#e !"t# or not$ ,e re(ogni e t#eir ps"(#ologi(al po,er.

T#e (#ara(teristi( of !"t# is t#at it (an %e %elie&e .An i!portant (on(ept in un erstan ing !"t# is t#e ar(#et"pe$ a %asi( i!age$(#ara(ter$ situation$ or s"!%ol t#at appears so often in literature an legen t#at ite&o+es a eep uni&ersal response. /T#e 0ree+ root of archetype !ea

pattern23 T#e ter! ar(#et"pe ,as fro! t#e ,ritings of t#e S,iss ps"(#ologist$ 4arl 5ung ,#ofor!ulate a t#eor" of t#e 1(olle(ti&e un(ons(ious2$ a set of pri!al !e!ories(o!!on to t#e entire #u!an ra(e.One po,erful ar(#et"pe seen a(ross !an" (ultures is t#e e!on6go ess ,#oi!!o%ili es !en %" lo(+ing t#e! into a eat#l" tran(e or in t#e !ost pri!iti&e for!sof t#e !"t#$ turning t#e! to stone /Me usa3


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PPsUnesa HISTORY OF MYTH

The Paleolithic Period: The Mythology of theHunters (c. !!!! to "!!! #$%&

The 'eolithic Period: The Mythology of theFar er (c. "!!! to )!!! #$%&

The %arly $i*ili+ation (c. )!!! to "!! #$%&

The ,-ial ,ge (c "!! to !! #$%&

The Post ,-ial Period (c. !! #$% to c./0!! $%&The 1reat 2estern Transfor ation(c. /0!! to !!!&

%3

R


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PPsUnesa

TH% P,L%OLITHI$ P%RIO4: TH% MYTHOLO1Y OFTH% H5'T%RS ($. !!!! TO "!!! #$%&

People (oul not gro, t#eir o,n foo $ %ut epen e entirel" on #untingan gat#ering.M"t#olog" ,as as essential to t#eir sur&i&al as t#e #unting ,eapons ans+ills t#at t#e" e&ol&e in or er to +ill t#eir pre" an a(#ie&e a egree(ontrol o&er t#eir en&iron!ent.

T#e" (onsi ere s+" as t#eir 0o T#e" tell stories a%out #u!ans %e(o!ing ani!al an &i(e &ersa7 to +ill aani!al is to +ill a frien $ so #unting %e(a!e a sa(re a(ti&it".Logos ,as e&elope at t#is earl" stageLogos !eans t#e !ental a(ti&it" ,e use ,#en ,e ,ant to !a+e t#ings#appen in t#e e*ternal ,orl 7 ,#en ,e organi e our so(iet" or e&elopte(#nolog".-#ere !"t# loo+s %a(+ to t#e i!aginar" ,orl of t#e sa(re ar(#et"pe orto a lost para ise$ logos forges a#ea $ (onstantl" tr"ing to is(o&erso!et#ing ne,$ to re)ne ol insig#ts$ (reate in&entions$ an a(#ie&e agreater (ontrol o&er t#e en&iron!ent.


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PPsUnesa

The 'eolithic Period: TheMythology of the Far er (c. "!!!

to )!!! #$%& T#e people #a&e is(o&ere t#at t#e eart# ,as an apparentl"ine*#austi%le sour(e of nouris#!ent.

T#e" regar e far!ing as a sa(re a(t.

8n earl" neolit#i( !"t#olog"$ t#e #ar&est ,as seen as t#e fruit ofa #ieroga!"$ a sa(re !arriage9 t#e soil ,as fe!ale$ t#e see si&ine se!en9 an t#e rain t#e se*ual (ongress of #ea&en an

eart#.8t ,as (o!!on for !en an ,o!en to engage in ritual se* ,#ent#e" plante t#eir (rops.

T#e se*ual i!ager" of planting i not !ean t#at peoplee*perien(e agri(ulture as a ro!anti( lo&e a'air ,it# nature.

Tilling t#e )el s ,as a((o!plis#e onl" after #ar $ %rea+%rea+ing la%or t#e sa!e as #u!an repro u(tion ,#i(# is #ig#l"angerous for !ot#er an (#il .

Agri(ulture le to a ne,$ if :uali)e $ opti!is!. T#e see #a toie in or er to pro u(e grain7 pruning ,as a(tuall" #elpful to

plants$ an en(ourage ne, gro,t#. T#e !"t#s an rituals of passage #elpe people to a((ept t#eir!ortalit"$ to pass on to t#e ne*t stage$ an to #a&e t#e (ourage

to (#ange an gro,.


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PPsUnesa

The early ci*ili+ation (c. )!!! to "!! 6ce&

8n a%out ;


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PPsUnesa

TH% ,7I,L ,1% ($ "!! TO !! #$%&

T#e 0er!an p#ilosop#er Karl 5aspers (alle t#is perio t#e =A*ial Age>%e(ause it pro&e to %e i!portant in t#e spiritual e&elop!ent of #u!anit".8t !ar+s t#e %eginning of religion as ,e +no, it.?e, religious an p#ilosop#i(al s"ste!s e!erge 9 4onfu(ianis! an

Taois! in 4#ina7 Bu #is! an Hin uis! in 8n ia7 !onot#eis! in t#eMi le East an 0ree+ rationalis! in Europe.Mortal an go s ,ere no longer s#are t#e sa!e nature7 it ,as no longerpossi%le to %elie&e t#at go s an !en eri&e fro! t#e sa!e i&inesu%stan(e.Ea(# of t#e A*ial !o&e!ents a opte a slig#tl" i'erent position. So!e,ere against ,it# (ertain !"t#i(al tren s7 ot#ers ,ere on t#e (ontrar".8n t#is age$ to un erstan t#e true !eaning of t#e !"t#$ "ou !ust not onl"perfor! t#e rites ,#i(# gi&e it e!otional resonan(e$ %ut "ou !ust also%e#a&e in t#e (orre(t et#i(al !anner.8n 0ree(e$ t#e A*ial Age ,as fuelle %" logos

T#ere ,as a (ontra i(tion in -estern t#oug#t. 0ree+ logos see!e tooppose !"t#olog"$ %ut p#ilosop#ers (ontinue to use !"t#$ eit#er seeing itas t#e pri!iti&e forerunner of rational t#oug#t or regar ing it asin ispensa%le to religious is(ourse


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PPsUnesa

TH% POST ,7I,L P%RIO4 ($. !! #$%TO $. /0!! $%&

T#e status of !"t# re!aine %asi(all" t#e sa!e as A*ial perio untilt#e si*teent# (entur" 4E.

8n t#e rest of t#e #istor"$ -estern people #a alrea " %egun to )n!"t#olog" pro%le!ati(.Hin us feel !ore at #o!e in t#e ar(#et"pal ,orl of !"t#.Bu #is! is a eepl" ps"(#ologi(al religion$ an )n s !"t#olog"$an earl" for! of ps"(#olog"$ :uite (ongenial. 8n 4onfu(ianis!$ ritual#as al,a"s %een !ore i!portant t#an !"t#i(al narrati&es. But 5e,s$4#ristians an Musli!s %elie&e t#at t#eir 0o is a(ti&e in #istor" an(an %e e*perien(e in a(tual e&ents in t#is ,orl .

B" t#e ele&ent# (entur"$ Musli!s an 5e,s #a returne to t#e ol&ie, of t#e (o!ple!entarit" of !"t#olog" an reason /logos3.Mean,#ile$ t#e 4#ristians #a starte to lose tou(# ,it# t#e!eaning of !"t#.


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PPsUnesa THEORIE O! M"TH

THEORIEO! M"TH

RAT8O?ALMYTHS

FU?4T8O?ALMYTH

STRU4TURAL MYTH

PSYHOLO084AL MYTH


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PPsUnesa

RAT8O?AL MYTHS

RATIONAL MYTH SAID THAT MYTHS

WERE CREATED FOR EXPLANING

NATURAL EVENTS AND POWER


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PPsUnesa FU?4T8O?AL MYTH

FUNCTIONAL MYTHS WERE CREATED

AS KIND OF SOCIAL CONTROL


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PPsUnesa TR#$T#R%& M"TH

STUCTURAL MYTH WAS PATTERNED

AFTER HUMAN MIND AND HUMAN

NATURE


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PPsUnesa ' "HO&O(I$%& M"TH

The psycholo)ical myth theorystates how myths are based onhuman emotion


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PPsUnesa !#*$TIO* O! M"TH

MYST84AL FU?4T8O?

SO48OLO084AL FU?4T8O?

4OSMOLO084AL FU?4T8O?

PEDA0O084AL FU?4T8O?


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PPsUnesa

$ *$ I *

M"t# !eans a +in of stor"@eit#er fro! an(ient or !o ernsour(es ,#ose a(tions i!pli(itl" s"!%oli e so!e profountrut# a%out #u!an or natural e*isten(e. T#e #istor" of !"t#,ere starte fro! t#e Paleolit#i( Perio 9 T#e M"t#olog" of t#eHunters /(.


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PPsUnesa

T # a n + " o u

8 myth elma and rama

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