6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of the

blood through the heart

Some terms and functions

ventricles – pump blood through the body or to the lungs

atria – pump blood to the ventricles

valves – prevent blood from going the wrong direction (backflow)

arteries – carry blood away from the heart (the aorta is the main artery)

veins – carry blood to the heart (the superior and inferior vena cava are the main veins)

6.2.2 State that the coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients

The heart muscle is very active and needs a lot of oxygen, glucose and other nutrients It would be impossible for the heart to obtain these nutrients from the fast flowing blood that travels through the chambers

The walls of the heart are covered with a network of coronary arteries and capillaries

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

Right Side

The right atrium collects blood from the body from the vena cava

The muscle of the right atrium contracts which pushes the blood past the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle

The right atrium muscle relaxes

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

Right Side

The right ventricle muscle contracts increasing the blood pressure in that chamber

This causes the tricuspid valve to close and semilunar valve opens

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

Right Side

Blood flows into the pulmonary arteries and the pressure causes the semilunar valve to close

Blood travels to the lungs and then back to the left atrium

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

Left Side

The left atrium collects blood from the lungs from the pulmonary vein

The muscle of the left atrium contracts which pushes the blood past the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle

The left atrium muscle relaxes

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

Left Side

The left ventricle muscle contracts increasing the blood pressure in that chamber

This causes the mitral valve to close

The semilunar valve to opens

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

Left Side

Blood flows into the aorta and the pressure causes the semilunar valve to close

Blood travels through the body and returns to the right atrium

The process is repeated

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves

This type of circulatory system is called double circulation because the blood goes from the heart to the lungs back to the heart and then to the body.

All mammals have this type of transport system Important to remember:• The walls of the left ventricle are thicker than

the right ventricle.

• This is because the left ventricle must pump the blood through the entire body and the right ventricle needs only to pump the blood to the lungs