6 stability controls
TRANSCRIPT
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Slide 1
Power System StabilityControls
Bonneville Power Administration
Transmission Planning, Technology Innovation
July 2007
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Slide 2
BPA Team
Transmission Planning
Transmission Operations
Engineering and Design Remedial ActionSchemes
Technology Innovation Office
Consultants to be identified
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Slide 3
Power System Controls
Voltage Stability Controls
Transient Stability Controls
Oscillation Damping Controls
Power Flow Controls
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Slide 4
Controllability Can we take control actions to affect the
dynamic behavior of interest ?
Do we have:
appropriate devices
located in right places in the grid and
adequately sized ?
What investments can be made to achieve a
required level of controllability ?
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Slide 5
Observability Can wide-area measurements greatly improve
the quality of control decisions ?
What signals to measure and where to placecontrol RTUs?
Do these locations have high-speed datacommunications ?
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Slide 6
Practical Control Considerations Critical requirement for wide-area controls:
Availability of dedicated high-speed datacommunications (e.g. redundant fiber-optic)
Control-grade RTUsare available
Existing Phasor Measurement Unit infrastructure is not control-grade
The control deployment is likely to be incremental
Control algorithm must be simple and robust
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Slide 7
Voltage Stability Controls
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Slide 8
Voltage Stability Controls
Primary Voltage Control:
Fast response to voltage disturbances Includes generator Automatic Voltage Regulators, fast reactive insertion,
Static Var Compensators, etc
Secondary Voltage Control:
Slower control loop managing reactive resources (shunts, generators,LTCs) to optimize voltage profile and to ensure adequate reactivereserves.
Emergency Controls:
Load shedding, line opening, etc.
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Slide 9
Voltage Stability Controls
Controllability is good.
BPA has a large number of reactive compensators installedon the system.
BPA has a secondary voltage control implemented through
AGC
Need to identify opportunities of better controllingalready available reactive resources in response tovoltage stability risks
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Slide 10
Voltage Stability Controls
Primary: response-based controls for fast reactive switching:
Fast reactive switching of 500-kV shunt capacitor banks in Portland /Salem area
Coordination of fast reactive switching in Southern Oregon / NorthernCalifornia
Secondary: Reactive power management
Management of reactive resources (shunts, generators) and ULTCs toensure adequate reactive reserves
Emergency: Load Shedding schemes
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Slide 11
Voltage Stability Controls
Study the benefits of the proposed control actions
Set control performance requirements
Develop control algorithm:
Study various control approaches: local, centralized, coordinated,
hierarchical, etc. Determine input signals for controls.
Develop control logic
Develop control models for power system studies
Develop control implementation plan, develop design requirementsfor a control system, prepare PRD
Design, implement, test, validate, certify, maintain controls
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Slide 12
Oscillation Damping Controls
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Slide 13
Oscillation Damping Solutions
Operational
Observe, analyze, take actions
Planning
Improved modeling
Design damping controllers
Performance requirements
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Slide 14
Oscillation Damping Controls
Phase I: Controllability assessment:
Generator excitation controls
Generator prime mover controls
Energy storage
Wind Farms
High-Voltage DC system
Power flow controls UPFC, TCSC, etc
Shunt reactive compensation SVC, STATCOM, etc
Load controls
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Slide 15
Oscillation Damping Controls
Phase II: Observabilityassessment:
Local measurements
Wide-area measurements, optimal locations
Phase III: Control Algorithm design and prototyping
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Slide 16
Power Flow Controls
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O O S O
Slide 17
Power Flow Controls
Controllability is very low.
PDCI is capable of fast direct control of power
Phase-shifters are used in other parts of the system forpower flow control
Research opportunities for direct control of power flow
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Slide 18
Summary for FY 2008
Voltage Stability Controls
Specific projects identified for primary voltage controls
Focus is on controls for fast reactive switching
Develop control and communications PRD for capital fundingrequest in FY 2009
Oscillation Damping Controls
Phase I: evaluate controllability of North South inter-areaoscillations