69451 weinheim, germany carbohydrate microarray analysis of 24 lectins joseph c. manimala, timothy...
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Supporting Information copy Wiley-VCH 2006
69451 Weinheim Germany
High-Throughput Carbohydrate Microarray Analysis of 24 Lectins
Joseph C Manimala Timothy A Roach Zhitao Li and Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry National Cancer Institute 376 Boyles St Bldg 376 Rm 109
Frederick MD 21702
S1
Materials and General Methods Unless otherwise stated reagents were obtained from
commercial suppliers and used without purification All aqueous solutions were prepared from distilled
deionized water filtered with a Milli-Q purification system and sterile filtered through a 02 microm filter
Blood group A-BSA Lea-BSA Leb-BSA SLex-BSA Galβ1-4GlcNAc-BSA Galα1-3Gal-BSA
mannotriose-BSA Globotriose-HSA and Siaα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-BSA were purchased from Dextra
Labs OSM Galβ1-3GalNAc-HSA and Ley-HSA were purchased from Isosep (Tullinge Sweden) KLH
(keyhole limpet hemocyanin) BSA (bovine serum albumin) HSA (human serum albumin catA3782
ge99 pure essentially globulin free ~0005 fatty acids) BSM (bovine submaxillary mucin) Galα1-
4Galβ-CETE-BSA (CETE = carboxyethylthioethyl linker) and Glcα1-6Glcα1-4Glcα1-4Glcβ-CETE-
BSA were purchased from Sigma Galβ1-4Glcβ ndash BSA (Lac) and Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ ndash BSA (Lec) were
purchased from Glycorex (Lund Sweden) Blood Group B ndash BSA [Galα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ-10 atom
spacer] was purchased from EMD (San Diego CA) 3rsquoSialyllactose-APD-HSA 6rsquoSialyllactose-APD-
HSA Sia-LeA-APD-HSA (SLea) Blood Group H2 Lex-APD-HSA Di-Lex-APE-BSA and Blood group
H1-APD-HSA were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) Fatty acid binding protein
(FABP) was purchased from Spectral Diagnostics (Toronto Canada) Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
was purchased from Fisher Scientific Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was purchased from US
Biologicals (Swampscott MA) Thyroblobulin (Tgl) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) were purchased from Biodesign (Saco Maine) The preparation of Cy3-BSA Cy5-BSA
Glcβ-BSA GalNAcα-BSA Glcα-BSA Manα-BSA GlcNAcβ-BSA Tn-BSA GalNAcα1-6Gal-BSA
GalNAcα1-3Gal-BSA and GlcNAcα1-4Gal-BSA was previously reported[1] Cy3 and Cy5 labeled BSA
were used as positive controls while unmodified BSA and HSA were used as the negative control
Helix aspersa agglutinin (HAA) Lima bean agglutinin (LBA also known as Phaseolus lunatus)
and Salvia sclarea Agglutinin (SSA) were purchased in their pure form from EY Laboratories (San
Mateo CA) All the other lectins were purchased as a biotinylated conjugate Amaranthus caudatus
lectin (ACL) Byronia purpurea lectin (BPL) Concanavalin A (Con A) Sambucus nigra Lectin (SNL)
S2
Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I Isolectin B4 (GSL I) Griffonia
simplicifolia lectin II (GSL II) Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL) Maclura pomifer lectin (MPL) Peanut
agglutinin (PNA) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL) Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA
120) Soybean agglutinin (SBA) Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEAI) Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)
Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were purchased from Vector
Laboratories (Burlingame CA) Dolichos biflorus lectin (DBL) and Helix pomatia lectin (HPL) were
purchased from Sigma (St Louis MO) HAA LBA and SSA were biotinylated as follows Each
reaction was carried out at a ratio of 20 biotin NHS esters (Biotin-X-NHS was purchased from
Calbiochem San Diego CA) for every molecule of lectin Briefly to a solution of lectin (045 micromoles)
in PBS buffer at pH 72 was added biotin-X-NHS (5 mg 9 micro moles) in DMF The reaction mixture was
incubated for two hours and the excess biotin-X-NHS and salts were removed using a desalting spin
column (Pierce Rockford IL)
Streptavidin-HRP was purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham AL) Cyanine 3-
Tyramide labeling reagent was purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc (Boston MA) The
epoxide derivatized Nunc ArrayCote 16 well microarray slides were purchased from Nalge Nunc
International (Rochester NY) and the arrays were printed by KamTek Inc (Gaithersburg MD)
NMR spectra were recorded on a Unity Inova 400 Fourier transform NMR spectrometer All
proton NMR data was obtained at 400 MHz and all carbon NMR data was obtained at 100 MHz Proton
chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS) unless
otherwise noted Carbon chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from TMS
using the CDCl3 as an internal reference unless otherwise noted Coupling constants (J) are reported in
hertz (Hz) Multiplicities are abbreviated as follows singlet (s) doublet (d) triplet (t) quartet (q)
quintuplet (p) multiplet (m) and broadened (br) High resolution mass spectra were obtained on a VG
ZAB (University of California Riverside Mass Spectrometry Facility) MALDI-TOF analysis of the
BSA conjugates was obtained by the Protein Chemistry Laboratory at the NCI-Frederick
S3
Preparation of Glycoconjugates and Glycoproteins for the Array
Coupling of Oligosaccharides to BSA via Reductive Amination Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-
4Xylβ1-4Xyl Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Ara Xylα1-6Glcβ1-4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-
4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-4Glc Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-Man and Manβ1-4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-
4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Man were purchased from Megazyme International (Co Wicklow Ireland)
LNT LSTa and LSTb were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) LSTc and GA1 were
purchased from Dextra Labs (Reading UK) Reductive aminations were carried out following the
procedure of Roy et al[2]
Preparation of aBSM aOSM aGn Bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) was purchased from
Sigma Ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) was purchased from IsoSep (Tullinge Sweden) and
glycophorin (Gn) was purchased from Sigma BSM OSM and Gn were de-sialylated with mild acid
treatment to produce asialo-BSM (aBSM) asialo-OSM (aOSM) and asialo-glycophorin (aGn) following
the literature procedure[3]
De-O-Acetylated BSM BSM (4 mg) was dissolved in water (1 mL) and cooled to 4degC 1M
NaOH (10 microL) was added and the reaction was allowed to sit for 1 hr De-O-acetylated BSM
(deAcBSM) was dialyzed extensively with PBS
S4
Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Coupling to BSA
OAcO
AcONHAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1ONHAc
S
OR1
S2S3 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S4 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-345-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S3) 2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-1346-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranose (800
mg 206 mmol) and linker S1[4] (422 mg 200 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) SnCl4
(31 mL of 1M solution in CH2Cl2 31 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature
for 7 days The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (~30 mL) and sat NaHCO3 (5 mL)
was added After bubbling ceased the reaction was washed with 1M K2CO3 (~20 mL) The organic
layer was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo The product was purified by column
chromatography (40 acetone in dichloromethane) to yield an alphabeta mixture (640 mg) The pure
beta anomer was obtained by repeated column chromatography to afford S3 (280 mg 28) Rf = 030
(40 acetone in dichloromethane) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 638 (br t J = 56 Hz 1H NH-linker) 596 (d J
= 95 Hz 1H NHAc) 540 (dd J = 25 33 Hz 1H H4) 512 (dd J = 33 108 Hz 1H H3) 463 (d J
= 106 Hz 1H H1) 430 (ddd J = 95 106 106 Hz 1H H2) 412 (m 2H H6) 395 (app t J = 69 Hz
1H H5) 368 (s 3H OCH3) 362 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 296 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 192 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1739 1728 1709 1708 1706 1704 845 749 716 671 619 518 495 384 355
333 303 235 211 209 208
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S4)
S3 (120 mg 023 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and 1M NaOH (15 mL) was added The
reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then neutralized with amberlyst acid resin The reaction was filtered
and the resin was washed with methanol The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
S5
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
High-Throughput Carbohydrate Microarray Analysis of 24 Lectins
Joseph C Manimala Timothy A Roach Zhitao Li and Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry National Cancer Institute 376 Boyles St Bldg 376 Rm 109
Frederick MD 21702
S1
Materials and General Methods Unless otherwise stated reagents were obtained from
commercial suppliers and used without purification All aqueous solutions were prepared from distilled
deionized water filtered with a Milli-Q purification system and sterile filtered through a 02 microm filter
Blood group A-BSA Lea-BSA Leb-BSA SLex-BSA Galβ1-4GlcNAc-BSA Galα1-3Gal-BSA
mannotriose-BSA Globotriose-HSA and Siaα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-BSA were purchased from Dextra
Labs OSM Galβ1-3GalNAc-HSA and Ley-HSA were purchased from Isosep (Tullinge Sweden) KLH
(keyhole limpet hemocyanin) BSA (bovine serum albumin) HSA (human serum albumin catA3782
ge99 pure essentially globulin free ~0005 fatty acids) BSM (bovine submaxillary mucin) Galα1-
4Galβ-CETE-BSA (CETE = carboxyethylthioethyl linker) and Glcα1-6Glcα1-4Glcα1-4Glcβ-CETE-
BSA were purchased from Sigma Galβ1-4Glcβ ndash BSA (Lac) and Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ ndash BSA (Lec) were
purchased from Glycorex (Lund Sweden) Blood Group B ndash BSA [Galα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ-10 atom
spacer] was purchased from EMD (San Diego CA) 3rsquoSialyllactose-APD-HSA 6rsquoSialyllactose-APD-
HSA Sia-LeA-APD-HSA (SLea) Blood Group H2 Lex-APD-HSA Di-Lex-APE-BSA and Blood group
H1-APD-HSA were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) Fatty acid binding protein
(FABP) was purchased from Spectral Diagnostics (Toronto Canada) Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
was purchased from Fisher Scientific Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was purchased from US
Biologicals (Swampscott MA) Thyroblobulin (Tgl) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) were purchased from Biodesign (Saco Maine) The preparation of Cy3-BSA Cy5-BSA
Glcβ-BSA GalNAcα-BSA Glcα-BSA Manα-BSA GlcNAcβ-BSA Tn-BSA GalNAcα1-6Gal-BSA
GalNAcα1-3Gal-BSA and GlcNAcα1-4Gal-BSA was previously reported[1] Cy3 and Cy5 labeled BSA
were used as positive controls while unmodified BSA and HSA were used as the negative control
Helix aspersa agglutinin (HAA) Lima bean agglutinin (LBA also known as Phaseolus lunatus)
and Salvia sclarea Agglutinin (SSA) were purchased in their pure form from EY Laboratories (San
Mateo CA) All the other lectins were purchased as a biotinylated conjugate Amaranthus caudatus
lectin (ACL) Byronia purpurea lectin (BPL) Concanavalin A (Con A) Sambucus nigra Lectin (SNL)
S2
Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I Isolectin B4 (GSL I) Griffonia
simplicifolia lectin II (GSL II) Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL) Maclura pomifer lectin (MPL) Peanut
agglutinin (PNA) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL) Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA
120) Soybean agglutinin (SBA) Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEAI) Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)
Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were purchased from Vector
Laboratories (Burlingame CA) Dolichos biflorus lectin (DBL) and Helix pomatia lectin (HPL) were
purchased from Sigma (St Louis MO) HAA LBA and SSA were biotinylated as follows Each
reaction was carried out at a ratio of 20 biotin NHS esters (Biotin-X-NHS was purchased from
Calbiochem San Diego CA) for every molecule of lectin Briefly to a solution of lectin (045 micromoles)
in PBS buffer at pH 72 was added biotin-X-NHS (5 mg 9 micro moles) in DMF The reaction mixture was
incubated for two hours and the excess biotin-X-NHS and salts were removed using a desalting spin
column (Pierce Rockford IL)
Streptavidin-HRP was purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham AL) Cyanine 3-
Tyramide labeling reagent was purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc (Boston MA) The
epoxide derivatized Nunc ArrayCote 16 well microarray slides were purchased from Nalge Nunc
International (Rochester NY) and the arrays were printed by KamTek Inc (Gaithersburg MD)
NMR spectra were recorded on a Unity Inova 400 Fourier transform NMR spectrometer All
proton NMR data was obtained at 400 MHz and all carbon NMR data was obtained at 100 MHz Proton
chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS) unless
otherwise noted Carbon chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from TMS
using the CDCl3 as an internal reference unless otherwise noted Coupling constants (J) are reported in
hertz (Hz) Multiplicities are abbreviated as follows singlet (s) doublet (d) triplet (t) quartet (q)
quintuplet (p) multiplet (m) and broadened (br) High resolution mass spectra were obtained on a VG
ZAB (University of California Riverside Mass Spectrometry Facility) MALDI-TOF analysis of the
BSA conjugates was obtained by the Protein Chemistry Laboratory at the NCI-Frederick
S3
Preparation of Glycoconjugates and Glycoproteins for the Array
Coupling of Oligosaccharides to BSA via Reductive Amination Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-
4Xylβ1-4Xyl Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Ara Xylα1-6Glcβ1-4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-
4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-4Glc Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-Man and Manβ1-4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-
4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Man were purchased from Megazyme International (Co Wicklow Ireland)
LNT LSTa and LSTb were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) LSTc and GA1 were
purchased from Dextra Labs (Reading UK) Reductive aminations were carried out following the
procedure of Roy et al[2]
Preparation of aBSM aOSM aGn Bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) was purchased from
Sigma Ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) was purchased from IsoSep (Tullinge Sweden) and
glycophorin (Gn) was purchased from Sigma BSM OSM and Gn were de-sialylated with mild acid
treatment to produce asialo-BSM (aBSM) asialo-OSM (aOSM) and asialo-glycophorin (aGn) following
the literature procedure[3]
De-O-Acetylated BSM BSM (4 mg) was dissolved in water (1 mL) and cooled to 4degC 1M
NaOH (10 microL) was added and the reaction was allowed to sit for 1 hr De-O-acetylated BSM
(deAcBSM) was dialyzed extensively with PBS
S4
Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Coupling to BSA
OAcO
AcONHAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1ONHAc
S
OR1
S2S3 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S4 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-345-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S3) 2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-1346-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranose (800
mg 206 mmol) and linker S1[4] (422 mg 200 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) SnCl4
(31 mL of 1M solution in CH2Cl2 31 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature
for 7 days The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (~30 mL) and sat NaHCO3 (5 mL)
was added After bubbling ceased the reaction was washed with 1M K2CO3 (~20 mL) The organic
layer was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo The product was purified by column
chromatography (40 acetone in dichloromethane) to yield an alphabeta mixture (640 mg) The pure
beta anomer was obtained by repeated column chromatography to afford S3 (280 mg 28) Rf = 030
(40 acetone in dichloromethane) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 638 (br t J = 56 Hz 1H NH-linker) 596 (d J
= 95 Hz 1H NHAc) 540 (dd J = 25 33 Hz 1H H4) 512 (dd J = 33 108 Hz 1H H3) 463 (d J
= 106 Hz 1H H1) 430 (ddd J = 95 106 106 Hz 1H H2) 412 (m 2H H6) 395 (app t J = 69 Hz
1H H5) 368 (s 3H OCH3) 362 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 296 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 192 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1739 1728 1709 1708 1706 1704 845 749 716 671 619 518 495 384 355
333 303 235 211 209 208
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S4)
S3 (120 mg 023 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and 1M NaOH (15 mL) was added The
reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then neutralized with amberlyst acid resin The reaction was filtered
and the resin was washed with methanol The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
S5
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
Materials and General Methods Unless otherwise stated reagents were obtained from
commercial suppliers and used without purification All aqueous solutions were prepared from distilled
deionized water filtered with a Milli-Q purification system and sterile filtered through a 02 microm filter
Blood group A-BSA Lea-BSA Leb-BSA SLex-BSA Galβ1-4GlcNAc-BSA Galα1-3Gal-BSA
mannotriose-BSA Globotriose-HSA and Siaα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc-BSA were purchased from Dextra
Labs OSM Galβ1-3GalNAc-HSA and Ley-HSA were purchased from Isosep (Tullinge Sweden) KLH
(keyhole limpet hemocyanin) BSA (bovine serum albumin) HSA (human serum albumin catA3782
ge99 pure essentially globulin free ~0005 fatty acids) BSM (bovine submaxillary mucin) Galα1-
4Galβ-CETE-BSA (CETE = carboxyethylthioethyl linker) and Glcα1-6Glcα1-4Glcα1-4Glcβ-CETE-
BSA were purchased from Sigma Galβ1-4Glcβ ndash BSA (Lac) and Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ ndash BSA (Lec) were
purchased from Glycorex (Lund Sweden) Blood Group B ndash BSA [Galα1-3(Fucα1-2)Galβ-10 atom
spacer] was purchased from EMD (San Diego CA) 3rsquoSialyllactose-APD-HSA 6rsquoSialyllactose-APD-
HSA Sia-LeA-APD-HSA (SLea) Blood Group H2 Lex-APD-HSA Di-Lex-APE-BSA and Blood group
H1-APD-HSA were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) Fatty acid binding protein
(FABP) was purchased from Spectral Diagnostics (Toronto Canada) Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
was purchased from Fisher Scientific Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) was purchased from US
Biologicals (Swampscott MA) Thyroblobulin (Tgl) alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic
antigen (CEA) were purchased from Biodesign (Saco Maine) The preparation of Cy3-BSA Cy5-BSA
Glcβ-BSA GalNAcα-BSA Glcα-BSA Manα-BSA GlcNAcβ-BSA Tn-BSA GalNAcα1-6Gal-BSA
GalNAcα1-3Gal-BSA and GlcNAcα1-4Gal-BSA was previously reported[1] Cy3 and Cy5 labeled BSA
were used as positive controls while unmodified BSA and HSA were used as the negative control
Helix aspersa agglutinin (HAA) Lima bean agglutinin (LBA also known as Phaseolus lunatus)
and Salvia sclarea Agglutinin (SSA) were purchased in their pure form from EY Laboratories (San
Mateo CA) All the other lectins were purchased as a biotinylated conjugate Amaranthus caudatus
lectin (ACL) Byronia purpurea lectin (BPL) Concanavalin A (Con A) Sambucus nigra Lectin (SNL)
S2
Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I Isolectin B4 (GSL I) Griffonia
simplicifolia lectin II (GSL II) Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL) Maclura pomifer lectin (MPL) Peanut
agglutinin (PNA) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL) Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA
120) Soybean agglutinin (SBA) Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEAI) Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)
Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were purchased from Vector
Laboratories (Burlingame CA) Dolichos biflorus lectin (DBL) and Helix pomatia lectin (HPL) were
purchased from Sigma (St Louis MO) HAA LBA and SSA were biotinylated as follows Each
reaction was carried out at a ratio of 20 biotin NHS esters (Biotin-X-NHS was purchased from
Calbiochem San Diego CA) for every molecule of lectin Briefly to a solution of lectin (045 micromoles)
in PBS buffer at pH 72 was added biotin-X-NHS (5 mg 9 micro moles) in DMF The reaction mixture was
incubated for two hours and the excess biotin-X-NHS and salts were removed using a desalting spin
column (Pierce Rockford IL)
Streptavidin-HRP was purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham AL) Cyanine 3-
Tyramide labeling reagent was purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc (Boston MA) The
epoxide derivatized Nunc ArrayCote 16 well microarray slides were purchased from Nalge Nunc
International (Rochester NY) and the arrays were printed by KamTek Inc (Gaithersburg MD)
NMR spectra were recorded on a Unity Inova 400 Fourier transform NMR spectrometer All
proton NMR data was obtained at 400 MHz and all carbon NMR data was obtained at 100 MHz Proton
chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS) unless
otherwise noted Carbon chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from TMS
using the CDCl3 as an internal reference unless otherwise noted Coupling constants (J) are reported in
hertz (Hz) Multiplicities are abbreviated as follows singlet (s) doublet (d) triplet (t) quartet (q)
quintuplet (p) multiplet (m) and broadened (br) High resolution mass spectra were obtained on a VG
ZAB (University of California Riverside Mass Spectrometry Facility) MALDI-TOF analysis of the
BSA conjugates was obtained by the Protein Chemistry Laboratory at the NCI-Frederick
S3
Preparation of Glycoconjugates and Glycoproteins for the Array
Coupling of Oligosaccharides to BSA via Reductive Amination Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-
4Xylβ1-4Xyl Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Ara Xylα1-6Glcβ1-4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-
4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-4Glc Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-Man and Manβ1-4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-
4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Man were purchased from Megazyme International (Co Wicklow Ireland)
LNT LSTa and LSTb were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) LSTc and GA1 were
purchased from Dextra Labs (Reading UK) Reductive aminations were carried out following the
procedure of Roy et al[2]
Preparation of aBSM aOSM aGn Bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) was purchased from
Sigma Ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) was purchased from IsoSep (Tullinge Sweden) and
glycophorin (Gn) was purchased from Sigma BSM OSM and Gn were de-sialylated with mild acid
treatment to produce asialo-BSM (aBSM) asialo-OSM (aOSM) and asialo-glycophorin (aGn) following
the literature procedure[3]
De-O-Acetylated BSM BSM (4 mg) was dissolved in water (1 mL) and cooled to 4degC 1M
NaOH (10 microL) was added and the reaction was allowed to sit for 1 hr De-O-acetylated BSM
(deAcBSM) was dialyzed extensively with PBS
S4
Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Coupling to BSA
OAcO
AcONHAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1ONHAc
S
OR1
S2S3 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S4 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-345-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S3) 2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-1346-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranose (800
mg 206 mmol) and linker S1[4] (422 mg 200 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) SnCl4
(31 mL of 1M solution in CH2Cl2 31 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature
for 7 days The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (~30 mL) and sat NaHCO3 (5 mL)
was added After bubbling ceased the reaction was washed with 1M K2CO3 (~20 mL) The organic
layer was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo The product was purified by column
chromatography (40 acetone in dichloromethane) to yield an alphabeta mixture (640 mg) The pure
beta anomer was obtained by repeated column chromatography to afford S3 (280 mg 28) Rf = 030
(40 acetone in dichloromethane) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 638 (br t J = 56 Hz 1H NH-linker) 596 (d J
= 95 Hz 1H NHAc) 540 (dd J = 25 33 Hz 1H H4) 512 (dd J = 33 108 Hz 1H H3) 463 (d J
= 106 Hz 1H H1) 430 (ddd J = 95 106 106 Hz 1H H2) 412 (m 2H H6) 395 (app t J = 69 Hz
1H H5) 368 (s 3H OCH3) 362 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 296 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 192 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1739 1728 1709 1708 1706 1704 845 749 716 671 619 518 495 384 355
333 303 235 211 209 208
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S4)
S3 (120 mg 023 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and 1M NaOH (15 mL) was added The
reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then neutralized with amberlyst acid resin The reaction was filtered
and the resin was washed with methanol The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
S5
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
Erythrina cristagalli lectin (ECL) Griffonia simplicifolia lectin I Isolectin B4 (GSL I) Griffonia
simplicifolia lectin II (GSL II) Lotus tetragonolobus lectin (LTL) Maclura pomifer lectin (MPL) Peanut
agglutinin (PNA) Psophocarpus tetragonolobus lectin I (PTL) Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA
120) Soybean agglutinin (SBA) Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEAI) Vicia villosa lectin (VVL)
Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were purchased from Vector
Laboratories (Burlingame CA) Dolichos biflorus lectin (DBL) and Helix pomatia lectin (HPL) were
purchased from Sigma (St Louis MO) HAA LBA and SSA were biotinylated as follows Each
reaction was carried out at a ratio of 20 biotin NHS esters (Biotin-X-NHS was purchased from
Calbiochem San Diego CA) for every molecule of lectin Briefly to a solution of lectin (045 micromoles)
in PBS buffer at pH 72 was added biotin-X-NHS (5 mg 9 micro moles) in DMF The reaction mixture was
incubated for two hours and the excess biotin-X-NHS and salts were removed using a desalting spin
column (Pierce Rockford IL)
Streptavidin-HRP was purchased from Southern Biotech (Birmingham AL) Cyanine 3-
Tyramide labeling reagent was purchased from PerkinElmer Life Sciences Inc (Boston MA) The
epoxide derivatized Nunc ArrayCote 16 well microarray slides were purchased from Nalge Nunc
International (Rochester NY) and the arrays were printed by KamTek Inc (Gaithersburg MD)
NMR spectra were recorded on a Unity Inova 400 Fourier transform NMR spectrometer All
proton NMR data was obtained at 400 MHz and all carbon NMR data was obtained at 100 MHz Proton
chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from tetramethylsilane (TMS) unless
otherwise noted Carbon chemical shifts are reported in parts per million (ppm) downfield from TMS
using the CDCl3 as an internal reference unless otherwise noted Coupling constants (J) are reported in
hertz (Hz) Multiplicities are abbreviated as follows singlet (s) doublet (d) triplet (t) quartet (q)
quintuplet (p) multiplet (m) and broadened (br) High resolution mass spectra were obtained on a VG
ZAB (University of California Riverside Mass Spectrometry Facility) MALDI-TOF analysis of the
BSA conjugates was obtained by the Protein Chemistry Laboratory at the NCI-Frederick
S3
Preparation of Glycoconjugates and Glycoproteins for the Array
Coupling of Oligosaccharides to BSA via Reductive Amination Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-
4Xylβ1-4Xyl Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Ara Xylα1-6Glcβ1-4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-
4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-4Glc Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-Man and Manβ1-4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-
4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Man were purchased from Megazyme International (Co Wicklow Ireland)
LNT LSTa and LSTb were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) LSTc and GA1 were
purchased from Dextra Labs (Reading UK) Reductive aminations were carried out following the
procedure of Roy et al[2]
Preparation of aBSM aOSM aGn Bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) was purchased from
Sigma Ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) was purchased from IsoSep (Tullinge Sweden) and
glycophorin (Gn) was purchased from Sigma BSM OSM and Gn were de-sialylated with mild acid
treatment to produce asialo-BSM (aBSM) asialo-OSM (aOSM) and asialo-glycophorin (aGn) following
the literature procedure[3]
De-O-Acetylated BSM BSM (4 mg) was dissolved in water (1 mL) and cooled to 4degC 1M
NaOH (10 microL) was added and the reaction was allowed to sit for 1 hr De-O-acetylated BSM
(deAcBSM) was dialyzed extensively with PBS
S4
Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Coupling to BSA
OAcO
AcONHAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1ONHAc
S
OR1
S2S3 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S4 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-345-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S3) 2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-1346-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranose (800
mg 206 mmol) and linker S1[4] (422 mg 200 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) SnCl4
(31 mL of 1M solution in CH2Cl2 31 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature
for 7 days The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (~30 mL) and sat NaHCO3 (5 mL)
was added After bubbling ceased the reaction was washed with 1M K2CO3 (~20 mL) The organic
layer was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo The product was purified by column
chromatography (40 acetone in dichloromethane) to yield an alphabeta mixture (640 mg) The pure
beta anomer was obtained by repeated column chromatography to afford S3 (280 mg 28) Rf = 030
(40 acetone in dichloromethane) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 638 (br t J = 56 Hz 1H NH-linker) 596 (d J
= 95 Hz 1H NHAc) 540 (dd J = 25 33 Hz 1H H4) 512 (dd J = 33 108 Hz 1H H3) 463 (d J
= 106 Hz 1H H1) 430 (ddd J = 95 106 106 Hz 1H H2) 412 (m 2H H6) 395 (app t J = 69 Hz
1H H5) 368 (s 3H OCH3) 362 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 296 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 192 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1739 1728 1709 1708 1706 1704 845 749 716 671 619 518 495 384 355
333 303 235 211 209 208
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S4)
S3 (120 mg 023 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and 1M NaOH (15 mL) was added The
reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then neutralized with amberlyst acid resin The reaction was filtered
and the resin was washed with methanol The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
S5
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
Preparation of Glycoconjugates and Glycoproteins for the Array
Coupling of Oligosaccharides to BSA via Reductive Amination Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-4Xylβ1-
4Xylβ1-4Xyl Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Araα1-5Ara Xylα1-6Glcβ1-4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-
4(Xylα1-6)Glcβ1-4Glc Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Manβ1-Man and Manβ1-4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-
4(Galα1-6)Manβ1-4Manβ1-4Man were purchased from Megazyme International (Co Wicklow Ireland)
LNT LSTa and LSTb were purchased from Glycotech (Gaithersburg Maryland) LSTc and GA1 were
purchased from Dextra Labs (Reading UK) Reductive aminations were carried out following the
procedure of Roy et al[2]
Preparation of aBSM aOSM aGn Bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) was purchased from
Sigma Ovine submaxillary mucin (OSM) was purchased from IsoSep (Tullinge Sweden) and
glycophorin (Gn) was purchased from Sigma BSM OSM and Gn were de-sialylated with mild acid
treatment to produce asialo-BSM (aBSM) asialo-OSM (aOSM) and asialo-glycophorin (aGn) following
the literature procedure[3]
De-O-Acetylated BSM BSM (4 mg) was dissolved in water (1 mL) and cooled to 4degC 1M
NaOH (10 microL) was added and the reaction was allowed to sit for 1 hr De-O-acetylated BSM
(deAcBSM) was dialyzed extensively with PBS
S4
Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Coupling to BSA
OAcO
AcONHAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1ONHAc
S
OR1
S2S3 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S4 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-345-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S3) 2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-1346-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranose (800
mg 206 mmol) and linker S1[4] (422 mg 200 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) SnCl4
(31 mL of 1M solution in CH2Cl2 31 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature
for 7 days The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (~30 mL) and sat NaHCO3 (5 mL)
was added After bubbling ceased the reaction was washed with 1M K2CO3 (~20 mL) The organic
layer was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo The product was purified by column
chromatography (40 acetone in dichloromethane) to yield an alphabeta mixture (640 mg) The pure
beta anomer was obtained by repeated column chromatography to afford S3 (280 mg 28) Rf = 030
(40 acetone in dichloromethane) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 638 (br t J = 56 Hz 1H NH-linker) 596 (d J
= 95 Hz 1H NHAc) 540 (dd J = 25 33 Hz 1H H4) 512 (dd J = 33 108 Hz 1H H3) 463 (d J
= 106 Hz 1H H1) 430 (ddd J = 95 106 106 Hz 1H H2) 412 (m 2H H6) 395 (app t J = 69 Hz
1H H5) 368 (s 3H OCH3) 362 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 296 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 192 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1739 1728 1709 1708 1706 1704 845 749 716 671 619 518 495 384 355
333 303 235 211 209 208
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S4)
S3 (120 mg 023 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and 1M NaOH (15 mL) was added The
reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then neutralized with amberlyst acid resin The reaction was filtered
and the resin was washed with methanol The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
S5
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
Chemical Synthesis of Carbohydrate Epitopes and Coupling to BSA
OAcO
AcONHAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1ONHAc
S
OR1
S2S3 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S4 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-345-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S3) 2-deoxy-2-N-acetyl-1346-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranose (800
mg 206 mmol) and linker S1[4] (422 mg 200 mmol) were dissolved in dichloromethane (5 mL) SnCl4
(31 mL of 1M solution in CH2Cl2 31 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred at room temperature
for 7 days The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (~30 mL) and sat NaHCO3 (5 mL)
was added After bubbling ceased the reaction was washed with 1M K2CO3 (~20 mL) The organic
layer was dried over sodium sulfate and then concentrated in vacuo The product was purified by column
chromatography (40 acetone in dichloromethane) to yield an alphabeta mixture (640 mg) The pure
beta anomer was obtained by repeated column chromatography to afford S3 (280 mg 28) Rf = 030
(40 acetone in dichloromethane) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 638 (br t J = 56 Hz 1H NH-linker) 596 (d J
= 95 Hz 1H NHAc) 540 (dd J = 25 33 Hz 1H H4) 512 (dd J = 33 108 Hz 1H H3) 463 (d J
= 106 Hz 1H H1) 430 (ddd J = 95 106 106 Hz 1H H2) 412 (m 2H H6) 395 (app t J = 69 Hz
1H H5) 368 (s 3H OCH3) 362 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 296 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 192 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1739 1728 1709 1708 1706 1704 845 749 716 671 619 518 495 384 355
333 303 235 211 209 208
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S4)
S3 (120 mg 023 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and 1M NaOH (15 mL) was added The
reaction was stirred for 2 hours and then neutralized with amberlyst acid resin The reaction was filtered
and the resin was washed with methanol The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
S5
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
purified by column chromatography (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) to afford S4
(80 mg 88) Rf = 015 (20 methanol in dichloromethane + 1 acetic acid) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 444
(d J = 103 Hz 1H H1) 403 (dd J = 103 103 Hz 1H H2) 385 (d J = 31 Hz 1H H4) 375 (dd J =
72 115 Hz 1H H6a) 366 (dd J = 48 115 Hz 1H H6b) 352 (m 2H) 338 (m 2H) 286 (app q J =
67 Hz 1H) 267 (app q J = 67 Hz 1H) 228 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 222 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 194 (s 3H)
188 (app q J = 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1757 1740 862 809 744 700 630 528 409
364 351 309 231 228 HRMS Calcd for C15H26N2O8SNa (MNa+) 4171308 found 4171311
S6
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
O
OAc OAcOAc
S5 S6 R1 = Ac R2 = Me S7 R1 = H R2 = Me S8 R1 = H R2 = H
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1Br
O
OR1 OR1OR1
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S6)
Linker S1 (229 mg 111 mmol) was dissolved in 10 Na2CO3 solution (8 mL) and tetrabutylammonium
hydrogensulfate (227 g 67 mmol) was added To this mixture was added 234-tri-O-acetyl-α-L-
fucopyranosyl bromide (0790 g 220 mmol) dissolved in ethyl acetate (8 mL) The mixture was stirred
at room temperature until all glycosyl bromide was consumed as judged by TLC The mixture was then
extracted with ethyl acetate and the crude product was purified by column chromatography (tolueneethyl
acetate 11) to give S6 (760 mg 72 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 04 (301 chloroformmethanol) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1H) 529-528 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J =
104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 446 (d J = 100 Hz 1H) 389-384 (q J = 64 Hz 1
H) 367 (s 3H) 350 (m 2H) 294 (m 1H) 275 (m 1H) 238 (app t J = 72 2H) 225 (app t J = 76
Hz 2H) 218 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 199(s 3H) 196 (t J = 72 2H) 122 (d J = 6 3H) 13C NMR
(CDCl3) δ 1734 1720 1704 1699 1697 833 733 720 702 670 514 388 352 330 300
2078 2072 2061 2054 163 HRMS calcd for C20H32NO10S 4781746 [M+H]+ found 4781728
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S7) S6 (115mg 0240
mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 5 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroform-methanol 91) to give S7 (79 mg 94 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 02 (91
chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 365-362 (app m 5H) 353 (s
3H) 353-347 (dd J = 156 32 Hz 1H) 337-333 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 328-325 (m 2H) 273-266 (m
S7
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
2H) 228-22 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 215-211 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 175-171 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106
(d J = 68 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1738 859 749 747 717 696 506 394 345 325 290
207 156 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+ found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (S8) S7 (90 mg 0256 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (10mg) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S8 (47 mg 54 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 76 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-427 (d J = 112 Hz
1H) 366-362 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 524-519 (t J = 80 Hz 1H) 643 (t J = 104 Hz 1H) 506-503 (dd
J = 32 32 Hz 1H) 349-346 (qd 1H) 338-326 (m 3H) 276-265 (m 2H) 227-225 (t J = 72 Hz
2H) 217-213 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 173 (q J = 72 Hz 2H) 108-106 (d J = 68 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1777 1758 856 748 739 713 692 392 347 327 292 205 156 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7NS 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S8
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
O
OH OHOH
S9 S10 R1 = Me S11 R1 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1O N
MeO
NH
OR1
O O
O
OH OHOH
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S10) To a solution of
linker S1 (434 mg 15 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) and 150 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-L-fucopyranoside S9[5] (140 mg 0516 mmol) dissolved in CH2Cl2 over
a period of 15 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours after which 2 drops of
pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by flash column
chromatography (chloroformmethanol 91) to give S10 (333 mg 63 yield) as a viscous oil Rf = 025
(91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 80 (bs 1H) 531-530 (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 423-422 (q
J = 68 Hz 1H) 402-398 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 357-353 (dd J = 32 32 Hz 1H)
(app t J = 64 Hz 2 H) 268-256 (m 2H) 235-231 (t J = 72 2H) 221-218 (t J = 72 2H) 188-
184 (q J = 76 2H) 120-118 (d J = 64 3H) 13C NMR (CD3OD) δ 1738 1737 863 719 708
680 667 505 389 345 324 292 207 151 HRMS calcd for C14H26NO7S 3521499 [M+H]+
found 3521423
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-L-fucopyranoside (S11) S10 (50 mg 0142 mmol)
was dissolved in water and LiOH (15 mg) was added and the solution stirred at room temperature
overnight The solution was then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered The product was
purified by by reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm) using a flow rate of 8
mLmin and a gradient from 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector S11 (23 mg 47 yield) was obtained as a white cottony
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 62 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 527-526 (d J = 56 Hz 1H)
420-415 (q J = 64 68 Hz 1H) 392-388 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 364 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 357-
354 (dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 268-254(m 2H) 228-225 (t J = 74 Hz
S9
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
2H) 217-213 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 107-105 (d J = 65 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ
1778 1758 860 715 701 675 672 388 347 327 295 206 152 HRMS calcd for
C13H24NO7S 3381273 [M+H]+ found 3381272
S10
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OAcO
AcOOAc
S12
NH
OR2
O OHSNH
OMe
O O
S1 OR1O
R1O OR1
OAc
S13 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS14α S14β R1 = H R2 = MeS15α S15β R1 = H R2 = H
S
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside
(S13) To a solution of 1234-tetra-O-acetyl-rhamnopyranose S12 (03 g 09 mmol) in dichloromethane
(20 mL) was added BF3OEt2 (3 mL 24 mmol) drop wise and was incubated overnight The reaction
mixture was washed with water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL) The solvent was then rotary evaporated and
the product was purified using silica gel chromatography to afford S13 as an inseparable αβ mixture (280
mg 65) Rf = 05 (100 ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 605 (s 1 H) 595 (s 1H) 546 (dd 1H J
=18 16 Hz) 529 (dd 1H J =18 16 Hz) 517 (d 1H J = 16 Hz) 514 (d 1H J =31 Hz) 509 (s
1H) 505 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 502 (S 1H) 497 (dd 1H J = 36 114 Hz) 473 (d 1H J =18
Hz) 417 (m 1H) 364 (s 3H) 351 (m 1H) 339 (m 1H) 285 (m 2H) 276 (m 2H) 235 (t 2 H
J=72 Hz) 222 (t 2 H J=72 Hz) 211 (s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 195 (m 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S14) The αβ mixture
S13 (170 mg 036 mmol) was dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and sodium methoxide (~20 mg) was added
After 3 h the reaction was neutralized by addition of amberlyst acidic resin (100 mg) The suspension
was filtered and rinsed with methanol (50 mL) The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo The product was
purified by column chromatography to afford S14α (85 mg 67) and S14β (35 mg 27) S14β Rf =
035 (5 methanol in dichloromethane) 1Η NMR (CDCl3) 469 (d 1H J = 1 Hz) 385 (dd 1H J = 09
25 Hz) 363 (s 3H) 345 (m 2H) 328 (m 3H) 276 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 67 Hz) 220 (t 2H J =
72 Hz) 186 (p 2H 74 Hz) 127 (d 3H J = 57 Hz) S14α Rf = 032 (5 methanol in
dichloromethane) NMR (CDCl3) δ 515 (d 1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 362 (s 3H) 355 (dd 1H J =
33 61 Hz) 335 (m 2H) 327 (m 2H) 269 (m 2H) 233 (t 2H J = 74 Hz) 220 (t 2H J = 74 Hz)
186 (p 2H J = 72 Hz) 123 (d 3H J = 62 Hz)
S11
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-L-rhamnopyranoside (S15) Separately S14α (85
mg 024 mmol) and S14β (35 mg 01 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (4 mL) and lithium hydroxide
(1 mL of 1M aqueous) was added to each The reaction was stirred for 5 h and then neutralized with
amberlyst acidic resin The suspension was filtered rinsed and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
The products were purified by column chromatography to afford S15β (32 mg 95) and S15α (75 mg
92) S15α Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ 508 (d
1H J = 14 Hz) 387 (m 2H) 355 (dd 1H J = 35 63 Hz) 328 (m 3H) 264 (m 2H) 215 (p 4H J =
74 Hz) 168 (p 2H J = 76 Hz) 112 (d 3H J = 63 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ 1799 1761 849 723 718
706 690 386 350 345 303 214 165 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+
found 3601083 S15β Rf = 020 (30 methanol in dichloromethane + 05 acetic acid) NMR (D2O) δ
467 (s 1H) 386 (d 1H J = 35 Hz) 344 (dd 1H J = 35 59 Hz) 328 (m 4H) 269 (m 2H) 226 (t
2H J = 74 Hz) 215 (t 2H J = 72 Hz) 173 (p 2H J = 74 Hz) 113 (d 3H J = 59 Hz) 13C (D2O) δ
1779 1758 842 763 734 722 718 390 347 328 301 206 169 HRMS calcd for
C13H23NO7NaS 3601093 [M+Na]+ found 3601086
S12
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OHO
HOOH
O
OHO
HO
HOOH
S
OH
S16
NH
OR1
O O
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
NMeO
S17 R1 = MeS18 R1 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S17) To a solution of
linker S1 (132 g 64 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous CH3NO2 (5 mL) and 142 microL of TfOH was added
drop wise the donor 3-methoxy-2-pyridyl β-D-galactopyranoside S16[5] (233 mg 080 mmol) dissolved in
DMF (2 mL) over a period of 10 minutes The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight after
which 5 drops of pyridine were added the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue purified by
flash column chromatography (chloroformmethanol 82) to yield S17 along with a minor amount of the
beta anomer (αβ = 51 125 mg 59) which were separated using reverse phase HPLC (Atlantistrade dC18
column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with
01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector) Retention time = 135
min Rf = 025 (41 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CD3OD) δ 538-53s (d J = 56 Hz 1H) 417-414
(bt J = 68 Hz 1H) 406-402 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 383-382 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 375-371 (dd J
= 73 73 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 46 46 Hz 1H) 362 (s 3H) 355-352 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H)
344-331 (m 2H) 281-274 (m 1H) 264-257 (m 1H) 235-232 (t J = 73 2H) 222-218 (t J = 75
2H) 190-182 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1762 1755 868 788 737 695 686 610 520 393
347 327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-α-D-galactopyranoside (S18) S17 (70 mg 0190
mmol) was dissolved in water (35 mL) and LiOH (9 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at
room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S13
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
detector] yielded S18 (26 mg 38) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention time =
47 min (CH3CN-H2O) NMR (D2O) 1H δ 535-533 (d J = 57 Hz 1H) 413-410 (t J = 61 Hz 1H)
396-392 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 381 (d J = 25 Hz 1H) 361-359 (app d J = 68 Hz 2H) 357-353
(dd J = 34 34 Hz 1H) 335-322 (m 2H) 271-255 (m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213
(t J = 74 Hz 2H) 177-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1779 1759 857 715 699 6901 677
610 386 347 328 292 206 HRMS calcd for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761053
S14
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
S20 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS21 R1 = H R2 = MeS22 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAcO
R1O
R1OOR1
S
OR1
S19
NH
OR2
O OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside
(S20) Galactose pentaacetate (500 mg 128 mmol) and linker S1 (328 mg 16 mmol) were dissolved in
anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O (321microL 256 mmol) was added
drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The crude oil (51 βα mixture) was
purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (101) to yield S20 (440 mg
64) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 chloroformmethanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 621-618 (t J = 52 Hz 1H)
544 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 526-521 (t J = 10 Hz 1H) 507-504 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 1H) 453-450 (d
J = 100 Hz 1H) 420-416 (dd J = 68 72 Hz 1H) 411-407 (dd J = 56 56 Hz 1H) 399-396 (t J
= 68 Hz 1H) 367 (s 3H) 358-353 (m 1H) 346-341(m 1H) 295-290 (m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H)
241-237 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 228-224 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 217 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 367
(s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 199-194 (m 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1735 1721 1703 1700 1698 1696
839 747 716 672 669 616 514 388 352 329 304 207 205 2048 HRMS calcd for
C22H34NO12NS 5361801 [M+H]+ found 5361810
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S21) S20 (400 mg
0746 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+)
filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC
[Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in
H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S21
S15
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
(150 mg 54 yield) as a white cotton after lyophilization Retention time = 13 min Rf = 025 (82
chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (D2O) δ 434-432 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 382-381 (d J = 32 Hz 1H)
363-356 (m 2H) 353 (bs 3H) 350-347 (dd J = 36 32 Hz 1H) 342-337 (t J = 96 Hz 1H) 331-
328 (t J = 64 Hz 2H) 281-265 (2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 76 Hz 2H)
178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 858 788 737 695 686 610 520 393 347
327 293 205
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] 1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S22) S21 (100 mg 0142
mmol) was dissolved in water and LiOH (20 mg) was added The solution was then stirred at room
temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse
phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to
20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] yielded S22 (23 mg 47 yield) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization Retention
time = 52 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 430-4285 (d J = 96 Hz 1H) 378 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 358-351 (m
3H) 346-343 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 338-333 (t J = 95 Hz 1H) 328-325 (t J = 67 Hz 2H) 276-
264 (2m 2H) 209-206 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 203-199 (t J = 742 Hz 2H) 168-160 (m 2H) 13C
NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1764 859 789 740 697 688 610 393 365 353 292 222 HRMS calcd
for C13H23NO8NaS 3761042 [M+Na]+ found 3761036
S16
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
S28 R1 = Bz R2 = MeS29 R1 = H R2 = MeS30 R1 = H R2 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24
OBzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S23
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
OO
BzO
BzOBzO
OBz
S25 R = PhS26 R = OHS27 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OR1OR1O
OR1
S
OO
R1O
R1OR1O
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-
D-mannopyranoside (S25) A mixture of donor S23[6] (270 mg 036 mmol 12 eq) and acceptor S24[7 8]
(150 mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 hr and then dissolved in dichloromethane (2
mL) Molecular sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0036 mmol 01 eq)
was added and the mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated
NaHCO3 (1 mL) and worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl
acetatehexanes) to give the desired product S25 (210 mg 70 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl
acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 806-799 (m 6H) 793-787 (m 4 H) 779-777 (m 4 H) 763-
724 (m 26 H) 595-580 (m 5 H) 566 (d J = 16 Hz 1 H) 553 (dd J = 104 36 Hz 1 H) 492-489
(m 2 H) 456 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 434 (dd J = 112 64 Hz 1 H) 423-416 (m 2 H) 404 (dd J
= 120 64 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16555 16551 16540 16537 16532 16529 1335
13324 13321 1331 1329 1320 1300 1299 1298 1297 1296 1293 1291 1290 1289 12884
12877 1286 1285 1284 1282 1281 1018 860 719 717 714 702 695 688 680 673 617
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C67H54O17NaS 11852974 Found 11853022
S17
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S26) NBS (43 mg 024 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound S25 (220 mg 02 mmol 1
eq) in 6 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up
The crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S26 (160 mg 80 yield) Rf =
02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 803-799 (m 8 H) 792-789 (m 2 H) 780-776 (m
4 H) 762-733 (m 17 H) 725-720 (m 4 H) 601 (dd J = 32 04 Hz 1 H) 586-579 (m 2 H) 568-
562 (m 2 H) 556 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 2 H) 499-497 (m 2 H) 465 (dd J = 112 60 Hz 1 H) 451-
446 (m 1 H) 442-432 (m 2 H) 422 (dd J = 112 16 Hz 1 H) 389 (dd J = 120 84 Hz 1 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1662 1658 1657 1656 1655 16541337 1336 1334 1332 1301 1300 1299
1297 1295 1292 1291 12894 12889 1287 1286 12842 12836 1031 921 7153 7145 709
708 7033 7025 696 681 675 619 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C61H50O18Na 10932913 Found
10932940
2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranosyl trichloroacetoimidate (S27) To a mixture of compound S26 (220 mg 02 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 02 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S27 (220 mg 88
yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 846 (s 1 H) 810-808 (m 2 H) 805-
803 (m 2 H) 800-798 (m 2 H) 796-794 (m 2 H) 791-789 (m 2 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 764-721
(m 21 H) 637 (d J = 20 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 592-579 (m 4 H) 557 (dd J =
104 36 Hz 1 H) 496 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 462-454 (m 2 H) 438-424 (m 3 H) 392 (dd J = 112
68 Hz 1 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1659 16551 16549 1654 1653 16522 16520 1337 13352
13349 1332 1330 13001 12997 1299 1298 12974 12965 1295 1293 1290 1289 1288
12873 12868 12865 12856 1284 1283 12822 12819 1018 944 904 728 718 713 696
695 688 686 680 665 617 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C63H50NO18NaCl3 12361986 Found
12361980
S18
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-benzoyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S28) To a mixture of compound S27 (320
mg 026 mmol) linker S1 (60 mg 029 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (5 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
quenched by adding triethylamine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S28 (210 mg 64 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (m
4 H) 801-798 (m 2 H) 792-790 (m 4 H) 778-775 (m 4 H) 765-760 (m 2 H) 756-734 (m 14
H) 732-723 (m 7 H) 653 (t J = 60 Hz 1 H) 598 (dd J = 36 08 Hz 1 H) 579-573 (m 2 H) 568-
563 (m 2 H) 558 (dd J = 108 36 Hz 1 H) 521 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 491 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 481
(m 1 H) 458 (dd J = 114 60 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 112 68 Hz 1 H) 432 (m 1 H) 422 (dd J =
108 20 Hz 1H) 395 (dd J = 108 96 Hz 1 H) 356 (s 3 H) 349-342 (m 1 H) 340-332 (m 1 H)
286-279 (m 1 H) 262-254 (m 1 H) 235 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 196 (m 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1745 1723 1659 1657 1656 16543 16535 16525 1651 1337 1336
1335 1334 1332 12983 12977 12969 12966 12962 12921 12919 1291 1289 1288 1287
12862 12858 12848 12845 12835 12825 1022 824 772 720 716 715 703 700 698 679
676 617 514 390 353 332 314 208 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C69H63NO20NaS 12803556
Found 12803593
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S30) NaOMe (1 mg 002 mmol) was added to a solution of compound S28 (70 mg
0056 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The
reaction mixture was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered
and the filtrate was concentrated The residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL
1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times 4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase
was concentrated and the residue was dissolve in 1 M NaOH (1 mL) solution and stirred at room
temperature overnight The solution was neutralized by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 100 mg) and
filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5
S19
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over
40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to give the desired product S30 (15 mg
52 yield) Retention time = 825 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 515 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 427 (d J = 76 Hz 1
H) 404-397 (m 2 H) 390 (m 1 H) 378-373 (m 2 H) 367-348 (m 6 H) 328 (m 2 H) 275-268
(m 1 H) 266-259 (m 1 H) 220 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 214 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 171 (pent J = 72 Hz 2
H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1765 1033 850 750 726 720 716 708 707 686 684 666 609
385 366 354 302 224
S20
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
S35 R1 = Bz R2 = Ac R3 = MeS36 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = MeS37 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
HSNH
OMe
O O
S1
OBzOBzO
OBz
SPh
OH
S24S31
O
HN CCl3
+ OBzOBzO
OBz
R
O
S32 R = PhS33 R = OHS34 R = OC(NH)CCl3
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OAcOAcO
OAcAcO
OR1OR1O
R1OO
OR2OR2O
OR2OR2
SNH
OR3
O O
Phenyl (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-
mannopyranoside (S32) A mixture of donor S31[9] (270 mg 055 mmol 17 eq) and acceptor S24 (190
mg 030 mmol 1 eq) was dried under vacuum for 1 h and then dissolved in dichloromethane Molecular
sieves was added to the solution and cooled to minus20 degC TMSOTf (0030 mmol 01 eq) was added and the
mixture was stirred at minus20 degC for 05 hr The reaction was quenched by saturated NaHCO3 (1 mL) and
worked up The crude product was purified by column chromatography (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) to
give the desired product S32 (226 mg 77 yield) Rf = 03 (12 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 809-807 (m 2 H) 799-797 (m 2 H) 782-780 (m 2 H) 757-755 (m 3 H) 753-748 (m 3
H) 742-732 (m 5 H) 729-722 (m 3 H) 601 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 594 (dd J = 32 16 Hz 1 H) 580
(dd J = 104 32 Hz 1 H) 571 (s 1 H) 536 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 531 (dd J = 36 16 Hz 1 H)
522 (t J = 104 Hz 1 H) 484-480 (m 2 H) 405 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 398 (dd J = 112 52 Hz
1 H) 386-381 (m 2 H) 363 (dd J = 108 12 Hz 1 H) 208 (s 3 H) 204 (s 3 H) 198 (s 3 H) 188
(s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1707 1700 1699 1697 16569 16564 16960 1339 1338 1335
1331 1324 1301 13004 12997 1296 1293 1291 12901 12898 1287 1285 981 865 722
S21
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
706 695 693 688 671 669 660 623 2101 2096 209 207 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+
C47H46O17NaS 9372348 Found 9372348
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranose
(S33) NBS (68 mg 038 mmol 12eq) was added to solution of compound 3 (290 mg 032 mmol 1 eq)
in 10 mL of acetone The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hr and worked up The
crude product was purified by chromatography to give compound S33 (260 mg 99 yield) as a mixture
of anomers Rf = 02 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C41H41O18Na 8452263
Found 8452239
(2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-D-mannopyranosyl
trichloroacetoimidate S34 To a mixture of compound S33 (260 mg 031 mmol) and
trichloroacetonitrile (1 mL 10 mmol) in 6 mL of dichloromethane was added DBU (30 microL 002 mmol)
The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 mins The crude product was purified by
chromatography (40 ethylacetatehexanes 01 triethylamine) to give compound S34 (220 mg 72
yield) Rf = 04 (11 ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 893 (s 1 H) 815-813 (m 2 H) 800-
798 (m 2 H) 784-782 (m 2 H) 766-761 (m 1 H) 757-751 (m 3 H) 746-737 (m 3 H) 728-724
(m 2 H) 650 (s 1 H) 604 (m 1 H) 596-593 (m 2 H) 537 (dd J = 100 32 Hz 1 H) 530-526 (m
2 H) 484 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 449 (m 1 H) 414 (dd J = 120 48 Hz 1 H) 402 (m 1 H) 400-390
(m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 112 20 Hz 1 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 200 (s 3 H) 194 (s 3 H) 13C
NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1698 1696 1694 16539 16539 16535 16528 1597 1337 1333 1300
1298 1297 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 975 948 906 772 720 697 694 690 689 685
661 658 621 208 2075 2067 205 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C43H42NO18NaCl3 9881360
Found 9881359
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl)-
(1rarr6)-234-tri-O-benzoyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside (S35) To a mixture of compound S34 (220
mg 023 mmol) linker S1 (46 mg 023 mmol) and molecular sieves in dichloromethane (2 mL) was
added BF3Et2O (30 microL 026 mmol) at minus20 degC The reaction mixture was warmed to 0 degC in 1 hr and
S22
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
quenched by adding triethyl amine (50 microL) The crude product was purified by chromatography to give
the desired product S35 (140 mg 61 yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 810 (m 2H)
798 (m 2 H) 780 (m 2 H) 762 (m 1 H) 756-750 (m 3 H) 744-738 (m 3 H) 727-723 (m 2 H)
635 (m 1 H) 584-578 (m 3 H) 558 (s 1 H) 534-524 (m 3 H) 483 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 473 (m 1
H) 415 (dd J = 120 60 Hz 1 H) 406-396 (m 3 H) 364 (s 3 H) 367-355 (m 3 H) 301-295 (m 1
H) 287-280 (m 1 H) 240 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 228 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 213 (s 3 H) 207 (s 3 H) 201
(s 3 H) 200 (m 2 H) 198 (s 3 H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ1736 1723 1705 1701 1699 1697 1655
1654 1653 1337 1336 1332 12983 12979 1296 1291 1288 1287 1286 1285 1283 973
820 719 701 699 692 691 687 672 665 657 622 515 386 352 331 308 208 207 206
HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C49H55NO20NaS 10322930 Found 10322940
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-mannopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside
(S37) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S35 (50 mg 005 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
detector] to give the desired product S37 (11 mg 43 yield) Retention time = 821 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 516 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 474 (d J = 12 Hz 1 H) 400 (m 1 H) 390 (dd J = 28 12 hz 1
H) 384-379 (m 2 H) 373 (dd J = 120 16 Hz 1 H) 366-357 (m 5 H) 354-346 (m 2 H) 336-323
(m 2 H) 271-256 (m 2 H) 211 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 205 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 167 (p J = 72 Hz 2 H)
13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 994 851 726 715 712 710 705 698 669 666 656 608
387 366 354 303 223
S23
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OAcO
AcOOAc
OAc
OAc
S19
HSNH
O CCl3
O
ORO
RORO
OR
S38 SNH
O CCl3
O
S47 R1 = Ac R2 = Me R3 = BzS48 R1 = H R2 = Me R3 = HS49 R1 = H R2 = H R3 = H
S39 R = AcS40 R = H
OO
RORO
O
SNH
O CCl3
O
Ph
S41 R = HS42 R = Ac
OHO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
S43
OAcO
AcOTCPN
OAc
Cl OO
AcOAcO
OBz
SNH
O CCl3
O
OAcO
AcOR
OAc
S45 R = NTCPS46 R = NHAc
OO
R1OR1O
OR3
S
OR1O
R1OAcNH
OR1
NH
OR2
O O
S44
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate (S38) A solution of
NaHCO3 (714g 85 mmol) in 75 mL of H2O was added to a vigorously stirred mixture of 2-
aminoethanethiol hydrochloride (32 282 mmol) in 250 mL of deoxygenated Et2O under argon at minus10degC
After 35 minutes of stirring 222-trichloro-11-dimethylethyl chloroformate (10g 416 mmol) dissolved
in 150 mL of Et2O was added drop wise over 45 minutes The ice bath was then removed and the
reaction stirred vigorously under argon for 6 hrs The organic and aqueous layers were then separated and
the organic layers washed with 2M HCl (3 x 200 mL) After drying over Na2SO4 the solvent was
removed to leave a clear semi-viscous oil that was relatively pure by TLC Purification by flash
chromatography on silica gel using heptane-ethyl acetate (gradient of 5-50) yielded 2-(mercapto-ethyl)-
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl carbamate S38 (513 g 65) as an oil Rf = 059 (32 ethyl acetate-
hexanes stains with KMnO4) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 521 (bs 1H) 337-333 (q J = 64 Hz 2H) 271-
S24
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
265(q 2H) 192 (s 6H) 139-135(t J = 84 Hz 1H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ = 1539 1064 881 437
247 2171 2160 HRMS calcd for C7H13NO2SCl3 2799732 [M+H]+ found 2799740
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(2346-tri-O-acetyl)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S39) Galactose pentaacetate (298 g 764 mmol) and linker S38 (225 g
80 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (20 mL) the mixture was cooled to 0˚C and BF3Et2O
(916 mL 729 mmol) was added drop wise After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with CH2Cl2 (120
mL) washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated The
crude oil after concentration was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl
acetate (32) to yield S39 (396 g 85) as a viscous clear oil Rf = 026 (32 ethyl acetate-hexanes) 1H
NMR (CDCl3) δ 544-543 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 541-538 (t J = 54 Hz 1H) 528-521(t J = 99 Hz
1H) 506-503 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 452-449 (d J = 99 Hz 1H) 418-410 (m 2H) 398-395 (t J
= 63 62 Hz 2H) 344-340 (m 2H) 297-291(m 1H) 281-276 (m 1H) 216 (s 3H) 207 (s 3H)
205 (s 3H) 198 (s 3H) 192 (bs 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1702 1700 1699 1539 1064 880
842 745 716 671 669 614 408 306 2162 2160 2073 2060 2050 HRMS calcd for
C21H30NO11NaSCl3 6320497 [M+Na]+ found 6320504
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(46-O-benzylidene)-1-
thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S41) S39 (200 g 33 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (20 mL)
and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and
then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The crude
residue was dissolved into anhydrous CH3CN (15 mL) and benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal (104g 68
mmol) added followed by a catalytic amount camphor sulfonic acid After stirring overnight at room
temperature 3mL of Et3N was added and the solvent was removed in vacuo To the residue was added
200 mL of ethyl acetate which was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO3 (2 x 150 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate
(30-100) yielded S41 (174 g 82) as a white foam Rf = 024 (14 toluene-ethyl acetate) 1H NMR
S25
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
(CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 741-736 (t 3H) 566-563 (t J = 60 Hz 1H) 555(s 1H) 439-435(app
dd J = 12 9 Hz 2H) 428-427 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 406-403 (dd J = 17 17 Hz 1H) 384-379 (3 x d
J = 17 Hz 1H) 371-366 (3 x d J = 36 Hz 1H) 362-355 (m 2H) 345-330 (m 1H) 296 (d J = 17
1H) 292-287 (m 2H) 261-259 (d J = 85 1H) 192 (s 3H) 191 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1543
1374 1293 1283 1263 1065 1013 881 857 754 737 700 696 693 414 302 217 216
HRMS calcd for C20H26NO7NaSCl3 5520388 [M+Na]+ found 5520394
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-46-O-
benzylidene)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S42) S41 (229 g 43 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous
pyridine (20 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a
catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was poured into ice-water and extracted with
ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively washed with water aqueous HCl and
water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (35-65) to yield S42 (265 g 77) as a white
foam Rf = 035 (91 chloroform-methanol) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 749-746 (m 2H) 739-737 (m 3H)
550(s 1H) 548-541 (m 2H) 500-497 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 449-446 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 442-
441 (d J = 33 Hz 1H) 437-434 (d J = 125 Hz 1H) 403-400 (d J =125 Hz 1H) 360 (s 1H)
352-345 (m 1H) 343-335 (m 1H) 302-296 (m 1H) 281-274 (m 1H) 207 (s 6H) 191 (s 3H)
189 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1705 1695 1540 1373 1292 1282 1261 1066 1009 879
828 734 727 697 690 662 409 293 2166 2160 2084 2083 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO9NaSCl3 6360599 [M+Na]+ found 6360583
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-
benzoyl)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S43) S42 (200 g 32 mmol) was dissolved in acetic acid
(80 aqueous solution 10 mL) and heated at 70 degC for 4 h The solvent was evaporated and the residue
was dried by azeotropic distillation with toluene (4 x 150 mL) The white precipitate was then suspended
(insoluble in CH2Cl2) in dichloromethane (20 mL) cooled -20degC and triethylamine (566 microL 40 mmol)
S26
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
and benzoyl chloride (415 microL 35 mmol) were added The solution was kept at minus20 degC for 15 h and then
allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred an additional 24 hours The solution was then diluted
with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 brine and then dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4 The solvent was evaporated and residue was purified by column chromatography (gradient of
30-60 ethyl acetatehexanes) to yield S43 (119g 58) Rf = 024 (14 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 803-801 (d J = 72 Hz 2H) 76-755 (m 1H) 747-745 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 552 (t J = 51
Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 504-501 (dd J = 30 30 Hz 1H) 464-449 (m 3H) 418 (t J =
38 Hz 1H) 397-394 (t J = 62 Hz 1H) 345-340 (q 2H) 299-292 (m 2H) 275-268 (m 1H) 210
(s 3H) 207 (s 3H) 190 (s 6H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1700 1697 1663 1541 1333 1297
12931284 1064 881 837 762 672 669 628 411 301 216 214 208 207 HRMS calcd for
C24H30NO10NaSCl3 6520548 [M+Na]+ found 6520539
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S45) A mixture of donor 346-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-2-tetrachlorophthalimido-
αβ-D-galactopyranosyl chloride S44[10] (168 g 28 mmol) acceptor S43 (895 mg 141 mmol) and di-
tert-butylmethylpyridine (145 70 mmol) were dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (30 mL) and activated 4
Aring powdered molecular sieves added After stirring for 3 hr at room temperature under argon the reaction
was cooled to minus78 degC stirred an additional 20 minutes and then AgOTf (22 g 85 mmol) added The
reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 0 degC over 25 h and then filtered through a bed of Celite The
mixture was then diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (150 mL) washed with sat NaHCO3 and then dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4 After removal of the solvent the residue was purified by column
chromatography (gradient from 0-25 toluene in ethyl acetate) to yield S45 (128 g 76) as an off white
solid Rf = 030 (32 tolueneethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 805-803 (d J = 71 Hz 2H) 760-756
(m 1H) 749-745(t 2H) 591-580 (m 2H) 547 (d J = 32 Hz 1H) 522-520 (d J = 83 Hz 1H)
498-495 (app d J = 101 Hz 1H) 481-476 (t J = 99 Hz 1H) 459-451 (m 2H) 445-440 (dd J =
S27
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
601 602 Hz 1H) 427 (br s 1H) 425 (br s 1H) 408-397 (m 3H) 391-388 (t J = 55 Hz 1H) 346-
342 (q 2H) 270-263 (m 1H) 254-247 (m 1H) 219 (s 3H) 213 (s 3H) 197 (br s 3H) 196 (br s
3H) 191 (s 3H) 178 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 17035 17026 17024 1697 1689 1660 1635
1633 1540 1407 1404 1331 1306 1296 1293 1284 1270 1268 1066 980 878 821 761
7346 7339 707 669 661 651 635 609 517 416 279 2171 2167 2089 2065 2061 2051
2032 HRMS calcd for C44H45N2O19NaSCl7 120500 [M+Na]+ found 120500
11-dimethyl-222-trichloroethyl N-(2-mercaptoethyl)carbamate-(346-tri-O-acetyl-2-
acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-
galactopyranoside (S46) To S45 (469 mg 0395 mmol) dissolved in 10 mL of a mixture of anhydrous
CH3CNEtOHTHF (211) was added ethylenediamine (270 microL 395 mmol) The mixture was then
stirred at 80degC for 15 hours cooled to room temperature and then concentrated This crude product was
dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (15 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To this solution was
added Ac2O (7 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate (175 mL) and successively washed with aqueous HCl and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4
and concentrated The residual viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using
CHCl3MeOH (951) to yield S46 (247 mg 65) as an off white solid Rf = 04 (951 CHCl3-MeOH)
1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 800-797 (d J = 74 Hz 2H) 754-750 (m 1H) 742-738 (t J = 78 Hz 2H) 672-
670 (d J = 71 Hz 1H) 589-586 (dd J = 33 33 Hz 1H) 549-546 (t J = 63 Hz 1H) 543-538 (t J
= 98 Hz 1H) 534-533 (d J = 31 Hz 1H) 507-505 (d J = 81 Hz 1H) 502-498 (dd J = 26 26 Hz
1H) 457-453 (dd J = 53 53 Hz 1H) 441-435 (m 3H) 423 (d J = 20 Hz 1H) 399-389 (m 3H)
386-381 (m 2H) 353-344 (m 1H) 340-333 (m 1H) 327-319 (m 1H) 301-294 (m 1H) 252-
245 (m 1H) 212 (s 3H) 208 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199 (s 3H) 196 (s 3H) 188 (s 3H) 159 (s
3H) 157 (s 3H) HRMS calcd for C38H49N2O18NaSCl3 9811659 [M+Na]+ found 9811614
Methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate To a solution of mono-methyl glutarate (11g 752 mmol)
and pentafluorophenol (208 g 1129 mmol) dissolved in 100 mL of anhydrous THF was added drop wise
S28
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
over 1 hr a 1M CH2Cl2 solution of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC 112 mL 113 mmol) The reaction
was allowed to stir at room temperature for 24 hr and then solid oxalic acid (102 g 1129 mmol) was
added very slowly to rid the reaction of excess DCC The solvent was then removed in vacuo to leave
crude product that was dissolved into 250 mL of ethyl acetate (250 mL) washed with saturated aqueous
NaHCO3 (3 x 200 mL) dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using hexanes-ethyl acetate (71) to yield methyl pentafluorophenyl
glutarate (14 g 63) as a viscous oil that solidifies upon storing at 0degC Rf = 031 (71 hexanesethyl
acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 366 (s 3H) 274-270 (t J = 73 Hz 2H) 245-241 (t J = 72 Hz 2H)
209-202 (q J = 74 72 Hz 2H)
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (346-tri-O-acetyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-
galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-23-di-O-acetyl-6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S47)
Compound S46 (244 mg 0271 mmol) was dissolved in CH2Cl2 (9 mL) and 4 ml of AcOH was added
followed by the addition of zinc metal (50 mg) The mixture was allowed to stir for 3 hr at room
temperature and then additional zinc metal (75 mg) was added The reaction was followed by TLC
(CHCl3MeOH 91) to follow the deprotection of TCBOC from the amino group After 8 hr the reaction
was diluted with additional CH2Cl2 (70 mL) washed with saturated K2CO3 the organic and aqueous
layers separated and the organic layers dried over Na2SO4 filtered and concentrated to yield an oil This
oil was dissolved in 5 mL of anhydrous CH2Cl2 and methyl pentafluorophenyl glutarate (127 mg 0407
mmol) added The mixture was stirred for 3 hr and then concentrated The residue was purified by flash
chromatography on silica gel using CHCl3-MeOH (gradient of 0-10) to yield S47 (179 mg 80) as a
white foam Rf = 050 (91 CHCl3-MeOH) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 804-802 (d J = 94 Hz 2H) 759-753
(t J = 8 Hz 1H) 747-743 (t J = 76 Hz 2H) 711-709 (d J = 78 Hz 1H) 677-674 (t J = 572 Hz
1H) 573-569 (dd J = 35 35 Hz 1H) 547-543 (t J = 98 Hz 1H) 536-535 (d J = 34 Hz 1H)
508-504 (dd J = 26 26 Hz 1H) 501-499 (d J = 82 Hz 1H) 460-456 (dd J = 51 51 Hz 1H)
446-440 (m 2H) 428-427 (d J = 24 Hz 1H) 406-400 (dd J = 87 45 Hz 1H) 397-388 (m 3H)
S29
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
366 (s 3H) 363-356 (m 1H) 354-348 (m 1H) 345-337 (m 1H) 297-290 (m 1H) 264-257 (m
1H) 240-237 (t J = 73 3H) 230-226 (t J = 73 3H) 2147 (s 3H) 2144 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205
(s 3H) 200 (s 3H) 193 (s 3H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1734 1724 1716 1704 1703 1702 1701
1695 1660 1331 1297 1295 1284 998 822 763 740 730 704 685 667 666 638 614
524 514 405 350 330 276 232 2070 2064 2061 2059 2056 2047 HRMS calcd for
C39H52N2O19NaS 9072777 [M+Na]+ found 9072770
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-
(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside (S48) S47 (100 mg 113 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous
methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room
temperature for 8 hrs and then neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed
in vacuo The resulting oil was purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x
100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] to yield S48 (49 mg 76) as a white cottony solid
after lyophilization Retention time = 103 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-458 (d J = 84 Hz 1H) 433-
431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-373 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 353 (s
3H) 350-347 (m 1H) 331-324 (m 3H) 276-262 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t
J = 73 Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 177-170 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1763 1758 1747
1026 858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 520 393 347 327 292 205
HRMS calcd for C22H38N2O13NaS 59319927 [M+Na]+ found 5931994
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-
β-D-galactopyranoside (S49) S48 (40 mg 70 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (1 mg)
was added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-
120 (H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100
mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes
while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S49 (26 mg 66) as a white cottony
S30
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
substance after lyophilization Retention time = 645 1H NMR (D2O) δ 447-445 (d J = 84 Hz 1H)
433-431 (d J = 98 Hz 1H) 397-396 (d J = 28 Hz 1H) 376-371 (m 2H) 367-355 (m 7H) 350-
347 (m 1H) 332-319 (m 3H) 277-262 (m 2H) 226-222 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 189 (s 3H) 176-169 (m J = 74 73 Hz 2H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1782 1759 1747 1026
858 778 760 747 737 708 696 677 609 604 525 393 347 331 292 223 207 HRMS
calcd for C21H36N2O13LiS 5632098 [M+Li]+ found 5632101
S31
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OAcOAcO
OAcO
OAc
S50S51 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS52 R1 = H R2 = H
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAc HSNH
OMe
O O
OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
234-tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S51) A mixture of cellobiose octacetate (678 mg 10
mmol) linker S1 (240 mg 12 mmol) and SnCl4 (13 mL of 1 M solution in dichloromethane) in
dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for overnight The reaction mixture was
washed with 1 N HCl (10 mL) saturated NaHCO3 (15 mL times 2) and brine (10 mL) The solvent was
removed and crude product was purified by chromatography to give the desired product S51 (500 mg 61
yield) Rf = 03 (ethyl acetate) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 611 (m 1 H) 519 (t J = 92 Hz 1 H) 516 (t J
= 94 Hz 1 H) 495-490 (m 2 H) 462 (dd J = 120 20 Hz 1 H) 454 (d J = 80 Hz 1 H) 447 (d J =
100 Hz 1 H) 438 (dd J = 124 40 Hz 1 H) 410-403 (m 2 H) 375 (t J = 100 Hz 1 H) 370-365
(m 1 H) 366 (s 3 H) 362-359 (m 1H) 358-350 (m 1 H) 340-331 (m 1 H) 292-285 (m 1 H)
275-269 (m 1 H) 239 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 226 (t J = 72 Hz 2 H) 212 (s 3 H) 209 (s 3 H) 205 (s
3 H) 203 (s 3 H) 202 (s 3 H) 201 (s 3 H) 199 (s 3 H) 196 (m 2 H)
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (β-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S52) NaOMe was added to a solution of compound S51 (50 mg 006 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) The
reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hrs The reaction mixture was neutralized by ion
exchange resin (Amberlite 15 50 mg) The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated The
residue was dissolved in mixture of water and acetonitrile (2 mL 1 1) and extracted by hexanes (2 mL times
4) until all methyl benzoate was removed The aqueous phase was concentrated and the residue was
dissolve in 1 M NaOH solution and stirred at room temperature overnight The solution was neutralized
by ion exchange resin (Amberlite 15 200 mg) and filtered The filtrate was concentrated and purified by
reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient =
0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS
S32
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
detector] to give the desired product S52 (15 mg 50 yield) Retention time = 81 min 1H NMR
(CDCl3) δ 441 (d J = 100 Hz 1 H) 435 (d J = 76 Hz 1 H) 381 (dd J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 375 (dd
J = 124 20 Hz 1 H) 364 (dd J = 124 48 Hz 1 H) 357 (dd J = 124 56 Hz 1 H) 354-342 (m 3
H) 337-313 (m 7 H) 281-265 (m 2 H) 210 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 204 (t J = 76 Hz 2 H) 167 (m 2
H) 13C NMR (CDCl3) δ 1824 1764 1024 852 786 782 759 755 754 731 720 693 605
600 393 366 353 292 223 HRMS Calcd for [M+Na]+ C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 Found
5381556
S33
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OAcOAcO
AcOO
OAc
S53
OAcO
OAcOAc
OAcHS
NH
OMe
O O OR1OR1O
R1OO
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
R1O
NH
OR2
O OS1
S54 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS55 R1 = H R2 = MeS56 R1 = H R2 = H
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-
236- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-αβ-D-glucopyranoside (S54) Maltose 4-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-
45) to yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as a viscous oil The maltose octaacetate (300 mg 044
mmol) and linker S1 (272 mg 13 mmol) were then dissolved in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (5 mL) cooled to
0degC and BF3Et2O (444 microL 34 mmol 8eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the reaction was diluted
with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated
to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using chloroform-methanol (91)
yielded an inseparable mixture of anomers (51 βα) of S54 (175 mg 48) as an oil Rf = 020 (101
ethyl acetatehexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) for the major component (β anomer) δ 621-618 (t J = 57 Hz
3H) 545-540 (dd J = 96 96 Hz 1H) 538-537 (d J = 37 Hz 3H) 509-504 (t J = 97 Hz 1H)
500-497 (dd J = 37 37 Hz 3H) 486-481 (t J = 66 Hz 1H) 461-458 (d J = 126 Hz 1H) 444-
441 (d J = 10 Hz 1H) 427-423 (dd J = 42 42 Hz 1H) 417-406 (m 4H) 383-379 (t J = 87 Hz
1H) 367 (s 3H) 362-360 (2bs 2H) 358-348 (m 1H) 340-332 (m 1H) 292-285 (m 1H) 276-
269 (m 1H) 240-237 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 227-224 (t J = 72 Hz 1H) 213 (s 3H) 209-208 (s 6H)
206 (s 3H) 203 (s 3H) 201 (s 3H) 199-192 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) for the major component (β
S34
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
anomer) δ 1736 1722 17051704 1703 1701 1696 1693 980 834 799 764 758 715 704
696 684 681 628 617 515 390 352 330 305 208 2075 2057 2051 HRMS calcd for
C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found 8462501
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S55) S54 (60 mg 72 micromol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a catalytic
amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S55 (28 mg 73 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 762 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 525-524 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-439 (d J = 98 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 363-357 (m 3H) 353 (s 3H) 352-339 (m 4H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-265
(2m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-212 (t J = 72 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR
(D2O) δ 1763 1758 995 851 783 774 765 727 726 720 715 692 607 603 520 392 347
327 292 205 HRMS calcd for C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521742
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr4)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S56) S55 (25 mg 47 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and LiOH (2 mg) was added The solution
was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) and filtered
Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8
mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using
a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S56 (20 mg 83) as a white cottony substance after lyophilization
Retention time = 54 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 524-523 (d J = 38 Hz 1H) 441-438 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
377-367 (d x 2 2H) 362-339 (m 8H) 331-316 (m 4H) 280-264 (2m 2H) 228-224 (t J = 73
Hz 2H) 217-213 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 176-169 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1777 1759 994 851
S35
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
783 774 764 727 725 720 715 692 607 603 392 346 327 292 205 HRMS calcd for
C19H33NO13NaS 5381570 [M+Na]+ found 5381557
S36
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OAcOAcO
AcO
AcO
OAc
S57
OAcO
OAcOAc
OHS
NH
OMe
O O
S1
S58 R1 = Ac R2 = MeS59 R1 = H R2 = MeS60 R1 = H R2 = H
OR1OR1O
R1O
R1O
R1O
OR1O
R1OS
O
NH
OR2
O O
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (2346- tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-
234- tri-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside (S58) Isomaltose 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose
(2 g 58 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous pyridine (25 mL) and then cooled to 0degC in an ice bath To
this solution was added Ac2O (10 mL) and a catalytic amount of DMAP After 24 hours the mixture was
poured into ice water and extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) The extracts were then successively
washed with water aqueous HCl and water dried over Na2SO4 and then concentrated The residual
viscous oil was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using toluene-ethyl acetate (0-80) to
yield maltose octaacetate (20 g 50) as viscous oil The isomaltose octaacetate (350 mg 051 mmol)
and linker S1 (318 mg 15 mmol) were then dissolved was then dissolved into anhydrous CH2CL2 (5
mL) cooled to 0degC and BF3Et2O (260 microL 20 mmol 4eq) added After stirring for 24 hours the
reaction was diluted with CH2Cl2 (100 mL) washed with sat aq NaHCO3 (2 x 300 mL) dried over
Na2SO4 and concentrated to yield viscous oil Purification by flash chromatography on silica gel using
hexanes-ethyl acetate (gradient of 0-80) yielded S58 (152 mg 36) as an oil Rf = 015 (91 ethyl
acetate-hexanes) 1H NMR (CDCl3) δ 653-651 (t J = 56 Hz 3H) 547-542 (dd J = 97 97 Hz 1H)
526-521 (t J = 93 93 Hz 1H) 511-494 (m 5H) 488-483 (dd J = 36 36 Hz 3H) 458-455 (d J =
10 Hz 1H) 428-424 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 410-403 (m 2H) 376-370 (m 2H) 366 (s 3H) 359-
352 (m 2H) 342-333 (m 1H) 293-286 (m 1H) 277-270 (m 1H) 239-236 (t J = 72 2H) 227-
223 (t J = 72 2H) 212 (s 3H) 210 (s 3H) 206 (s 3H) 205 (s 3H) 203(s 3H) 202 (s 3H) 201
(s 3H) 199-191 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1735 1723 1705 17037 17035 17002 1694 1692
957 836 765 736 707 698 697 686 682 674 661 616 514 397 350 330 300 207
S37
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
2067 2064 2062 2057 2051 2049 HRMS calcd for C34H49NO20NaS 8462461 [M+H]+ found
8462451
[2-(methyl 4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-
glucopyranoside (S59) S58 (86 mg 0104 mmol) was dissolved anhydrous methanol (3 mL) and a
catalytic amount of NaOMe was added The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 8 hrs and then
neutralized with Amberlite IR-120 (H+) filtered and the solvent removed in vacuo The resulting oil was
purified by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm Flow rate = 8 mLmin
Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while monitoring using a Waters
2420 ELS detector] to yield S59 (53 mg 96 yield) as a white cottony solid after lyophilization
Retention time = 795 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 479-478 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 441-444 (d J = 99 Hz 1H)
382-379 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 371-367 (dd J = 22 22 Hz 1H) 362-348 (m 5H) 354 (s 3H)
341-324 (m 6H) 318-313 (app t J = 87 1H) 280-265 (m 2H) 229-225 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 216-
212 (t J = 74 Hz 2H) 178-170 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1763 1758 977 857 780 773 730
722 717 713 693 690 654 603 521 392 347 327 296 205 HRMS calcd for
C20H35NO13NaS 5521726 [M+Na]+ found 5521724
[2-(4-carbamoylbutanoyl)ethyl] (α-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1rarr6)-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside
(S60) S59 (50 mg 94 micromol) was dissolved in water (20mL) and a catalytic amount of LiOH (2 mg) was
added The solution was then stirred at room temperature overnight neutralized with Amberlite IR-120
(H+) and filtered Purification by reverse phase HPLC [Atlantistrade dC18 column 5 microm 10 x 100 mm
Flow rate = 8 mLmin Gradient = 0 to 20 CH3CN in H2O (with 01TFA) over 40 minutes while
monitoring using a Waters 2420 ELS detector] yielded S60 (35 mg 72) as a white cottony substance
after lyophilization Retention time = 57 min 1H NMR (D2O) δ 477 (d J = 36 Hz 1H) 445-443 (d J
= 10 Hz 1H) 380-376 (dd J = 44 44 Hz 1H) 369-365 (dd J = 20 20 Hz 1H) 361-348 (m 5H)
339-322 (m 6H) 317-311 (t J = 88 96 Hz 1H) 278-264 (m 2H) 211-207 (t J = 74 77 Hz
S38
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
2H) 204-200 (t J = 74 76 Hz 2H) 169-162 (m 2H) 13C NMR (D2O) δ 1824 1763 977 857
780 773 730 722 717 713 693 690 655 603 393 365 353 295 222
Conjugation of Sugar-Acids to BSA via EDC Coupling Sugar-acids were dissolved in H2O at
a final concentration of 150 mM EDC was dissolved in a 5050 mixture of DMFH2O at a final
concentration of 300 mM NHS was dissolved in DMF at a final concentration of 300 mM The NHS
ester was preformed by combining the carbohydrate EDC and NHS in an Eppendorf tube at a ratio of
211 and allowing the reaction to stand at room temperature with occasional gentle mixing After 1 hr
the reaction mixture was added to a solution of BSA (4 mgmL in 10 mM sodium borate 90 mM NaCl
pH 80) that had been pre-cooled to 4 degC to give a final ratio of carbohydrate to BSA of approximately
501 After 15 minutes the solution was warmed to room temperature and allowed to stand for 1 h
BSA-conjugates were then dialyzed extensively against water (SpectraPor 7 MWCO = 10000) BSA
conjugates were analysis by MALDI-TOF MS and the extent of conjugation was determined by
subtracting the average mass of BSA (66431) from the average mass of the BSA-conjugate and then
dividing by the molecular weight of the sugar-acid (minus 18) If necessary the ratio of acid to BSA was
altered to obtain a final ratio of sugarBSA between 161 and 241
Fabrication of the Microarrays
Glass microscope slides containing 16 wells and an epoxide modified surface (Nalge Nunc
International Rochester NY) were used to fabricate the microarrays An entire array was printed in each
well Printing was carried out at KamTek (Gaithersburg MD) Briefly samples (05 mgml with 5
glycerol in PBS buffer pH 72) were distributed in a 384 well plate (15 microLwell) and placed in the
chamber of the robotic microarray printer (Virtek CWP with a 48 pin head) Quill pins were dipped into
the samples (55 s) blotted twice and then printed in duplicate in each well of the slide (02 s dwell time)
S39
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
Pins were washed five times prior to printing the next sample Humidity was maintained at 65 The
temperature was kept at 16-18 ordmC Printing resulted in a 13 x 12 grid of spots in each well of the slide
with a spot to spot distance of 195 microm on the X-axis and 210 microm on the Y-axis Spots were
approximately 100 microm Once printed the slides were air dried for 24 hours then stored at minus20 ordmC until
used
Lectin Binding Assay and Analysis
The binding affinities of the lectins for various epitopes were evaluated using an ELISA-like
assay The detailed description of this protocol has been published previously[1] In summary the array
printed slides were initially incubated with blocking buffer (3 BSA in PBS 200 microLwell) for two hours
The binding buffers for the lectins were prepared according to the specification sheets in 1 BSA in PBS
at pH 72 Metals such as Ca++ (01 mM) and Mn++ (001 mM) were added when necessary Serial
dilutions of the lectins were then carried out on the 2 X 8 slides and were then incubated for another two
hours The slides were washed three times with PBS and then incubated for 1 hour with streptavidin-
HRP (diluted 15000 in PBS containing 3 BSA) The slides were washed again seven times with PBS
and then incubated with 01 cyanine 3- tyramide labeling reagent in PBS containing 1 BSA 001
H2O2 (diluted from a 30 solution) 0005 Tween 20 and 001 polyvinylpyrrolidone for 10 minutes
The wells were washed with PBS one more time and the detachable solution chamber was then peeled off
from the glass slides The detached slides were incubated in PBS for five minutes placed in a 50 mL
conical tube and then spin-dried in an Eppendorf 5810R centrifuge at 900 g for 5 min The slides were
scanned on a GenePix scanner (GenePix 4000B Microarray Scanner Molecular Devices Corporation
Union City CA) The fluorescence was quantified by using GenePix Pro 60 software with a GenePix
Array List file The mean values minus the background (typically around 200) for each of the two spots
for a particular sample were averaged The detection limit (DL) or the titer of a lectin for a particular
S40
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
epitope was defined as the lowest lectin concentration that gave a fluorescent signal of at least 1000 (~5
times the background fluorescence)
The unusual binding of RCA120 and BPL to the rha-α RCA120 and SNA to HSA and ACL to
Manβ4 was confirmed by ELISA with the pure BSA-conjugates ELISA results were consistent with the
microarray results indicating that binding was not an artifact or a result of mis-printing Further evidence
of recognition is in the next section
Lectin Inhibition assay
L-Rhamnose monohydrate (L-Rha) methyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (Glc-β) methyl-α-D-
galactopyranoside (Gal-α) and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) and HSA were purchased from
Sigma Aldrich (Milwaukee WI)
Inhibition assays were performed for RCA120 BPL SNA and ACL on 96-well plates using the
biotinylated lectin conjugates For RCA120 lactose-BSA (50 ng well) was immobilized in wells of the
plate overnight at 4 ordmC T-BSA was immobilized for BPL while LSTc-BSA was used for SNA and Lex-
BSA was used for ACL The wells were then blocked with 200 microl of 3 BSA in PBS for two hours For
the inhibition studies RCA120 was used at 83 nM while BPL at 10 nM SNA at 133 nM and ACL at
14 microM The lectin incubation conditions were identical to the ELISA conditions and according to the
specification sheet in 03 BSA in PBS buffer Briefly in a separate BSA-blocked culture-treated plate
the lectins were incubated with various dilutions of the inhibitor for a total volume of 50 microl for two
hours Serial dilutions of the inhibitory free sugars L-Rha Glc-β Gal-α and GalNAc started at 1 M
Serial dilutions of HSA started at 76 microM and the BSA conjugates started around 7 microM After two hours of
incubation the solution was transferred to the ligand immobilized 96-well plate The plate was then
allowed to incubate for another two hours The wells were then washed three times with PBS buffer (200
microL) and were incubated with 11000 dilution of streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase (50 microL) for an hour
The wells were then washed again with PBS (200 microL) seven times and were incubated with 50 microL of 100
S41
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
microM methyl umbelliferryl phosphate in tris buffer at pH 90 After five minutes of incubation the plate
was then read using an FLX800 plate reader The fluorescence intensity was then normalized and curve
fitted with the logarithmic values of the concentrations using Origin 75 From the curve an IC50 value
was extrapolated
Table S1 Results from the Inhibition Assays
RCA120 (83 nM) BPL (10 nM) SNA (133 nM) ACL (14 microM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM) Epitope IC50 (mM)
L-Rha 168 L-Rha 119 BgB-BSA None Lex-BSA 0000012 Glc-β 110 galNAc 0195 T-BSA 000225 Glc-β-BSA None HSA 00018 Glc-β 62 Glc-β-BSA None Man4-BSA None Gal-α 132 LSTc-BSA 0000224 GalNAc 51 HSA 000763
References
[1] J Manimala Z Li A Jain S VedBrat J C Gildersleeve ChemBioChem 2005 6 2229
[2] R Roy E Katzenellenbogen H J Jennings Can J Chem 1984 62 270
[3] A M Wu FEBS Lett 2004 562 51
[4] R Paruszewski R Matusiak G Rostafinska-Suchar S Gumulka P Krzascik Pol J Chem
1987 61 127
[5] B Lou G V Reddy H Wang S Hanessian in Preparative Carbohydrate Chemistry (Ed S
Hanessian) Marcel Dekker Inc New York 1997 pp 389
[6] S Rio J-M Beau J C Jacquinet Carbohydr Res 1991 219 71
[7] A Marra J Esnault A Veyrieres P Sinay J Am Chem Soc 1992 114 6354
[8] M Christensen M Meldal K Bock J Klaus J Chem Soc Perkin Trans 1 1993 13 1453
[9] Z Szurmai L Janossy Carbohydr Res 1996 296 279
S42
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
[10] J S Debenham S D Debenham B Fraser-Reid Bioorg Med Chem 1996 4 1909
S43
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S44
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OH
O
HO
NH
Ac S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S4
S45
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH S
NHO
H
OO
(S8)
S46
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
NHO
H
OO
O
HO
OH
OH
SS8
S47
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O
OH
OH
OH
SNH
OH
OO
(S11)
S48
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
NHO
H
OO
O
OH
OH
OH
S
S11
S49
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S50
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H
S
S15α
S51
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S52
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
NHO
H
OO
OH
OH
OO
H S
S15β
S53
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S18)
S54
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S18
S55
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0050
100
O OH
OH
HO
HO
SNH
OH
OO
(S22)
S56
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OH
O
HO
HO
S
OH
NHO
H
OO
S22
S57
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
S58
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400O
OH
OH
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
S59
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-500
0 500
1000
1500
2000
2500
OO
HO
H
HO
OH
OH
O
O
HO
OHS
NH
O
OH
O
S30
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
S60
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 100
200
300
400
500
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
-100
0 1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
SNH
O
OH
O
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OH
O OH
O
OHS37
S61
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
O OH
OH
HO
O OH
O
HO
OH
SN
HAc
NHO
H
OO
(S49)
S62
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OO
HO
HO
OH
S
OH
O
HO
AcN
H
OH
NHO
H
OO
S49
S63
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0050
100
0 50 100
150
200
250
300
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S64
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
050
100150
200
0 5000
OH
O
OH
HO
OH
OO
OH
HO
OH
SNH
O
OH
O
S52
S65
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OHOHO
OH
OH
OOHO
OH
OH
SNH
OO
OH
(S56)
S66
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OH
OHO
HO
O
OH
OH
OH
OS
OH
NHO
H
OO
S56
S67
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
ppm (f1)
0010
2030
4050
6070
8090
OH
OHO
OH
OH
OH
OHO
OH
O
SNH
OO
OH
(S60)
S68
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69
OH
OHO
HO
HO H
O
OH
OH
OS
O
NHO
H
OO
S60
S69