7th chapter 33 notes

7/28/2019 7th Chapter 33 Notes

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33.1 Intro.

Age of Exploration lasted from 1418-1620.

What were all of the explorers looking for?

Most were looking for a westward sea route to the Indies.


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33.2 What Were the Reasons for the

Age of Exploration?What Were the Motives for Exploration?

What was the MAIN reason?

One of the main reasons was to find new trade routes to Asia.

Muslims and Italians controlled the flow of trade.

What were some of the other reasons for exploration? Explorers also wanted fame, wealth, and adventure.

European countries wanted to claim new lands for wealth.

Europeans also wanted to spread Christianity.


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What Were the Advances in Knowledge and

Technology?

There was an advance in cartography after Ptolemys ancient bookwas translated into Latin.

What is cartography?

Discoveries gave cartographers new info to work with. By 1500globes b/g to appear, and maps clearly showing N. and S. America.

Mercator b/g making maps with improved lines of longitude andlatitude.

Whats longitude and latitude?

Spanish and Portuguese b/g building caravels with lateen sails.

What are the advantages to the caravel and the lateen sail?

B/g using improved compass and astrolabe.

Whats an astrolabe do?

Improved weapons gave explorers an advantage over nativepopulations.


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Ptolemys map


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Globe from 1492


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Mercators map from 1587


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Portuguese Caravel


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33.3 How Did Portugal Begin the Age

of Exploration? Key figure was Henry the Navigator (who was not a navigator).

Then why was he called Henry the Navigator?

He funded many voyages and built a school of navigation.

Focused on the west coast of Africa to continue crusades, find gold, andget in on trade.

In 1488 Dias sailed around the tip of Africa. 1497 Vasco da Gama sailed to India.

1500 Cabral sailed to Brazil and claimed it for Portugal.

Henry the Navigator Bartolomeu Dias Vaco da Gama Pedro Cabral


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The route of Dias


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Route of Vasco da Gama


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What Was the Impact of Portuguese

Exploration? What do you think they got from Africa?

They brought back gold and slaves from Africa.

They brought back spices, jewels and silk from India.

What was the biggest impact of Portuguese exploration?

Their control of the Indian Ocean broke the hold the Muslims and Italianshad on Asian trade, and as a result, prices dropped.

Portugal b/g to colonize in Brazil where they set up sugar plantations.

Guess what they began importing?

They then b/g importing slaves from Africa.


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33.4 What Were Spains Early

Explorations?Who Were the Key Explorers?

Who funded Columbus voyage?

Ferdinand and Isabella funded Columbus voyage west to find a shorter route toAsia.

Columbus set sail in 1492 and landed in Central America, believing he had foundthe Indies.

Why do you think natives were called Indians? Magellan believed he could hit the Indies by sailing through a strait in S. America.

Is there a strait?

In 1519 he found the strait at the tip of S. America and continued west to Asia.

Ferdinand and Isabella Christopher Columbus Ferdinand Magellan


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Columbus 4 voyages


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How long did it take to cross the Pacific?

It took him 3 months to cross the Pacific.

Magellan was killed in the Philippines, but hiscrew finally made it back to Spain after 3 yearsat sea to b/c the first to circumnavigate theglobe.


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Magellans Voyage


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What Was the Impact of Early Spanish

Exploration?

Magellan found a westward route to the Indies and provedColumbus had found a new world.

What do you think Spain got out of it?

Spain earned wealth by settlements in S. America and got

new crops. What do you think was the impact on the native

populations?

Devastating effects on native populations (disease) andforced conversion.

Guess what Spain imported to work the sugar plantations? Spain also imported African slaves to new settlements.


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Spanish and Portuguese Exploration


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Settlement patterns


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33.5 What Was the Later Spanish

Exploration and Conquest?

Spain turned to Conquistadors to conquer andexplore the New World.

Which empire was located in Mexico?

In 1519 Cortez conquered the Aztec capitalTenochtitlan, and took Montezuma prisoner.

By 1520, Cortez had destroyed the Aztec Empire.

Had did Cortez do it with so few men? 4 reasons for defeat: 1. thought Cortez was a god;

2. Indian allies; 3. Better weaponry; 4. Disease


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Hernan Cortez


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Typical conquistadors


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Typical Aztec warrior


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Meeting with Montezuma


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With Dona Marina (the Malinche)


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The conquest


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In 1532, Pizarro conquered the Incas.

How was he able to do it?


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Machu Picchu (Incan Empire)


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What Was the Impact of the Later Spanish

Exploration and Conquest?

For a time, Spain b/c one of the richest

countries in the world.

Spain got gold, silver, and new crops.

How could all this new wealth actually hurt

Spain?

Spain experienced inflation and money was

spent wastefully.


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Who got what?


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33.6 What Was European Exploration

in North America?Who Were the Key Explorers?

England, France, and the Netherlands all sent expeditions to N.America.

J. Cabot, sailing for England, trying to find the N.W. Passage,reached Canada in 1497 and claimed the region.

Verrazano, sailing for France reached the coast of N. Carolina in1524 and made claims to the region.

John Cabot Giovanni da Verrazano Henry Hudson


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H. Hudson explored N. America in 1609 sailing

for the Dutch, also looking for the N.W.P.

He came back, sailing for the English and was

castaway by his crew.


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Poor Henry Hudson


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What Was the Impact of European Exploration

in N. America?

There was no gold, but guess what they did find No gold, but explorers did find good fishing, and furs.

What happened to Spain?

Exploration led to a war b/t England and Spain.

In 1588 England defeated the Spanish Armada, which marked the end of

Spanish domination in Europe.


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33.7 What Was the Impact of Exploration on

European Commerce and Economies?

Increased amt of goods, raw material, and precious metals inEurope.

Resulted in the growth of capitalism (investing money for profit)and a market economy (prices set by the open market).

How did exploration result in capitalism?

How did it result in a market economy? Also led to a rise in cottage industry where people hired out their

own labor for a wage (esp. important in textile industry).

Why did exploration result in a cottage industry?


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Also, led to rise in mercantilism where countries triedto export as many finished goods as possible, whileimporting as few goods as possible.

How did exploration lead to a rise in mercantilism?

7th chapter 33 notes

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