Slide 1

Tirumantiram and Saiva Siddhanta PhilosophySiddhantarathinam Dr. S. Sundarabalu ,M.A; M.A; Ph.DVisiting Professor,ICCRs Tamil Chair Institute of Oriental Studies, Dept. of IndologyJagiellonian University,Krakow-Poland sunder_balu@yahoo.co.in

Medical Logo

Sivalingam-

The lingam (also, linga, ling, Shiva linga, Shiv ling, Sanskrit , liga, meaning "mark", "sign", or "inference") is a representation of the Hindu deity Shiva used for worship in temples. In traditional Indian society, the linga is rather seen as a symbol of the energy and potentiality of the God.The lingam is often represented alongside the yoni, a symbol of the goddess or of Shakti, female creative energy. The union of lingam and yoni represents the "indivisible two-in-oneness of male and female, the passive space and active time from which all life originates".

lingam and Snake

8

8

CN ICN IIICN VIICN IXCN XICN IICN IVCN VICN VIIICN XCN XIICN VParts of Cranial Nerves5/28/20149

5/28/201410

5/28/201411

5/28/201412

7. Crown Center Top of head towards back; Connection to divinity, spirit, bliss; Drive to transcend.6. Third Eye Slightly above midpoint between eyes; Intuition, metaphysical wisdom, stillness; Drive to know.5. Throat Chakra Center of throat; Self-expression, speaking truth; Drive to communicate.4. Heart Chakra Center of chest at breastbone; Love, compassion, beauty, joy, balance; Drive to connect.3. Navel Chakra Just below navel; Personal power, self-definition, boundaries; Drive to act successfully.2. Sacral Chakra Internal reproductive organs; Sensuality, creativity, abundance, passion; Drive to create.1. Root Chakra Tailbone; Connection to earth, nature, physicality; Drive to survive.5/28/201413Medical Logo

Saiva Siddhanta Texts

SaivismThe wordHinduismis a common name which denotes many Indian religions, including Saivism. It is not a religion by itself. Saivism or Saiva religion is the dominant religion of the Hindu fold.Saiva Siddhanta(Saiva Siththaanthamin Tamil) is the philosophy of Saiva religion which considers Lord Siva as its primary deity. Siddhanta means the final conclusion (reached after taking into consideration all other important views). It is the popular philosophical system of the Tamils of South India, based onSaiva Agamas, Upanishds, ancient Tamil works,ThirumuraisandMeykanda Sastraworks.

Who am I ? Is there a God? What are the natures of God, Soul and the cosmos? What is my relationship with God and the worldly things? What is the reason for happenings in life over which one has no control? Such questions often arise in any philosophical system. Saiva Siddhanta gives plausible answers and explanations to them.Eternal EntitiesSaiva Siddhanta believes in the three eternal entities of God, Soul and Bondage (materials of bondage). These are calledPati, PasuandPasamrespectively in Siddhanta philosophy.Patimeans Lord (of the souls) who is God.Pasammeans bondage.Pasumeans that which is under bondage. All things known and perceived are included in these three categories.According to Saiva Siddhanta God is one,Souls are manyandPasamconsists of three impurities (malams) calledAnava(anavam), Karma(kanmam)andMaya(mayai). Like Pati who is real and eternal, Pasu and Pasam are also real and eternal.

Existence of God and other eternal entities is established by various epistemological means. Logical arguments, based on sense perception, inference and scripture are important means of proving their existence.Anything that has a beginning, existence and decay is made by someone. It has a maker. Our physical body including the mental and psychological equipments, the world and the worldly things had a beginning. They exist for a certain period of time and then decay. They, therefore, have a maker who is God. Existence of God is thus established by inference. The existence of other entities is also established similarly by various means.

God:Siva(Sivam) is the name given to their God by the Saivites. Siva means One who is perfect and /or auspicious. His inherent nature is wisdom. He is with infinite love to benefit the souls. It is His Grace which is part of Him. Like the sun and its light, He remains inseparable with hisSakthywhich is Grace.Sakthyliterally means power or energy. He is omnipresent. The Tamil word for God, Kadavul, meaning One who resides outside and inside, indicates his omnipresence.

Soul: According to Saiva Siddhanta,Souls are many. No two persons or beings are alike. We may therefore, conclude that every living being has a soul of its own.Anmaanduyirare other names for soul. Soul has the capabilities to know, act and desire. These are called itsgnana sakthy,kriya sakthyandiccha sakthyrespectively. These capabilities are impaired by the associated entity calledanava. Soul has a dependant nature and behaves like the one on which it depends. When it depends on the worldly things, it behaves like them. When it depends on God, it behaves like a divine being. This nature of dependency is called in Tamil as Sarnthathan Vannamathal.

The most respected shaivite scriptures in thamiz the thirumuRais , were composed almost in the first millenium developed the in the thamiz people the spiritual nourishment. Based on these holy texts and developed on the fertility they made in the thought process gave rise to many philosophers dwelling in the highly complex question of the Supreme, soul and surroundings and their inter-relationship. Among them four are quite significant and are referred to as sandhAnak kuravargaL. The texts which are explanatory/ commentory texts of shiava sidhdhantha, that were written in this period of 12th to 14th century are called santhAna nulgal or meykaNda nUlgaL.

While the rest of the thirumuRais are singing the glory of Lord shiva, the nineth thirumuRai thirumanthiram is the one that deals in detail about the philosophy and yoga. These santhAna texts are absolutely dedicated for philosophical discussions. These texts analyse the various factors, logics and experiences, refute and support the various philosophies on the ground of raising and answering questions. These are excellent food for thought and are Shaiva sidhdhanthic philosophical tutorials. Tamil Shaivite Literature taalapuraanam and etc : 705 14 chaaththiram (shaastram)- guidelines or philosophical treatiseshttp://www.shaivam.org/siddhanta/san.htm

Saiva Siddhanta Texts Author1. (thiruvundhiyAr)thiruviyalUr uyya vandha dhEvanAyanAr2. (thirukkaLiRRup padiyAr) thirukkadavUr uyya vandha dhEvar 3. (shiva gnAna bodham) meykaNda sivam

4. (chivanyAna chiththiyAr) aruNandi chivAchchAriyAr 5. (irupA irupaqthu) 6. (chivap pirakAcham) umApati shivAchchAriyAr 7. (thiruvarut payan)8. (vinA veNpA) 9. (pORRip paqRodai) 10. (kodikkavi) 11. (nenychuvidu thUdhu) 12. (uNmai neRi viLakkam) 13. ( chaNkaRpa nirAkaraNam ) 14. (uNmai viLakkam)manavAchakaN kadandhArThe Core Saiva Siddhanta Texts - santhAna nulgaL / meykaNda nulgaL -

-Sivagnana Bodham1. , , .Because the world, consisting of things male, female and neuter, is subject to the three operations (production, maintenance, and dissolution), it is an entity produced (by an Agent).Having dissolved, it comes into being again because of Impurity. The end is the beginning, say the wise1. The world perceived to exist in forms male, female, and neuter undergoes production, maintenance, and dissolution; for, beside maintenance, production and dissolution also are seen.

http://www.shaivam.org/tamil/sansivae.pdf2. .

He, being one with souls and other than souls, abides in inseparable union with the Power, so that souls experience going and coming because of twofold works.

http://www.shaivam.org/english/sen-san-sivagnana-botham-jmnp.htm3. , , , , , , .

By saying that it is not, by saying my body, by knowing of the five senses, by knowledge when they are suppressed, by the absence of feeling and activity in sleep, by knowing when caused to know, (it is proved that) there is a soul in the body which is an instrument produced by Maya.

4. , , .FOURTH SUTRAThe soul is not one of the inner faculties. But being without knowledge owing to Innate Impurity, it is associated with them like a king with his ministers, and has five states.

5. .FIFTH SUTRAThough body, mouth, eye, nose (and ear) perceive by the help of the soul, they do not know. Like them, souls, (though they know), by the grace of the Peerless One in their knowing(do not know). They are like the iron in the presence of the magnetThe five senses perceive by the help of the soul: for unless the soul in union with them perceives, they cannot perceive. (a) When the soul like a king is there ruling the five senses, the five senses do not know the soul. The soul does not perceive unless it perceives in the senses; and if the soul does not perceive, the eye cannot see and the ear cannot hear.

7. , , SEVENTH SUTRA In the presence of the real all things are non-existent; so the real does not know (them).The non-real is not; so it cannot now(the real).(Therefore)that which knows both is the soul which is neither.

11. , .Like the soul which makes the seeing eye to see-in order that the soul may see, the Lord sees, and makes the soul to see. Therefore in unforgetting love the soul reaches the feet of Hara

Tirumantiram-Tirumular (Tamil : )Tirumantiram- Tirumoolar got initiated by his guru Nandhi devar, he lived for 3000 years and composed TirumandiramTirumular (Tamil: ) was a Tamil Shaivite mystic and writer, considered one of the sixty-three Nayanars and one of the 18 Siddhars. His main work, the Tirumantiram, which consists of over 3000 verses, forms a part of the key text of the Tamil Shaiva Siddhanta, the Tirumurai.Legend has it that Tirumlar was a travelling Shaiva saint and scholar from Kailash who used his yogic powers to transmigrate (To pass into another body after death) into the body of a southern cowherd, Mlan. He would wake up from a state of intense meditation once a year and compose one verse until he completed the Thirumandiram.

The Nayanar is said to have been one of the eight students of Tirunandi Devar. Tirumlar, desiring to see Agastya Rishi in the Pothia Hills, left Kailasa and journeyed southwards. On his way, he visited many Saivite shrines. When he came to Tiruvavaduthurai, he took a bath in the Kaveri River then went to the Temple. Upon leaving the Temple and walking along the banks of the Kaveri, he noticed a herd of cows crying because their herder had died. Wanting to pacify the grief stricken cows, the Nayanar entered the body of the cowherd after safely depositing his own body in the trunk of a tree.Mlan, the cowherd, was a resident of Sattanur and drove the cows back into the village in the evening. Mlans wife was expecting the return of her husband but when she approached him, he would not allow her to touch him, but said: Oh lady, I am not your husband. Adore Lord Siva and attain Liberation. He left and went away to a near-by Math.The cowherd's wife complained to the village elders about her husbands conduct. They examined him and after they came to the conclusion that he was a great Yogi who had attained spiritual eminence, instructed the lady to have no further contact with him. The next day, Tirumular followed the cows, but could not find his body in the trunk of the tree, where he had left it. It was the Lords Leela. Lord Siva wanted Tirumular Nayanar to write a book in Tamil on Saiva Philosophy, containing the essence of all Siva Agamas. Tirumular understood the Lords wish and returned to Tiruvavaduthurai.

Why i preserve body ? Why i preserve body Time was when I despised the body But than I saw the god with in And the body , I realized , is the lord's temple And so I began preserving it With care infinite -725

725.

Where is the temple of God today? http://www.hummaa.com/music/album/thiru-moolarin-thiru-mandhiram-thiruthani-n-swaminathan/22696Inner core (uLLam; the spiritual heart) is the great temple (perum kOvil);Fleshy body, the seat of the soul, (the place of union with Paramaatma) is the temple;For the compassionate Lord, the mouth is the tower-entrance;For those with mental clarity, jeevan (life force; soul) soul is the Shivalingam;The (deceiving) - five senses are the burning lamps with within the temple. 1823 Soul is Siva LingaFor the Bounteous LordThis heart is the sanctum holy,The fleshly body is temple vastThe mouth is the tower gate;To them that discern,Jiva is Sivalinga;The deceptive senses but the lights that illume

1823 . 1

Lord is Atom-Within-Atom2008 . 2

2008 Lord is Atom-Within-AtomThe Lord is the Beginning of all,He is the Atom-within-the-atom;Divide an atom within the atom,Into parts one thousand,They who can thus divideThat atom within the atomMay well near the Lord,He, indeed, is the Atom-within-the-atom.

As Aum is He there?

2804: How Siva is WithinThe Lord is in our heart,As Aum is He there,As Fire is He there,As Order is He there,As Space in body is He there,He, the One Being.2804 . 1five elements of world and human body

2671: God's FormAs mouth, eye, body and lifeThe Yoga-God is;Beyond earth, water, fire, wind and skyVoid His Form is.2671 . earthspaceairfirewaterNa, Ma, Si, Va, Ya and human senses 2701 . 42701: How Aum and the Five Letters are Distributed in the SixCentersIn the six Adharas (centers) withinAre distributed the Five Letters and Aum;That comprise Aum Nama Sivaya (Na, Ma, Si, Va, Ya);In the Muladhara is NaIn the Svadhishtana is MaIn the Navel Center is SiIn the Heart Center is VaIn the Throat Center is YaIn the Eye-brow Center is Aum.

5252Existence and nonexistence 2941 . 62941: Attributes of SivaFormless is He,Body less is He,Blemish less is He,Rich less is He,Harmless is He,Celestial of celestials is He,Contention less is He,Bhoota-army possessed is He,Attachment less is He,He entered my thoughts.Love and Siva are One270: Love and Siva are OneThe ignorant prate that Love and Siva are two,But none do know that Love alone is SivaWhen men but know that Love and Siva are the same,Love as Siva, they e'er remained.270. . 1How Soon the Dead are Forgotten145: How Soon the Dead are ForgottenThe neighbours gathered wailing loud and long,Denied him now a name, called him corpse,And bore him to the burning ghat and the body burnt,Then a ceremonial dip--and memory dies as the hours lapse. . 3Gifts us 252: Charity is Within Reach of AllEasy to all to offer in worship a green leaf to the Lord,Easy to all to give a mouthful to the cow,Easy to all to give a handful, sitting down to eat,Easy to all, good, kind words on others to bestow.

. 2Among the many revelations that Mohenjadaro and Harappa have in store for us, none perhaps is more remarkable than this discovery that Saivism has a history going back to the chalcolithic age John MarshallThe Saiva religion and its philosophy are praised highly by scholars.Saivism is the oldest pre-historic religion of S. India G.U.PopeOne of the most closely reasoned religious philosophies found anywhere inthe world. John H. Piet