6 biomes and aquatic ecosystems chapter. too much of a good thing? elephant populations in southern...
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6Biomes and Aquatic EcosystemsBiomes and Aquatic EcosystemsC
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PT
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Too Much of a Good Thing?Too Much of a Good Thing?
• Elephant populations in southern Africa ________________________ but have made overwhelming
comebacks within nature reserves and parks.• Some worry that elephant overpopulation is causing________________________________________
_________________________________________.• Many efforts to control elephant populations are
being considered and put into practice.
• Elephant populations in southern Africa ________________________ but have made overwhelming
comebacks within nature reserves and parks.• Some worry that elephant overpopulation is causing________________________________________
_________________________________________.• Many efforts to control elephant populations are
being considered and put into practice.
Talk About It Which elephant population control effort—_______________________________________you think has the best chance for long-term, positive effects?
Talk About It Which elephant population control effort—_______________________________________you think has the best chance for long-term, positive effects?
Lesson 6.1 Defining BiomesLesson 6.1 Defining Biomes
____________________________________________________________________________________.
Earth’s Major BiomesEarth’s Major Biomes• Groups of terrestrial
ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions (copy p.95)
• 10 primary biomes:
• tropical rain forest • dry forest savanna• desert • temperate rain forest• temperate forest• temperate grassland• chaparral• boreal forest• tundra
• Groups of terrestrial ecosystems that share biotic and abiotic conditions (copy p.95)
• 10 primary biomes:
• tropical rain forest • dry forest savanna• desert • temperate rain forest• temperate forest• temperate grassland• chaparral• boreal forest• tundra
Did You Know?______________________________________________________.
Did You Know?______________________________________________________.
Lesson 6.1 Defining Biomes
Climate and ClimatographsClimate and Climatographs
• (copy these definitions p. 95)(copy these definitions p. 95)
• Climate:Climate: Average conditions, Average conditions, including temperature and including temperature and precipitation, over long periods precipitation, over long periods of time in a given areaof time in a given area
• Weather:Weather: Day-to-day conditions Day-to-day conditions in Earth’s atmospherein Earth’s atmosphere
• Climatographs:Climatographs: Diagrams that Diagrams that summarize an area’s average monthly summarize an area’s average monthly temperature and precipitationtemperature and precipitation
• _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________climate conditions._____________climate conditions.
Lesson 6.1 Defining Biomes
Biomes and Net Primary ProductionBiomes and Net Primary Production• Gross primary production:__________________________
______________________________________________________
• Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration
• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity,_______________
________________________________________________________.
• Warm, wet biomes generally have _______ net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.
• Gross primary production:__________________________
______________________________________________________
• Net primary production: The amount of organic matter (biomass) that remains after primary producers use some to carry out cellular respiration
• Ecosystems vary in their net primary productivity,_______________
________________________________________________________.
• Warm, wet biomes generally have _______ net primary productivity than cold, dry biomes.
Lesson 6.1 Defining Biomes
Lesson 6.2 BiomesLesson 6.2 Biomes
____________________________________________________________
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Tropical Rain ForestTropical Rain Forest
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Year-round warm temperatures and at least ________________
_______________________
• Soil generally ______________
• Forest canopy, emergent layer, and understory support _______
__________________________.
• Plants tend to have __________ leaves and shallow roots.
• Supports ___________________
________________; animals tend to be highly specialized.
Did You Know? Some tropical plants (epiphytes) grow high on other plants to access sunlight and do not touch the soil.
Did You Know? Some tropical plants (epiphytes) grow high on other plants to access sunlight and do not touch the soil.
Tropical Dry ForestTropical Dry Forest
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Warm year-round, but _________
_________________________
• Most_________________—they lose their leaves and cease photosynthesis part of the year.
• Plants and animals exhibit __________ (e.g. waxy leaf coating, deep roots, estivation, migration) that enable them to
__________________________.
Tiger (Panthera tigris)
SavannaSavanna
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Receives less precipitation than tropical dry forests, but more than deserts; usually has a __________________________
• _______ interspersed with groups of trees
• Tree growth limited by _______________
__________________________________
• Plants are adapted to dry conditions; tend to be _______________, thick bark, and
_______________________.
• Many animals ________________, or burrow when water is scarce.
DesertDesert
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Receives less than____________
____________________________
• ________________________ from day to night.
• Plants tend to have ___________ leaves, __________ in their tissues, and________________.
• Animals get most of their water from the food they eat, and they tend to be ________. Mammals have exaggerated appendages to ___________________________.
Did You Know? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Did You Know? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Temperate Rain ForestTemperate Rain Forest
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Year-round _________ temperatures and _____________
• Largest extent found in _____________________________
• Characterized by _____________________, such as cedars and hemlocks, that don’t lose leaves annually; many are conifers (produce seed-bearing cones)
• Forest floor is shaded,
_______________________.
• Animals that require moisture, such as
_______________________Olympic Peninsula, Hoh River rain forest
Temperate ForestTemperate Forest
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Precipitation__________________________________________
• Varied temperatures
(_______________________________)
• Plants tend to be ____________.
• Soil is enriched with nutrients from annual leaf drop.
• Animals may_________________
___________________________
____________________________
Temperate Grassland (Prairie)Temperate Grassland (Prairie)
Lesson 2.2 Biomes
• Moderate seasonal precipitation and fairly
_____________________________________; droughts and fires common
• Not enough precipitation to support large trees; ___________________________________, thrive despite droughts, fires, animals grazing
• Animals are _____________________________.
• Soil tends to be ____________________; most of world’s grasslands have been converted to _________________.
ChaparralChaparral
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• _________________________________ with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers
• ______________________; droughts and fires common
• Plants are drought-resistant; many have thick, waxy leaves or leaves with hairs that trap moisture; succulents are common.
• Plants may have _______________________________
___________________; some plants require fire to germinate.
• Many animals _______ or are __________ to avoid heat.
Did You Know? _____________________________________________________________________________
Did You Know? _____________________________________________________________________________
Boreal Forest (Taiga)Boreal Forest (Taiga)
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• ____________ winters; short, cool summers
• _____________________
_____________________
• ___ species diversity
• _________________ with waxy needles and conical shape, adapted to harsh, snowy conditions are common.
• Animals feed, breed, and care for young mostly during ____________ year-round residents tend to have _____ insulation and __________________________________.
TundraTundra
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• Extremely ________________ winters; relatively __________
_______________________________________________
• Found at very______________________________________
• Harsh winds, nutrient-poor soil, and freezing temperatures
__________________________________________________
• Characterized by permafrost (________________________
________________________)
• Birds and caribou migrate to the tundra during the mild summer to feed on insects and lichens;________________________________________________________________________________________.
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Polar Ice and MountainsPolar Ice and Mountains
Lesson 6.2 Biomes
• _________________________
• ___________________ in Northern Hemisphere; ice sits atop _____________ in Southern Hemisphere
• Very few plants; ____________
________________________
• Mountain communities ________________________, similar to how biome communities change with latitude.
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic EcosystemsLesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
_________________________________________________.
Describing Aquatic EcosystemsDescribing Aquatic Ecosystems
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• (copy p. 104)Salinity: the amount of dissolved salt present in water. Ecosystems are classified as salt water, fresh water, or brackish depending on salinity.
• Photosynthesis tends to be _______ ___________________, which is a function of ___________________.
• Aquatic ecosystems are either_________________.
• Aquatic ecosystem zones:__________________________________
Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas
Freshwater Ecosystems: Ponds, Lakes, Inland Seas
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• Salinity is _____________ (parts per thousand)
• Ponds and lakes are similar, except in size, but _________ contain organisms__________
_________________.
• Ponds and lakes are divided horizontally into zones:__________
___________________
Freshwater Ecosystems: WetlandsFreshwater Ecosystems: Wetlands
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• Areas of land flooded with water at least part of the year
• __________________________________________________
• Wetlands prevent___________________________________
________________________________________________.
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Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams
Freshwater Ecosystems: Rivers and Streams
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• ____________________________
_____________________________
• Watershed: The area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
• ______________, such as dissolved oxygen, temperature, water speed, organisms, and others, _____________________
___________________________.
EstuariesEstuaries
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• (copy p. 105)Occur where a river flows into the ocean or an inland sea
• Coastal estuaries are brackish ecosystems; _______________
_________________________ranges.
• Coastal estuaries are home to salt marshes and mangrove forests.
• Like wetlands, estuaries help prevent
______________________________________________________________.Did You Know? Salt marshes and mangrove forests are
two of the most productive ecosystems on Earth.
Did You Know? Salt marshes and mangrove forests are two of the most productive ecosystems on Earth.
Everglades, Florida, wetlands
OceansOceans
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• ________________________________________________________________________________________.
• Surface winds and heating generate vertical currents that
_________________________________________________.
Did you Know?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
Did you Know?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
• Horizontal ocean zones: intertidal, neritic, open ocean (#16 p. 107)
• Vertical ocean zones: photic, aphotic, benthic
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Ocean EcosystemsOcean Ecosystems
Lesson 6.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
• Intertidal: Highly diverse; extreme range of temperature, moisture, and salinity
• Neritic: Productive kelp forests and coral reefs provide habitats and help protect shorelines from erosion.(#17p. 107)
Did You Know?_______________________________________________________________________________________.
Did You Know?_______________________________________________________________________________________.
• Open ocean: Low productivity due to low light penetration; ____
__________________; #18) deep sea organisms and hydrothermal vent communities