6 essential nutrients - erie city school district
TRANSCRIPT
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6 Essential
Nutrients
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Learning Target
I will be able to identify the 6 essential nutrients the
human body needs
• Success Criteria:
I can name each essential nutrient.
I can describe each nutrient’s function.
I can explain how to obtain healthy amounts of each
nutrient in my diet.
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What are they? • Carbohydrates
• Proteins
• Fats
• Vitamins
• Minerals
• Water
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Carbohydrates • Supply our bodies with the main source of
energy
• What do you think are the best sources of
carbohydrates?
• whole grains
• vegetables
• beans
• Used as energy
• Yield: 4 calories/gram
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What does your body do
with carbs?
• Easiest to break down • Breaks it down into it’s
simplest form (sugar)
• Goes into the bloodstream
(blood sugar level)
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Proteins
• Build up, maintain and replace tissue • muscles, organs, immune system made of protein
• Body breaks down the proteins and
makes specialized protein cells • Hemoglobin (carries oxygen, part of our red
blood cells)
• Used as energy
• Yield: 4 calories/gram
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What does your body do
with protein?
• Breaks it down into it’s simplest form: amino acid
• Amino acids are used for different functions
• Humans need 20 amino acids, but the body can only make 11
Complete proteins have all 9 (like meat and milk)
• Incomplete is missing 1 or more (like vegetables)
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Fats 3 types of fat
Saturated
Unsaturated
Trans
Used as energy
Yield: 9 calories/gram
Absorbs vitamins
Helps the brain and
nervous system develop
Insulates/cushions body
Helps create hormones
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Types of Fat • Saturated Fat
• found in meat, milk, cheese, coconut oil
• too much can raise your blood cholesterol
• Unsaturated Fat
• found in plant foods (almonds, olive oil) and fish
(salmon, tuna)
• good for heart health (in moderation)
• Trans Fat
• found in margarine, snack foods, baked goods
• a.k.a hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated
• too much can raise your blood cholesterol
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Vitamins
• Substances found in the foods we eat
• Your body cannot make vitamins so we
have to obtain them from our diet
• Name some of the vitamins you know
and what they do… • Vitamin A (eye health)
• Vitamin D (bone health
• Vitamin C (immune health)
• B Vitamins (make energy!)
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Types of Vitamins
• Fat soluble
• Stored in fat! (and liver) until your
body uses it, a few days-6 months
• A, D, E, & K are all fat soluble
• Water soluble
• Travel through your bloodstream,
and excess is expelled through
urination
• Need to be replaced more often
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• Help your body grow, develop and
stay healthy
• 2 main kinds of minerals • Macro-mineral
• Trace (micro) Mineral
• Of which do you need more?
Minerals
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Types of Minerals • Macrominerals
(100mg needed
daily)
• Calcium
• Phosporous
• Maganese
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Chloride
• Sulfur
• Trace Minerals (.2-15mg
needed daily)
• Iron
• Maganese
• Copper
• Iodine
• Zinc
• Colbalt
• Flouride
• Selenium
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Water
• Makes up 50-65%
of your body
• Essential for
survival – 3 days • Blood is made up of
mostly water, it
carries oxygen to
your body
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What does water do?
• Used in ALL cells, tissues, organs
• Lost through respiration,
perspiration, digestion, urination
• Cools your body down