6th grade-ch. 2 sec. 2 electric current
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Ch. 2Sec. 2
Electric Current
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electric current•continuous flow of electric charges thru. a material
•unit=amp
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Representing an Electric Current
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electric circuit• complete, unbroken path thru. which electric charges can flow
Simple Circuits activity
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electrical potential
•potential energy per unit of electrical charge
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2 factors that affect
flow of current
voltage (potential difference)
resistance
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Jobs
•1 – Bomb Squad
•2 – Ultimate Switcher
•3 – Big Juicer
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conductor
•material through which a charge can flow easily
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conductor • electrons are only loosely bound to their atoms
• ex. copper, silver
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conductors
• silver • copper • gold • aluminum • iron
• steel • brass • bronze • mercury • graphite • water
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insulator
•material through which a charge can not flow easily
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insulator• charges not able to move freely
• electrons are bound tightly to their atoms
• eg. plastic, wood
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insulators• glass • rubber • plastic• asphalt • fiberglass • porcelain • ceramic
• quartz • (dry) cotton • (dry) paper • (dry) wood • air • diamond
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Conductors and Insulators [00:59]
Conductors and Insulators Online Activity
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Voltage (potential difference)
1.1. DifferenceDifference in electrical potential between 2 places
2. Causes current to flow thru. electric circuit
3. unit = volt
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Voltage in a circuit is similar to the difference in potential energy on a roller coaster.
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POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE
Just as water flows downhill, electrons flow from places of higher potential to places of lower potential. The difference in electrical potential between two places is called potential difference.
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WHAT IS VOLTAGE?Voltage is potential difference measured
by a ______________ ?
VOLTMETERThe unit of measure in potential difference is called the volt. For that reason, potential difference may be called voltage.
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ELECTRON FLOWElectrons will flow as long as there is a potential difference or voltage between two parts of a circuit.
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WHAT CAUSES CURRENT TO FLOW?
Voltage causes current to flow through anelectric circuit. The flow of electrons through amaterial is called ___________?
Electric Current
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voltage source• creates potential difference
• eg. battery & generator
• increase in voltage causes greater flow of electric current
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voltage source
•has 2 terminals
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resistance• measure of how difficult it is for
charges to flow thru. a material• unit = ohm
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factors that
determineresistance
of a wire
material from
which wire is
made
length of
wire
diameterof
wire
temp. of
wire
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Charges flow through the wire, not the
bird, because the wire offers
less resistance.
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BBC - Schools Science Clips - Circuits and
conductors
BBC- Schools Science Clips-Changing Circuits
http://www.learningcircuits.co.uk/
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What happens when an electric current is produced?
• a continuous flow of charges travel through a material
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Contrast electric current and static electricity.
• An electric current is a continuous flow of charge. In static electricity, charges build up but do not flow.
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Explain why electric current cannot exist if an electric
circuit is broken.• charges cannot flow because the path is not complete
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Define conductor and insulator.
• conductor = material is a material through which charges can flow through easily
• insulator = material through which charges cannot flow through easily
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List materials that make good conductors. List materials
that make good conductors.
• good conductors = silver, copper, aluminum and iron
• good insulators = rubber, sand, plastic and wood.
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Create a concept map using the following terms:
• Electric current
• Electric circuit
• Conductor
• Insulator
• Voltage
• Resistance
• Ohms
• Amperes
• Volts
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Electriccurrent
resistance voltage
ohms volts
amps