7. outline interpersonal comm

7/25/2019 7. Outline Interpersonal Comm

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InterpersonalCommunication

Communication &Connection


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Defning Interpersonal Communication

Consider these 2 words:

Interpersonal between people

Personal directed to / reecting a particularperson (expersonal touch! greeting"

#hat are the similarities/di$erences in what eachdescribes% &re all o' our interpersonal actions personal%


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Defning Interpersonal Communication:uantitati)e &pproach

Interpersonal comm (uantitati)e" 2 person! 'ace to 'acecommunication

Dichotomous perspecti)e

*ass communication as opposite interpersonal

&lso +nown as dyadiccommunicationd,ad: a set o' two people

-imiting issues :

.ot all 2person communication is the same (we dont

communication the same wa, with a relati)e stranger and a close'riend"

0ech ad)ances ha)e impacted 'aceto'ace primac,


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Defning Interpersonal Communication:ualitati)e &pproach

Interpersonal comm (ualitati)e": communication based onrecognition o' communicators as uni1ue indi)iduals

Relationalcomm emphasi3es the inuence o' relationships oncomm

Dialectical distinctiontrul, interpersonal comm built up o)er time

Impersonal comm as opposite o' interpersonal comm

4e)iew discussion o' *iller 5 6teinbergs socialcogniti)e orientation'ramewor+ in the Readingstext 'or in'o on how such recognition

occurs


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Defning Interpersonal Communication:#hich &pproach%

#ell emphasi3e relational/1ualitati)e! butboth approaches are use'ul:

ual explores the impact o' relationships oncomm and importance o' comm process inrelationships

uant examines an important context o' comm!especiall, in relationships

6ee discussion in the Readingstext


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4elationships 5 7uman Comm:Inextricabl, -in+ed

4elationships are one o' the most signifcantbeha)ioral inuences:

*a+e li'e meaning'ul! dri)e our interactions withothers! essential to our personal and practicalgoals

Communicationis the 'undamental relationalprocess! crucial to initiating! de)eloping! and

maintaining relationships


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Communication 5 6el'8nowledge

9ur sense o' identit, is the basis o' our interactions with others

6el'concept: relati)el, stable set o' perceptions we hold aboutoursel)es defning who we are ;ormed )ia < communicationprocesses:

4eected appraisal 7ow we percei)e that others (specifc and general"see us based on their words and actions

6ocial comparison Comparison o' sel' to others (4e'erent is +e,"

Cultural *essages baselines/)alues used in defning sel' deri)ed 'romcultural inuences Can originate 'rom interpersonal or mass media sources


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Communication and 6el'

6el'Disclosureprocess b, which we share in'owith others about oursel)es that the, would nototherwise +now

Intentional acts! not in'erence

0ruth'ul in'ormation

Primaril, )erbal (but can occasionall, b, .="

Inuenced b, context and social / cultural norms


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6D is +e, to building! de)eloping! 5 maintaining relationships

7ow we allow others to get +now us

&lso how we get to +now them 6D is reciprocal:

Norm of reciprocity disclosure begets disclosure 0elling others about oursel)es prompts them to

do the same

Dyadiceectdisclosure responses tend to be at the same general le)el o' intimac, as initialdisclosure

6D changes in nature in a de)eloped relationship! but it is still essential >?arometero' relational health @ shows continued interest


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&ltman 5 0a,lorAs 6ocial Penetration *odel6el' disclosurerepresented b,

Depth:

7ow deepl, is agi)en areaexplored%

?readth:7ow man,di$erentareas are

explored /re)ealed%


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Bohari windowcategori3es in'o about thesel' based on awareness

9pen ?lind

7idden n+nown

8nown to others

.ot 8nown to others

.ot +nown to sel'8nown to sel'


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Communication 5 ;orming 4elationships

*an, 'actors can ser)e as a catal,st 'or'orming a relationship

*ost are tied to or re)ealed )ia communication

&ll 'actors not alwa,s necessar, @ some ma,e)en be contradictor,

6pecifc e)aluations o' each are fltered b,


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6imilarit,6imilarit, thesis: we tend to -i+e and 'orm relationships with those we percei)e as

similar

2 +e, t,pes: &ttitudinal and social pre'erence similarit,

&ppearance

9'ten most important in initial stages (fltering"


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Proximit,

&)ailablit, o' the people we interact with

4eciprocit,/li+ing

0endenc, to reciprocate li+ing 'rom others (within limits"

=alidation o' 'eelings important in building emotional

connection

Competenc,

#e li+e to be around competent people


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Complementarit,/Di$erenceoppositesattract when:

Di$erences are complementary each part,scharacteristics satis', the others needs / wea+nesses andeach part, )alues / accepts the di$erence

enerall,! o)er the long term complementar, di$erencesare benefcial but extreme ones tend to be detrimental


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6ocial exchange

E)aluation o' cost / reward @ relationships maximi3ingreward )s cost are attracti)e

*a, seem cold! but its normal! especiall, 'or certaint,pes o' relationships (eg business"

E1uit,/e1uilibrium important o)er long term


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;orming 4elationships: Initial Interactions

Duc+s ;iltering theor,in initial interactions! se)eral >flters areprogressi)el, applied

F 6ociological/Incidentalcues demographic or en)ironmental 'actors(ex ra)itating towards ,our own >crowd"

2 Preinteraction cues assumptions about others interest orcharacter! t,picall, based on non)erbal beha)ior (ex E,e contact"


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Communication in ?uilding 5 *aintaining4elationships

Conictan expressed struggle between at leasttwo interdependent parties who percei)eincompatible goals! scarce rewards and inter'erence

'rom another part, in obtaining their goal (#ilmot"

Can be 'unctional or d,s'unctional

4e)iew the discussion o' 0ut3auers wor+ in &d)ancingComm 6cience box in Readingschapter 'or an interestingapproach to modeling conict


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Communication in ?uilding 5 *aintaining4elationships

4elational Dialectics(?axter4awlins"relationshipsstruggle with opposing and continual tensions

9penness/closedness how much is shared )s pri)ate in

a relationship%

&utonom,/connection how much indi)idual character!

time! and 'reedom shared or subsumed%

.o)elt,/predictabilit, how do partners +eep things newand exciting but 'amiliar and consistent%


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Communication in Building andMaintaining Relationships

-istening @ 4e)iew the discussion in the

chapter

Distinct 'orm hearing! elements

@ 4ecei)ing @ sensor, input

@ &ttending @ de)oting attention! cogniti)e resources

@ nderstanding @ processing in'o in context

@ 4esponding @ )erbal and non)erbal responses during /

a'ter

@ 4ecalling @ in'o 'rom listening o'ten rele)ant in 'uture


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8napp *odel o' 4elational De)elopment

Describes a relationship as aseries o' stages!emphasi3ing comm

Coming Together :

Initiating the beginnings o' a

relationship

Experimentingparties learnabout each other! identi',commonalities

7igh le)els o' phatic communication

Initiating

Experimenting

Intensi',ingIntegrating

?onding

Di$erentiating

Circumscribing

6tagnating

&)oiding

0erminating

Coming

0ogether

Coming&part


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Intensi',ing increasedcommitment and disclosure!and emotional in)estmentHstart o' >we thin+ing

Integrating social circlesmergeH others )iew as acouple

?onding public >ritualsthat legitimi3e relationships

Initiating

Experimenting

IntensifyingIntegrating

Bonding

Di$erentiating

Circumscribing

6tagnating

&)oiding

0erminating

Coming

0ogether

Coming&part


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Coming Apart:

Di$erentiatingemergence o' indi)idual

di$erences @ identities!priorities! )alues! etc

8e, 6tage

Circumscribingcommunications becomes

restricted (topic/amount"

Initiating

Experimenting


?onding

Dierentiating

Circumscribing

6tagnating

&)oiding

0erminating

Coming

0ogether

Coming&part


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6tagnating in're1uentcommunication! t,picall,rituali3ed andinsignifcant

&)oiding partnersa)oid each other @ph,sicall, andemotionall,

0erminatingrelationshipends and parties come toterms with it (not alwa,smutuall,

Initiating

Experimenting


?onding

Di$erentiating

Circumscribing

Stagnating

Avoiding

Terminating

Coming

0ogether

Coming&part


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4elational Dissolution: 4eadings

& more detailed discussion o' relational dissolutioncan be 'ound in the Readingstext ?e sure tore)iew these sections in the interpersonal chapter:

Cod,s disengagement strategies

Duc+s model o' relational dissolution

0he >coming apart portion o' the 8napp model

7. outline interpersonal comm

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