7 #%˚˚ · 2018. 7. 31. · & ˛ ˜7 #%˚˚ " ˜& ˜$ˆ ˜ & " ˘ ˝ ’...

WHITE IRONSTONE NOTES

VOL. 18 No. 1 SUMMER 2011

CONVENTION COVERAGE

KEW PROJECT

This newsletter covers some of the research of Patent Reg-istries of white ironstone china found at the Public RegistryOffices at Kew, England. You may recall seeing this three-piece Cameo Gothic butter tub (see above right photo) byJames Edwards dated July 1844 illustrated in Vol. 8 #3 Pg.4 of Notes. This wonderful piece was not always complete.Years ago the bottom piece and a lid that didn’t fit it werefound in Florida by Sally Scrimgeour and much later JanetAllers found two bowls. We all thought it had to be right

because the lid fit the smaller bowl and it fit into the largerbowl. The lid even had notches to accommodate the twovertical tabs. The drawing (above left) is an image sub-mitted for a patent registry. It illustrates the exact three-piece object collectors had assembled. It is clearly markedin script – “Cov. – Butter Tub.” The smaller covered bowlwas for butter and we assume larger bowl below held iceor cold water. There may have been a bail handle as indi-cated by the holes in the tabs of the covered bowl.

WICA BOARD OF DIRECTORSHarry Moseley, PresidentBob Hohl,Vice President

Carol Fleischman, SecretaryDave Klein, Treasurer

Jeanne AtkinsonRoland Bergner

Jane DiemerBev Dieringer

Jim MillerBoyd Payne

Dorothy RileyBarbara Tegtmeyer

Don Wagner

The WHITE IRONSTONE CHINA ASSOCIATION, INC.is a not-for-profit corporation whose purpose isto further our knowledge and enjoyment ofwhite ironstone china. WHITE IRONSTONENOTES is the official newsletter of the cor-poration. Photographs submitted by membersbecome the property of WICA, Inc. and no ar-ticle, photograph or drawing may be reproducedwithout the express permission of WICA, Inc. WHITE IRONSTONE NOTES is publishedand edited by Ernie and Bev Dieringer with as-sociate editor, Jim Kerr. Drawings and photosare by Ernie and Bev Dieringer unless other-wise noted. Please send all news notes, articles,photos, suggestions, questions and listings foradvertising or for the Spare Parts and WholePieces column to:

WICA, c/o Dieringer 718 Redding Road

Redding, CT 06896. 203-938-3740

e-mail [email protected] web page:

www.whiteironstonechina.com

ADVERTISING RATESAdvertisements will be accepted in order of

receipt from WICA members and, space allow-ing, from non-members. Rates (subject tochange): $10 per column inch (7 lines). Non-members, $20 per column inch. Payment infull by check made out to WICA must accom-pany each ad. Send to newsletter address.

PUbLISHING DEADLINES are Nov. 15for Winter, Feb. 15 for Spring, May 15 for

Summer, Aug. 15 for Fall.

Members can list white ironstone Parts &Pieces Wanted and For Sale without charge inthe Spare Parts column of each issue.

APPLICATION FOR MEMbERSHIPSend $30 for one or two individuals at thesame address with check made payable to

WICA, Inc. to: WICAc/o Suzanne Nielsen

PO Box 6052Chesterfield, MO 63006-6052e-mail: [email protected]

Membership year is June 1st to May 31st.

ADDRESS CHANGESe-mail [email protected]

Vol. 18.1

INDEXPg. 4 Things We Discovered in the Public

Records Office at Kew in EnglandPg. 8 Newly Discovered Shape NamesPg. 12 Show & TellPg. 17 Collection Management CommitteePg. 18 Spare PartsPg. 18 Collectors’ Showcase

FROM THE EDITOR’S DESKAnother Convention, number 17, come

and gone. We realize that the thing weenjoy the most is seeing our friends.Many of them we have been in contactwith over the year by phone and e-mail,but there are some we only see once ayear. Over the years they have all becomelike family. Many we would probablynever have met had it not been for ourshared love of white ironstone. It’s a won-derful thing.

This convention was very satisfying forus because we could finally share our ex-citement over the Kew information thatwe have been working with all this lastyear. It was very gratifying to be able topair an enlarged photo of the Kew registrywith an actual piece of that particular de-sign. More on that later in this issue.

The first two articles in this issue willbe followed in the Fall issue by an articleon the modelers, (those artisans whomade the molds for the dinner, tea, and toi-let sets.)

LETTERSIn reading again the last WIN, I noticed

that the same mark on the LaCombeBerlin Swirl sugar "MANUFACTUREDFOR & IMPORTED BY Chauncey I. Fil-ley, St. Louis, M.O. is on the bottom ofone of the Pedestalled Gothic pitchers inour collection. There is no registry nor apotter's mark on the pitcher. I enjoyedreading John Yunginger's letter about thismark.

Always a surprise taking a second look.Bertica Vasseur

*********************************The Morley tureen depicted in the last

Newsletter is called "Fancy Foot", but Icouldn't find that name in Kowalskys'Book. We displayed that tureen at one ofthe Conventions as "Lily Pad" becausethat is the embossing on its top and Mor-ley also made a "Lily" Shape .Thanks for helping with the correct name.

Bertica Vasseur*********************************

Naming a shape is difficult if you don’t

have the piece in your hands. It was im-

possible to see the lily pad finial detail

from the frontal photo view. Now it makes

great sense. So, from now on, this shape

will be known as Lily Pad.

*********************************I will be sending an e-mail image of a

child’s cup and saucer we found on ourway home from convention. Because ofthe faintness of the pattern and mark onthe saucer, I am sending my try at dupli-cating the mark of “Palissy China.”Couldn’t find any reference to this markin my library of reference books. Anyideas?Thanks,

Carol Fleischman*********************************

WICA SHOPPE WHITE IRONSTONE: A COLLECTOR’S GUIDEJean Wetherbee, $30.00WHITE IRONSTONE CHINA, PLATEIDENTIFICATION GUIDE 1840-1890Ernie & Bev Dieringer, $25.95 WHITE IRONSTONE TEAPOTSErnie & Bev Dieringer, $25.00WHITE IRONSTONE PITCHERSWHITE IRONSTONE PITCHERS IIErnie & Bev Dieringer, $30.00 each RELIEF-MOLDED JUGS bOOKVolume IIKathy Hughes, $29.00Single back issues of

WHITE IRONSTONE NOTES ON DVDVol. 1, No. 1 thru Vol. 17, No. 4, $95.00A savings of $250 over printed issues.Yearly updates will be available.

Packing & Shipping ChargesUp to $25.00 $4.99$25.01-$50.00 $5.99$50.01-$75.00 $8.99$75.01-$100.00 $10.00

Make check payable to WICA, Inc. and sendto:Dave & Karen Klein1513 Perry St.Davenport, IA [email protected]

CALENDARArea 7 Regional, September 10, 2011

Jill O’Hara, Mt. bethel, PA

WICA 2012 Convention, May 3-6

Crown Plaza Cleveland South

5300 Rockside Rd.

Independence, Ohio 44131

216 524 0700

NEXT ISSUESThe fall issue will have information

about ironstone modelers and the

shapes they created.

Honorary Lifetime Members

Jean WetherbeeErnie & Bev DieringerOlga & Tom MorelandRick Nielsen

Vol. 18.1

We found the mark on page 67 of Kowal-

skys’ Encyclopedia of Marks. Your photo

of the mark was very good. “Palissy

China” and the device in the center of VB,

stands for Vodrey & Brothers Pottery Co.)

East Liverpool, Ohio, USA, c. 1858-1928.

I don’t think we will find the shape name

of the cup and saucer.

*********************************Attached are pics of cup plates we foundon our trip. We’ve not been able to find theshape. Any thoughts?

Harry & Audrey Moseley

*********************************The only things we have found in this

particular design have been on children’s

pieces, mostly tea set pieces. If anyone has

seen this shape on larger pieces, and es-

pecially if there is also a mark, please let

us know.

*********************************

PRESIDENT’S LETTER

I’m writing this as Audrey and I are wind-ing down from the 2011 Convention inYork, PA. It was great to be with all ourWICA friends who make these events somemorable. This year the programs wereespecially interesting and I want to saythank you to some of the people whohelped make it so.

Program Planning Committee membersErnie Dieringer, Jane Diemer, Jim Kerrand Liz Volckening planned and coordi-nated exceptional education programs.The presentation by Jane Diemer high-lighting findings from the Kew projectwas great and included a surprise visit bySue Mussell, a member from England,who provided insights about her ancestor,potter James Edwards. Bob Hohl thengave a wonderful program on ironstoneshapes which potters used as crossovers intheir other wares such as flow blue, mul-

berry, transferware, lustre decorated, etc.Both programs required much preparationand were warmly received.

Rick Nielsen and Patty Hurt presented an-other always enjoyable “Show, Tell &Ask” program that was fun and informa-tive.

Adele Armbruster did a fine job coordinat-ing the trips and the convention eventsschedule. Her Off-site Auction Chairper-son work produced another well-receivedauction.

Ron Stork, On-Site Auction Chairperson,and his crew provided their usual finework in helping provide a great auction.

Raffle ticket sales were very active thankslargely to the work of the Bergners(Roland and Sue) and the Ulmanns (Chuckand Mary Ann).

To those members who donated items tothe Raffle and Silent Auction, a specialthank you. These donations provide a clearprofit to WICA and are much appreciated.

Dave and Karen Klein spent much timeand effort in the WICA Shoppe and de-serve our continuing thanks.

I could go on listing others who helped inmany ways, but space is limited. However,you get the idea that a successful conven-tion is the work of many people. Thanksto them all!

The Convention Site Selection Committeehas recommended, and the Board ac-cepted, the Crowne Plaza, Independence,Ohio (near Cleveland), as the site of the2012 Convention. The Program PlanningCommittee is already considering pro-grams and trip planning has begun.

Yours in collecting,Harry

Winners of the Raffle

Grand Loop toddy bowl, Karen KleinPresident vegetable dish, Boyd PaynePineapple food mold, Carol FleischmanWheat & Hops tureen, Jean McCabe

This year’s Convention focused on WICA’s research at the Patent Registry Offices at Kew, England. A DVD is availableof the power point talk presented by Jane Diemer. It is an overview of what was found on the patents applied for by thepotters from 1840 -1880. Another DVD is also available which includes all the patent images of white ironstone china thatwere found during the research project. (The WICA Shoppe has the information on purchasing these DVDs.)

In the following article we are focusing on the new nomenclature (words used on the patents to describe the objects andtheir use) that was discovered during the research and in the article beginning on page 8 we are including newly discoveredShape names. In the Fall issue of Notes, we will include information on the elusive artists/sculptors (called modelers) foundat the Kew Patent Registry Office.

NEWLY DISCOVERED NOMENCLATUREWe are starting with the word DISH because we discovered that it is their common word for many serving pieces.

Vol. 18.1

THINGS WE DISCOVERED IN THE PUbLIC RECORDS OFFICES AT KEW IN ENGLAND

Dish = Platter #17572, Fluted Double Swirl shape byJas. Edwards, Apr. 3, 1844. We call it a platter. Thispiece is described as a dish.

Gravy Dish = Well & Tree Platter #264081,Plain shape, Gelson Bros., July 13, 1872.

Butter Boat = Gravy Boat #17566, Fluted panel shape by Jas. Edwards, Apr. 3, 1844.

What we call a gravy boat the patent registries have named butter boats and sauce boats.(Clarified butter, often with fine herbs - was a common Victorian sauce described inperiod cook books for meats, fish and vegetables) The tray under the boat is called aStand.

Vol. 18.1

Fish Dish = Platter #109738, ParisShape, John Alcock, Apr. 16, 1857.

Baking Dish = Baker #109738, ParisShape, John Alcock, Apr. 16, 1857.

Vegetable Dish = Covered Vegetable or Vegetable Tureen #209530,Senate Shape, Geo. Jones, July12, 1867 (to be made in 7,8,9, & 10inch sizes).

Service = Set #209530, Senate Shape, George Jones, July 12 , 1867- as in Dinner or Table Service – Tea Service - Toilet Service, manyexamples were found in the patents.

Covered Dish = Vegetable Tureen #92859, Apple shape,Barrow & Co. Oct. 10, 1853.

Salad Bowl = Compote or Fruit Bowl #17570. We would call this Thomas Edwardsearly Fluted Pearl shape, Apr. 3, 1844. Dozens of other compotes were found onthe images from the Patents.

Vol. 18.1

Sauce Boat = Gravy Boat # 51188, by Jas. Edwards,May 30, 1842.

Covered Muffin Dish =Pancake Server #91121,Plain Round shape, JohnAlcock, May 7, 1853.

Butter Tub = Butter Dish #23209, Fluted Pearl,Thos. Edwards Dec. 7, 1844 ( part of a tea serv-ice).

Casserole = Stew/Chowder/Vegetable Tureen #45088, Cameo Gothic shape,James Edwards, Aug. 16, 1847. A stew/chowder/vegetable tureen because it wasfound in different sizes - with a ladle and ladle hole on its lid. It has also beenfound without a ladle hole as in the drawing for this Patent.

Jug = Pitcher #1141. Gothic Apostles shape, CharlesMeigh, May 17, 1842. On the patents, the term jug isgeneric for pitcher. There are relief jugs, ewers, andcreamers all called jugs.

Sugar Basin = Sugar Bowl #23207, Fluted Pearl shape, Thos.Edwards, Dec. 7, 1844. These bowls were made with or withoutlids.

Vol. 18.1

Ewer & Basin = Bowl and Pitcher #117338, Chinese Shape, T&R Boote,Dec. 8, 1858. Ewer and basin are word specific. A ewer is always aewer (a pitcher from the toilet set) and a basin (sometimes spelled bason)is a bowl in the toilet set for washing).

Sugar Box = Sugar Bowl #7504, Baroque shape bySaml. Alcock & Co., June 14, 1843.

Filterer #110780, Girard Shape,Ridgway Bates & Co., July 30, 1857.An urn for purifying water.

Sarcophagus #62694, Hexagon shape,John Ridgway & Co., Sept. 29, 1849. Aburial container for ashes.

Wine Cooler #52530, Pond ShapeRidgway & Abington, June 30, 1848.

Vol. 18.1

NEWLY DISCOVERED NOMENCLATURE

We were hoping that among the informationfound on the registry drawings and photos wouldbe the names of the Shapes. Unfortunately, thenames were on only a few of the Shapes. Theregistries were to identify and protect the Shapeand had nothing to do with what the pottersnamed them. This is why the same name showsup on different Shapes.

On these next four pages we give you some ofthe new Shape names names that we found.

AURORA SHAPE #134558, Holland& Green, Oct. 16, 1860, tea & dinnerservice.

The registry picture above is almostuseless so we are including a photo ofa creamer.

BALTIC SHAPE #92768, (aka 12-Paneled Gothic) Venables Mann & Co.,Oct. 4, 1853, tea service. Not at all like the Baltic Shape collectors know. Ob-viously, the Patents did not protect the names.

GEM SHAPE #176916, Holland & Green, July 26, 1864, tea,toilet and table service. (This is a version of Hyacinth shape.)There were several makers of this Shape.

Vol. 18.1

CAMBRIDGE SHAPE #73327, J.Wedgwood & Son, Nov. 4, 1850,jug.

BLENHEIM SHAPE #264613, Dimmock & Co.,July 29, 1872, dinner service.

CANNING SHAPE #176701, Hope & Carter,July 19, 1864, dinner service.

CATANIA SHAPE #71843,Thomas Till, Sept. 9, 1850, jug.

GARABALDI SHAPE #136032, T&R Boote,Nov. 23, 1860, ewer & basin.

EUGENE SHAPE #281106, J. Dimmock & Co., Mar. 13, 1874,dinner service.

Vol. 18.1

LACONIAN SHAPE #48542, Baker& Till, Jan. 1, 1848, Gothic tureen.

EUROPA SHAPE #58069, Mellor Venables (akaVertical Panel Gothic), Feb. 2, 1849, soup tureen.

ETRUSCAN SHAPE #40110,Copeland & Garrett, Jan. 9, 1847,vegetable tureen.

HILL SHAPE #134556, J. Clementson,Oct. 19, 1860, dinner service.

IVY SHAPE #92018, Holland & Green, Aug.10, 1853,Panel Octagon with ivy handles, dinner service.

Vol. 18.1

NIAGARA SHAPE #87219, (aka ScallopedDecagon) Davenport Oct. 23, 1852, dinnerservice.

NINEVAH SHAPE #72057, Mellor Venables & Co.,Sept. 21, 1850, soup tureen.

ONTARIO SHAPE #122959, William Adams, Oct.12, 1859, dinner service.

POMPEII SHAPE #43916, Mellor Venables & Co.,July 15, 1847, vegetable tureen.

PRINCE OF WALES #92364, Frances Morley & Co.,Sept. 16, 1863, tureens.

Vol. 18.1

SHOW & TELL

Ernie showed our soup tureen which we were neverable to identify until we came across it in the Kewrecords. It is a Pompei Shape soup tureen by Mellor,Venables, July 5, 1847.

A recent find by Tom & Olga Moreland. This teapot shape has been des-ignated Flowering Vine. We believe that it was made by Clementson Broth-ers, June 23, 1868, but there is no listing for that date in Cushion or a registrydrawing.

Some thought these Wedgwood foot forms werehunt cups because of their diminutive size. WhenRick bought his from a dealer in England he was toldit was a boot warmer. A very old Wedgwood catalog(see drawing at left), shows these pieces as sockblocks. Washed socks were put on these forms to dry.The smaller one is Rick Nielsen’s and the larger isErnie’s.

Susan Mussell brought this piece all the way from England. It is either a butter tub ora candy jar. As Geoffrey Godden once said “It’s a whatever you use it for dish.”

Vol. 18.1

SHOW & TELL

Harry Moseley’s find is this

lounging lion. Possibly by

Crown Pottery Co., c. 1891. A

Lemon shape or Texas Fur-

nival teapot with a mark of

W.G which to date informa-

tion has not been found.

Anyone out there have any

ideas?

Olympic Shape toothbrush vase.

Wheat jug 8” high.

Lemon shape sugar bowl.

Rick Nielsen brought four items. From upper left

clockwise: Olympic Shape toothbrush vase by

Elsmore & Forster. Has anyone seen the underplate?

The very small pewter lidded jug has a design which

is not recorded in Kathy Hughes’ Jugs books, but we

are calling it a flower garden theme. Lemon shape

sugar bowl which we suspect is what we call Texas

Furnival by J.F. And to finish, a jug with wheat dec-

oration and a band around the middle which has not

been seen before.

Flower garden decoration.

Vol. 18.1

SHOW & TELL

Janet Knorr comes across a lot of interesting pieces

when stocking her shop in Gettysburg, PA. Abovet:

A mug which looks like Pearl Sydenham is marked

Cora Shape by Henry Alcock. Left: a 23” high

pedestal. This piece probably doesn’t have much

age, but it’s a very handsome item. Imagine a great

pot of ferns on it.

Bertica Vasseur brought two ham stands. It turns out that the marks which are

displayed prominently on the top of the stands are advertisements for the compa-

nies. The stand on the right is shown with its original metal spike which was

screwed into the center pillar and held the ham firmly. This is the only complete

one we have seen so far.

Vol. 18.1

SHOW & TELL

Carl Gortzig is the proud owner of this fanciful desktop inkwell. Thereare two ink pots at the top and one is stained from ink. The lid, top center,fits over the ink pots and looks looks small here because of the camera lensperspective.

Tom Lautenschlager brought a huge high relief jugwhich probably holds a gallon and a half of liquid. Thephoto at the left shows a child’s creamer for comparison.

Gloria Wetherby demon-strated this water server.She had the wooden basemade to hold the pieceupright because its ovalshape does not let it standupright. Originally it hada metal stand which usedthe knobs at both ends fortipping.

Vol. 18.1

John Yunginger brought this FramedPanels sugar. This shape has hadmany names over the years and haseven confounded Jean Wetherbee. Ithas been known as Framed Arches andFramed Loops, but we are declaring itFramed Panels with Jean’s approval.

This shape, which has been known as 12-PanelGothic, is actually Baltic Shape according to the regis-tration information. Patty Hurt displayed the pottywhich is owned by Tom & Olga Moreland..

Boyd Payne has the great ability to findpieces of known Shapes that have neverbeen seen. At the left is an Olympic Shapecookie or bread plate. At the right is a NileShape relish or pickle dish.

Vol. 18.1

Collection Management Committee

The WICA Collection Management Committee announces a program to assistmembers with the organization or dispersal of their ironstone collections. This as-sistance is provided at no charge by volunteer WICA members. Help can be pro-vided by phone or e-mail for such things as shape identification or advice regardingcomputer software for organizing a collection. In-person help is also available forsuch things as photography, identification of repaired items, or actual preparationof an electronic inventory. For in-person help, the volunteer may request reim-bursement of travel and/or lodging expenses. These volunteers are not functioningas agents of WICA and are not licensed to appraise the value of individual piecesor collections for tax or estate purposes. In addition, the volunteers agree not topurchase or receive as a gift any part of the collection with which they are assist-ing.

Members who are seeking assistance should contact any of the members of theCollection Management Committee listed below to discuss their specific needs.Conversely, members who are willing to provide such assistance should requestand complete a volunteer form available from John Yunginger ([email protected]). A listing of volunteers will be posted on the WICA Members Only websitelater this summer. Finally, our committee will also be compiling and posting a listof auctioneers who are familiar with white ironstone china. This listing may beuseful to members who are liquidating large collections or to executors of deceasedmembers’ estates. WICA members are encouraged to e-mail John Yunginger withthe names of such auctioneers in their home area.

We are excited to offer these programs and look forward to receiving any commentsor questions.

Collection Management Committee

John Yunginger, ChairJane DiemerBob HohlJill O’HaraBarbara TegtmeyerDon Wagner

COLLECTORS’ SHOWCASE

SPARE PARTS

I am looking for an "EARLY SWIRL"sauce tureen lid to complete a saucetureen.Bertica Vasseur, 603-899-2886 or e-mailelmwoodct@aol.com--------------------------------------------------SYDENHAM SHAPE -7 3/4” dia. roundlid for stew tureen. Also looking for a 10”pitcher, mug, and butter dish in SYDEN-HAM SHAPE.Mike Hair, 717-263-0792 or e-mailmchair@embarqmail.com--------------------------------------------------FLUTED GOTHIC soup tureen lid byJames Edwards. Morning Glory coffeepot lid. Fluted Double Swirl (James Ed-wards) sauce tureen and lid.Jane Diemer, 302-475-7412, or e-mailpahbubba@comcast.net--------------------------------------------------FORGET-ME-NOT soup tureen liner, FORGET-ME-NOT toothbrush liner, FULL RIBBED teapot lid,

GIRARD SHAPE sugar bowl lid, GOTHIC SHAPE teapot lid, GRAND LOOP toothbrush vase liner,SHAW’S LOV sauce tureen liner, MEADOW BOUQUET sugar bowl lid,NOSEGAY SHAPE sugar bowl lid.Rick Nielsen, 314-997-7963 or e-mailrn1132@earthlink.net--------------------------------------------------Would like a creamer in: PORTLAND,MORNING GLORY, VICTOR or ATHE-NIA. Would like a teapot in: ADRIATIC,ARCHED WHEAT, PORTLAND or AT-LANTIC. Would like sauce tureens in:SCOTIA, MOBILE and PRIZE BLOOM.VINTAGE sauce and soup tureen lids,NEW YORK soup tureen lid.Bill Lancaster, 608-325-5724 or e-maillancastermonroe@charter.net--------------------------------------------------CERES SHAPE by E&F base to soap boxand base to brush box,BASKETWEAVE large tray for cheesedome.

Ernie Dieringer, 203-938-3740 or e-maildieringer1@aol.com--------------------------------------------------MORNING GLORY by E&F teapot lid, LILY OF THE VALLEY by Shaw creamer& sugar, ST. LOUIS SHAPE creamer, TRENT SHAPE by John Alcock creamer, PANELED GRAPE by JF sugar bowl,ORIENTAL SHAPE by Gross & Co.creamer,PRIZE PURITAN by TJ&J Mayer under-trays.We have 10” x 13 3/4” & 11” x 15”. weneed 12” x 16” with inside base size 6 7/8”x 5 3/8”Dave & Karen Klein, 563-514-7116 or e-mailrvman@mchsi.com--------------------------------------------------FUCHSIA by J. & G. Meakin sugar bowllid.Gerald Goar, 585-343-7619

Paul Millette and Russ Symons have a very per-sonal reason for collecting Montpelier Shape.They live in Vermont, where Montpelier is thecapital for one thing and the date it was registeredin Kew is the same date their house was built,1849.

This six-sided tureen by John Ridgway & Co.,is wonderful because it is the only one we knowthat is complete including its under tray. Its KewRegistration number is #54662.

Vol. 18.1

7 #%˚˚ · 2018. 7. 31. · & ˛ ˜7 #%˚˚ " ˜& ˜$ˆ ˜ & " ˘ ˝ ’...

Documents