73-sulfuricacid

7/25/2019 73-Sulfuricacid

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SULIFURIC ACID

sulfuric acid sulfuric acid 3 .. 2535

SULFURIC ACID


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SULIFURIC ACID

1.1 (identification)(1) sulfuric acid(2) CASRN (Chemical Abstract Service Registry Number)

7664-93-9

(3) sulfuric acid(4) dipping acid hydrogen sulfate

oil of vitriol sulfur acid

vitriol brown oil

(5) H2SO

4

(6)OH

O S O

OH

(7)98.08

1.2 (chemical and physical properties)(strong acid)

sulfuric acid 93 98

sulfur trioxide sulfuric acid sulfuricacid 1

1

identification and properties

= =


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SULIFURIC ACID

() 10.31 Lide (1996)() 290 Merck (1997) 1.84 Merck (1997)() 5.93 x 10-5 (25) Daubert Danner (1989)(= 1) 3.4 NIOSH/OSHA (1981)

1sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

sulfuric acid .. 2536 2544 .. 2536 2537 42.1 41.7 11.6, 0.8, 17.9, 0.74, 16.8, 33.1 16.5 .. 2538 2544 sulfuric acid .. 2536 2544 2

2

production and trade

2sulfuric acid .. 2536-2544

2536 2537 2538 2539 2540 2541 2542 2543 2544

- - - - 6,000 108 21 12,283,233 8,107,473 - - - - - - - 1,295 - 10,092 - - 175 - - - - - 41,771,871 41,242,708 10,970,063 84,663 17,389,061 91,312 16,025,632 19,511,823 8,053,488

10,710 40,520 70,820 16,380 9,907 16,650 125,920 449,423 128,222

134,987 258,670 266,310 219,306 49,474 51,950 85,368 168,653 75,463 - 21 30,068 52,728 117,984 77,928 9,673 - - 74,611 150,701 174,140 169,469 79,810 68,887 18,727 30,142 13,994 77,047 53,031 25,235 24,360 5,057 69,244 32,597 30,050 18,110 - - - 222,100 222,800 344,900 523,400 612,200 143,440 26,256 26,772 50,366 44,143 26,425 26,396 35,364 15,580 9,221 5,520 - 20,240 - - - - - - - 70 40 1 - - - - - - - 16,055 32,577 31,108 - 15,921 - - - - 2 - - - 20,764 - - - - - 50 90 - - 220 - - - - - 75 - - - - - - - - - 21,700 1,766 - -

42,111,094 41,772,493 11,623,339 865,952 17,937,791 749,545 16,895,153 33,102,619 16,549,531

:(2536-2544)


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SULIFURIC ACID

sulfuric acid - contact processsulfur dioxide

410 430 vanadium pentoxide sulfur trioxide

sulfuric acid sulfur trioxide sulfuric acid

SO2 + O

2SO

3

SO3+ H

2O H

2SO

4

- nitrogen oxide process sulfur dioxide nitrosyl hydrogen sulfate (NOHSO

4) sulfuric acid

70 sulfuric acid nitric oxide (NO) nitrogen dioxide (NO

2) nitrogen sesquioxide (N

2O

3)

sulfuric acidnitrosyl hydrogen sulfate

SO2+ 2NOHSO

4+ 2H

2O 3H

2SO

4+ 2NO

NO + O2

NO2

NO2+ NO N

2O

3

N2O

3+ 2H

2SO

42NOHSO

4+ H

2O

SO2+ O

2+ H

2O H

2SO

4

3

production processes


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SULIFURIC ACID

sulfuric acid 1.

2. 3. 4.

4

use


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SULIFURIC ACID

5

pathways into the environment

sulfuric acid sulfuric acid sulfuric acid

1. sulfuric acid

sulfuric acid

2. 3. sulfuric acid

4.

sulfuric acid sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

7

environmental fate tests

7.1 (biodegradation and biotransformation)

sulfuric acid Thiobacilli

7.2 (photodegradation)sulfuric acid

7.3 (hydrolysis)sulfuric acid

(Thiobacilli)(Takeuchiand Suzuki, 1994)

7.4 (sorption)

(EPA, 1985)


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SULIFURIC ACID

7.5

(evaporation)

sulfuric acid sulfuric acid

7.6 (oxidation)sulfuric acid

7.7 (model ecosystem studies)sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

8

environmental fate

sulfuric acid 5 (Pienarr and Helas, 1996)

sulfuric acid sulfuric acid sulfuric acid (Pienarr and Helas, 1996)


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SULIFURIC ACID

9.1 (absorption)sulfuric acid

NIOSH (1974) 6-8% sulfuric acid sulfate hydrogen ions

9.2 (distribution) sulfuric acid

(IPCS, 1979)

9.3 (bioconcentration) sulfuric acid (IPCS, 1979)

9.4 (metabolism)sulfuric acid Oxidation

Conjugation Phenol, Cresol, Indale Skatole Ethereal sulfates Chaney (1980)

20 sulfuric acid 100 / 4 / 2

9

chemobiokineticss


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SULIFURIC ACID

7 20 serum glutathione,glutathione reductase, RBC glucose-6-phosphate dehydro-genase,

Lysozyme, glutamic oxaloacetic acid transaminase, serum vitamin E 2,3-diphosphoglucerate sulfuric acid

9.5 (excretion)sulfuric acid

(Spektor et al., 1989)Leikauf (1984) 8 25 59 sulfuricacid 0, 100, 300 1,000 / 1 Ferric-oxide 4.2 80, 106, 110 142 sulfuric acid 0, 100, 3001,000/

NIOSH (1974) ethereal sulfates 85 90% 4 6%


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SULIFURIC ACID

10

mammalian toxicity

sulfuric acid LC50

18 30 /8 sulfuric acid 0.8 -1.0(Environment Canada, 1984)

sulfuric acid 15 / (NIOSH, 1997)


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SULIFURIC ACID

11

special toxicity studies

11.1 (biochemical interactions)sulfuric acid

(acidosis) albumin sulfuric acid

(dehydrating)

11.2 (carcinogenicity) sulfuric acid

International Agency for Research on Cancer

sulfuric acid (group 1,carcinogenic to humans)

11.3(mutagenicity)sulfuric acid

11.4/ (potentiation/antagonism)/sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

11.5

(neurotoxicity)

sulfuric acid (agitation)

11.6 (primary irritation)sulfuric acid sulfuric acid

sulfuric acid

sulfuric acid - coagulation necrosis (ulceration)(Gosselin et al., 1984)

11.7 (embryotropic action) rat sulfuric acid

20 /6 18

11.8(immunotoxicity)sulfuric acid mouse

sulfuric acid 1.4 /3 /5 /20 IgG, IgG

2a,

IgM lgG2b

(Fenters et al., 1979)

11.9 (reproduction)sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

11.10

(teratogenicity)

rat sulfuric acid 11.7

11.11 (behavior) sulfuric acid 11.5


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12

effects on organisms in the environment

12.1 (aquatic)sulfuric acid

12.2 (terrestrial)sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

13

sampling/preparation/analysis

13.1 (sampling) 4

6N HCl 4

40 (residual chlorine) (ascorbic acid)25 (sodium thiosulfate) 3 (sodium sulfite) 3 /40 414 (Standard Methods, 1998)

13.2 (preparation/ analysis)

sulfate ion 3


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SULIFURIC ACID

3 sulfate ion

nepholometer 10 /glycerol, , sodium chloride barium chloride

: AOAC (1990)


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SULIFURIC ACID

14

spills

(2540)

14.1(1) sulfuric acid 25 50

100

(2) sulfuric acid

(3) sulfuric acid

(4) sulfuric acid

14.2(1)sulfuric acid

(2)

(3)


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SULIFURIC ACID

800

(4)(5)


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SULIFURIC ACID

15

treatment of poisoning

15.1(1) sulfuric acid

(2)(3)sulfuric acid (4) Holger Nielson (back pressure armlift)

(5)(6) sulfuric acid

15


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16

waste management

sulfuric acid International Register of PotentiallyToxic Chemicals sulfuric acid [Na

2Co

3] [Ca(OH)

2]

(IRPTC, 1985)


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SULIFURIC ACID

17

recommendations/legal mechanisms

17.117.1.1

() 103 16 2515 sulfuric acid1 /

17.1.2 (1) .. 2538

.. 2535 sulfuric acid sulfuric acid, fumuing (oleum) 50

3

(2) 6 (.. 2540) .. 2535 sulfuric acid dithallium (1+) (acute hazardous chemical) sulfuric acid, dimethylester (toxic hazardous chemical) sulfuric acid 2 sulfuric acid (treatment) (disposal) (chain treatments) sulfuric acid


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SULIFURIC ACID

1. (physical treatment)2. -(physical/ chemical treatment)3. (chemical treatment)4. (biological treatment)5. (thermal process for

treatment and/or disposal)

6. (stabilization/fixation/solidification processes)

7. land treatment and/or disposal8. 1 7

(reuse/recycle)

(solvent recovery) (oil recovery) (acid regeneration) (metals recovery) (fuels blending) (co-incineration in industrial kilns/furnaces) (wastesexchange)

17.2 sulfuric acid

4


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SULIFURIC ACID

4sulfuric acid

/

8 / 13 25291 /

8 /1 /

28 25278 /1 /

8 /1 /

5 2 /

1 25348 /1 /

15 3 /

1 25348 /1 /

.. 25328 /1

/

29 25348 /1 /

: IRPTC (1992 1993)


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SULIFURIC ACID

18

references

(2538) .. 2538 112 131 2538

(2540) 6 (.. 2540)

114 10613 2540 (2540)

240 (2541) /

Chaney S., Blomquist W., Muller K., and Goldstein G. (1980) Biochemical

changes in humans upon exposure to sulfuric acid aerosol and

exercise. Govt Reports Announcementa and Index.

IARC (2002) Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity to Humans.International

Agency for Research on Cancer. Lyon, France.

http:// 193.51.164.11/monoeval/cr thall.html.Last updated August 9, 2000.

IRPTC (1985) Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals.IRPTC

File. International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals. United

Nations Environment Programme. Geneva, Switzerland.

IRPTC (1993) IRPTC Legal File 1992-1993. Regulations and Guidelines on

Chemicals. An Extract of the IRPTC Data Bank.Volume 1-3. International

Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals. United Nations Environmental

Programme. Geneva, Switzerland.


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SULIFURIC ACID

IRPTC (1995) IRPTC Legal File 1994-1995. Regulations and Guidelines on

Pesticides.Volume 1-2. International Register of Potentially Toxic

Chemicals. United Nations Environmental Programme. Geneva,

Switzerland.

IPCS (1979) Sulfuric oxides and suspended particulate matter. International

Programme on Chemical Safety. Environmental Health Criteria 8.

World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Leikauf G.D., Spektor D.M., Albert R.E., and Lippmann, M. (1984) Dose-dependent

effects of submicrometer sulfuric acid aerosol on particle clearance

from ciliated human lung airways.Am Ind Hyg Assoc J.5,285-292.

Merck (1997) The Merck Index. An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and

Bio-logicals. Twelfth Edition. BudavanS. editor. Merck Research

Laboratories, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey.

NIOSH (1974) Criteria Document : Sulfuric acid. National Institute for

Occupational Safety and Health. US Dept of Health, Education and

Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease control, Washington,

DC, USA.

Spekter D.W., Yen B.M., and Lippmann M. (1989) Effect of concentration and

cumulative exposure of inhaled sulfuric acid on tracheobronchial particle

clearance in health human.Environ Health Perpect.79,167-175.


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SULIFURIC ACID

LC50(median lethal concentration)2

(1) (50%) LC

50

10 LC

50

LC50(4 ) tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate

rat 44,660 /(2)

(50%) LC50

10 LC

50

24, 48, 72 96 LC

50 (96 ) acrylonitrile fathead minnow

(Pimphales promelas) 18,100 /

LD50 (median lethal dose) (dose) (50%) LD

50

2-3

1


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SULIFURIC ACID

2 LD

50

LD50(oral) tris (2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphaterat

4,900 /Klassen (1995)

LD50LD

50LD

50

: Klaassen C.D. (1995) Principles of Toxicology. In: Casarett and Doulls Toxicology.The Basic Science of Poisons.Third edition. Klaassen C.D., Amdur M.O., and

Doull J. editors. Macmillan Publishing Co. New York, USA.

LD50(/)

(supertoxic) < 5(extremely toxic) 5 50(very toxic) 50 500(moderately toxic) 500 5,000(slightly toxic) 5,000 15,000

(practically nontoxic) > 15,000


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SULIFURIC ACID


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SULIFURIC ACID

Sulfuric acid

2551(1)

978-974-286-402-6ISBN

92 7 10400

0 2298 2442, 0 2298 24390 2298 2442

.86 57/2 10700

0 2433 47910 2881 5839 0

()


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SULIFURIC ACID

2551


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SULIFURIC ACID


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SULIFURIC ACID

1 (identification and properties)...................... 22 (production and trade).................................................... 43 (production processes)............................................................. 5

4 (use).................................................................................................................. 65 (pathways into the environment)................................. 76 (concentrations)........................................................ 8

6.1 (loss and persistence).............................. 86.2 (concentrations)........................................................................ 86.3 (human intake)........................................................... 8

7 (environmental fate tests)....... 97.1 (biodegradation

and biotransformation).................................................................................. 9

7.2 (photodegradation)................................................. 97.3 (hydrolysis).................................................................. 97.4 (sorption)....................................................................................... 97.5 (evaporation)....................................................................... 107.6 (oxidation)......................................................... 107.7 (model ecosystem studies)................. 10

8 (environmental fate)...................................... 119 (chemobiokinetics).............................. 12

9.1 (absorption).................................................................................... 129.2 (distribution)........................................................................ 129.3 (bioconcentration)...................................................... 12


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SULIFURIC ACID

9.4 (metabolism)......................................................................... 129.5 (excretion).............................................................. 13

10 (mammalian toxicity)............................. 1411 (special toxicity studies)......................... 15

11.1 (biochemical interactions)..................................... 1511.2 (carcinogenicity)..................................................... 1511.3 (mutagenicity)..................................... 1511.4 /(potentiation/antagonism)........................ 1511.5 (neurotoxicity).......................................... 1611.6 (primary irritation).............................................. 1611.7 (embryotropic action)............................... 1611.8 (immunotoxicity)............................................. 1611.9 (reproduction).............................................. 1611.10(teratogenicity)............................................. 1711.11(behavior).................................................................................... 17

12 (effects on organisms in the environment)................................................. 18

12.1 (aquatic)................................................................................. 1812.2 (terrestrial)........................................................................... 18

13 (sampling/preparation/analysis)........................................................................ 19

14 (spills)......................................................................................................... 21


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SULIFURIC ACID

15 (treatment of poisoning)............................................... 23

15.1................................................................................................. 2316 (waste management)....................................................2417

(recommendations/legal mechanisms)........................................................... 25

.................................................................................................................................281.................................................................................................................................. 30


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SULIFURIC ACID

1 sulfuric acid.......................................................... 32 sulfuric acid .. 2536-2544.................. 4

3 sulfuric acid.........................................................................................204 sulfuric acid........................... 27

73-sulfuricacid

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