7 seismic and tsunami monitoring technology contributing to seismic resilience ver5

7/25/2019 7 Seismic and Tsunami Monitoring Technology Contributing to Seismic Resilience Ver5

1/30

Tecnologa para el Monitoreo dTerremotos y Maremotos que cont

la Resilencia Ssmica- Retos y Esfuerzos de El Salvador y Experiencia Japonesa

Seismic and Tsunami monitoring technology co

to seismic resiliencechallenges and efforts of El Salvador with Japanese experien

Prepared by JICA and MARN

11thof February, 2016


2/30

(1) Experiences and efforts in Japan in the Seismic and Tsunami technology from the view point of Seismic Intensity

(2) Challenges and efforts in El Salvador in the Seismic and Tsun

monitoring technology from the view point of estimation of M

analysis for Tsunami monitoring

(3) Conclusions: Seismic resilience in developed communities an

developing communities

Seismic and Tsunami monitoring technology contributing to seismic resi

challenges and efforts of El Salvador with Japanese experiences


3/30

(1) Experiences and efforts in Japan in theSeismic and Tsunami monitoring technolofrom the view point of Seismic Intensity

Tectonic environment of Japanese Archipelago

Development of the Instrumental Seismic Intensity for real timof the Seismic Intensity for disaster mitigation

Developing technology about issuance of advisory on long periomotions

Application of the Instrumental Intensity to Earthquake Early W(EEW)

Potential ability for application of the Instrumental Intensity to oany reference injudging reliability of estimated Magnitudeagearthquake


4/30

Tectonic environment of Japanese Archipelago

y

y

y

1) Experiences and efforts in Japan in the Seismic and Tsunami m

Three plates a

stressed one a

are regularly mmutually; the

been accumu

energy steadi

boundaries anthem. The ene

cause of the se

and tsunami in

Japan.

Pacific

Plate

Philippine Sea

Plate

The land-side Plate

he average annual number of earthquakes located in and around Japan is about 10 % of the wo


5/30

Japanese Human

Perception

Seismic Intensity

Comparisonof seismic intensity scales in the

Modified Me

cali Intensity

MMI)


6/30

Comparisonbetween Instrumental Intensity and Japanese Hum

Intensityfor the events having VI or V as the maximum observ

Comparison between Instru

Japanese Human Perceptevents having IV, III, II o

observed Int

Instrumental Intensity

Instrumenta

Instrumental IntensityJapaneseHumanPerceptionIntensity

J

apaneseHumanPerceptionIntensity

Average

Standard deviation

AverageStandar


7/30

Comparisonof Instrumental Intensity to Peak Ground A

(PGA), Peak Ground Velocity (PGV) or Spectrum Intensi

Spectr

uIntensity(cm/se

c)

Instrumental Intensity InstrumenInstrumental Intensity PeakGrou

ndVelocity(cm/sec)

PeakGroundA

cceleration(cm/sec

2)


8/30

Development of the InstrumentalSeismic Intensity1ststep: Supporting observers action

since 1988. The intensity can be calledhuman perception intensity in order tomake the values consistent with the actualhuman perception seismic intensity used atthe time when it has been developed.

2ndstep: Instrumental SeismicIntensity itself is used for monitoring. Thereal time monitoring of the SeismicIntensity by telemetering to the monitoringcenter has been conducted since 1996; thecalculation formula has bee improved at

the timing.


2ndstep (continued): A

time, the Tables expl

JMA Seismic Intensity

been introduced in orde

public what kind ofphe

or damages

should occur

around the

place where

the intensity

observed. The

Tables have

been updated

in 2009.


9/30

Summary

of the

JMA

Seismic

IntensityScale


10/30


11/30

Improvement of Instrumental Seismic Intensity calculation techno

Making the intensity value con

Using three components of acce

Widening the period window toperiod area

The formula for calculation

Instrumental Seismic Intensity

Acceleration cm/s/s (filtering and

According to the relation

to damaged buildings

found mainly from thefield research on the

disastrous event in 1995.


12/30

Filter

New for the

building damages

Old for the Human

Perception Intensity

Period (sec)

Compensationfactor


13/30

Propotion

ofbuildingsdestroyed

completely

6 Lower 6 Upper

Vulnerability

Curve

The New Quake

Resistance

Standards go into

operation since

1981.


The observed results for wooden houses constructed before How has the

Tables

explaining the

JMA Seismic

IntensityScale been

improved?

Before 1961

Between 1962-1


14/30

The observed results for wooden houses constructed after 1981


6 Lower 6 Upper

Vulnerability

Curve

The New Quake

Resistance

Standards go into

operation since

1981.

Propotion

ofbuildingsdestroyed

completely


15/30

Thewounded(Se

rious+mild)Number

Thewounded(Serious)Number

The completely destroyed

houses/buildings NumberThe completely destroyed

houses/buildings Number



16/30

Establishment of the intensity observation network for the development of thIntensity for real time monitoring of the Seismic Intensity for disaster mitigati


OrganizationInitial purpose of the

observation(Partially modified; after Yokota et al

2011)

Initial philosophy of network

configuration(Partially modified; after Yokota et al 2011)

Station numbers as

of March, 2015

Japan

Meteorological

Agency (JMA)

Establishment of

appropriate "national

initial response" against

wide area disasterslikeevents having 6lower

Interval distance should be 20

km. Identifying 6Lowerof the

seismic intensity scale surely

(excluding mountains area) in

the case of events greater than

Magnitude 6.8

Local

Governments

Establishment of

appropriate "municipal

and prefectural initial

response" against

disasters

Basically each municipality

should have at least one

stationexcept large

municipalities.

Installing &

managing around 670

Usingaround 3700including the stations

managed by local

governments or a

research institute for

issuance

information

The latest status of instrumental intensity observation networks as of M

I t t l i i i t it it i N t


17/30

JMA (37 in Shikoku area),

Government, NIED, Total: 25

5752

72

77

300km

Instrumental seismic intensity monitoring NetworAll of the intensity monitoring s

monitored by JMA in real time

maintained by both of JMA, who

20% of them.

Instrumental seismic intensity monitoring Networ


18/30

The intensity monitor

disaster prevention/m

Japan is conducted byJMA and local govern

of the public station

telemetered to JMA

time monitoring.

JMA (670) , Local Gove

NIED (782), Total: 4384 as

Instrumental seismic intensity monitoring Networ

Municipality Number 1742 as of 01J

Seq ence and timing of Ts nami Warnin


19/30

Sequence and timing of Tsunami Warnin

issuance of seismic and tsunami inform

Which information issued from JMA is broadcasted automati


20/30

Which information issued from JMA is broadcasted automati

Which organizations will receive the intensity information sent fr

E th k E l W i (EEW)


21/30

Earthquake Early Warnings (EEWs) provide advance nestimated seismic intensities and expected arrival times o

motion just after an earthquake occurs. Although strong t

arrive quickly (within a few tens of seconds at most), EE

mitigate earthquake-related damage by providing precio

for people to protect themselves, for trains to be sloweand for factory lines to be controlled before shaking st

EEWs can be either warnings or forecasts, depending on

Earthquake Early Warning (EEW)The only information issued automatically from JMA; start from 1sto


22/30

Principle of EEWs

8.6

Example of issuance of EEW Issued EEW 8.6 sec after detecting


23/30

p g

Grace time for people to take action at the

timing of the issuance and the area warned

Grace time for people to take action

the issuance and the estimated inte

0 sec

10 sec

20 sec

0 sec

10 se

20 sec

6Up5Lower

The displacements of the ground (1st) and 52nd floors Information on lon
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/%E8%AC%9B%E6%BC%94%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%B4%A0%E6%9D%90/%E7%B7%8A%E6%80%A5%E5%9C%B0%E9%9C%87%E9%80%9F%E5%A0%B1%E3%81%AE%E7%99%BA%E8%A1%A8%E3%81%A8%E9%9C%87%E5%BA%A6%E3%81%AE%E5%BA%83%E3%81%8C%E3%82%8A%E3%81%AE%E5%8B%95%E7%94%BB.mpg


24/30

After Kanamori

The displacements of the ground (1 ) and 52 floors54 stories building (256m); natural period of this building is 6 sec.

Epicenter distance 800km. The 3.11 event in Japan..

Short edge direction

Short edge direction

Long edge direction

Long edge direction

Vertical direction

Vertical direction

SeismicInten

Information on long-period (earthquake) ground


25/30

Information on long-period (earthquake) ground motion is issued

the expected intensity of shaking in high-rise buildings and the po

related damage. The information will be published on JMA s wetrial basis. JMA issues the information, as Intensity Scale for lo

ground motion, around 20 minutes after any of its seismic in

meters detects an intensity of 1 or more. It is provided to the m

of high-rise buildings (around 14 stories or higher) and people liv

working in them.

JMA also provides station-by-station informatintensity scale data for each periodic band and waveform, on its w

that experts can gather more detailed observation data.

Information on long-period (earthquake) ground

(trial stage)

Target period band: 1.6 -7.8 sec. Depth of the layer of S-wave velo

more relation to the motion. 15 stories building will have its intrins

30 stories 3sec, 50 5sec.

Intended purposes of providing information on long


26/30

Intended purposes of providing information on long

(earthquake) ground motion

Alert building management and disaster prevention staff working on lower

risk of damage on higher floors and support appropriate action.

Inform residents and workers on higher floors that the intensity of shaking

differs from that at ground level (which relates more directly to seismic inten

Felt by most people in buildings. Some

people are startled.

Hanging items such as lamps and blinds

swing significantly.

Many people find it difficult to walk

holding onto something stable.

Items in cupboards and bookshelve

Itsdifficult to remain

standing.Furniture on casters moves significantly.

Some of unsecured furniture moves and

may topple over.

Itsimpossible to remain standing o

without crawling.

Furniture on casters moves significa

may topple over. Unsecured furnitu

and may topple over.

Summary of the JMA Intensity Scale for long-period ground motion

Potential ability for application of the Instrumental Intens


27/30

Extent area of Seismic Intensity 5Lower

-> Support the evaluation of estimated Mw

Potential ability for application of the Instrumental Intens

tools for any reference in judging reliability of estimated

against massive earthquake

(2) Challenges and efforts in El Salvador in


28/30

(2) Challenges and efforts in El Salvador inSeismic and Tsunami monitoring technolofrom the view point of estimation of Mw or

analysis for Tsunami monitoring Seismic and Tsunami monitoring in El Salvador

Strong motion seismometers and Broadband seismometers have benforced recently by the JICA Project; Tsunami monitoring functiocrustal deformation monitoring ones have been done as well.

Challenges and efforts in El Salvador

Tsunami generation judgement and tsunami threat cancellation judshould be improved under the tsunami hazard conditions of El SalvJapan due to its tectonic enviroment. In addition the seismic monitoissuance of its information function should be as well. We can nowenforced monitoring network.

(3) Conclusions: Seismic resilience in dev


29/30

(3) Conclusions: Seismic resilience in devcommunities and in developing communit1. Experiences obtained from actual phenomena or studied resu

can be sharedamong both commuities. Ex. Tsunami disasters adisasters as the data for the opposite commuities.

2. Experiences of development progress on any new technolog

developed communities for disaster prevention/mitigation can b

by developing commuities. Ex. Immediate CMT analysis for tsu

3. Application of the new technologies to any communities shou

conducted carefully; various essential fine tuning should be

due to the various difference in the environment in the applic


30/30

Gracias

Shigeo MORI-JICA, Luis Mixco-MARN

7 seismic and tsunami monitoring technology contributing to seismic resilience ver5

Documents