5lwood
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CLOUDS AND PRECIPITATION
By: Luke Wood
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Adiabatic temperature changes(expansion and cooling) Wet adiabatic rate is the process of air releasing
latent heat as the process of condensation starts. When you travel up in the atmosphere there are
fewer gas molecules, since there are fewer molecules the air begins to expand and cool
when air goes deeper into our Earth the air pressure increases and the air condenses this rate of heating or cooling is called dry adiabatic rate.
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Orographic lifting
When any raised land or manmade feature blocks air flow orographic lifting begins.
As air goes up a mountain side the adiabatic cooling begins and creates precipitation
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Frontal Wedging
When warm and cold air collides a front begins to form. At these fronts cool dense air acts as a barrier which blocks the warmer less dense air from raising this is called frontal wedging.
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Convergence
If air is coming from more than one direction it have only one place to go and that is up.
When the air gets lifted into the air it leads to adiabatic cooling and possible cloud formation.
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Localized Convective Lifting Is the constant flow of warmer air during
days of uneven heating. This uneven heating cause thermal to form these thermal are air pockets that carry things in the air once the warm air have stopped flowing a cloud will form.
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Stability
Air that resists moving vertically is called stable air Unstable air rises freely
Clouds will not form where stable conditions are present. Stable air clouds are very wide but have small vertical height.
Unstable clouds are high over the surface and generate thunderstorm or maybe a tornado.
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Condensation
Condensation is a process that happens when water vapor in the air changes to a liquid(air must be saturated)
If there is not a surface of water vapor to condense on condensation will not happen
Condensation nuclei are the surface needed for water vapor to condense if nuclei are not there a relative humidity much 100 percent is needed
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Types of clouds
There are 3 basic forms of cloud cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds are put into these categories based on the form and height.
Cirrus- clouds that are high and thin have a faded streak like appearance
Stratus-are very flat and act as a blanket because the cover they entire sky
Cumulus-these clouds are made up of many other cloud masses in my opinion they look like explosions with a flat base.
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High clouds
3 types of clouds are in the “high cloud” region cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus
All high clouds are thin white streaks often made of ice crystal
These types of clouds are often called precipitation makers but if these clouds begin to cover most of the sky they could warm oncoming rain clouds.
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Middle clouds
Middle clouds are composed of rounded masses
Altocumulus are large dense cloud These clouds create grayish white
sheets across the sky
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Low Clouds
Three member stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus
Dark fogy layer of clouds Produce light precipitation
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Clouds of vertical development
These clouds do not fit into the 3 cloud height categories
Associated with unstable air
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Fog
Created by radiation cooling or the movement of air above a cold surface.
Fog is defined by having its base close to or on the ground
Cooling, causes clouds when warm moist air moves over a cold surface (land or water) then is carried into show by prevailing winds also fog can be caused at night when the earth cools quickly and air is in contact with the ground
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Cold cloud precipitation
Is formed by the Bergeron process Ice crystals grow at the expense of
cloud droplets until they are large enough to fall
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Warm Cloud Precipitation Is formed by the collision and coalescence
process When the relative humidity is below 100%
water absorbing particles such as salt remove water droplets from cloud. These removed drop run into other small slower droplets and fall to the ground.
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Rain and Snow
Rain is a drop of water that come from clouds and are bigger the .5mm
Rain is caused by melting ice crystals in temperatures above 4 degrees Celsius
Snow is formed at very low temperature and is made up of ice crystals that join together into larger snowflakes
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Sleet, Glaze and Hail
Sleet is the fall of small articles of clear or see threw ice for this to form a layer of air with temperature below freezing must overlie and subfreezing layer.
Glaze happens when rain drops become “super-cooled” below 0 degrees Celsius
Hail- hailstones begin in cumulonimbus clouds and grow bigger by collecting super-cooled water droplets as they fall through other clouds
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THE END
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WORK CITED http://cl0uds.wordpress.com/2009/02/04/14/ slide 1 http://www.bio.georgiasouthern.edu/bio-home/harvey/lect/lectures.h
tml slide 2
http://www.waterencyclopedia.com/Ce-Cr/Climate-Moderator-Water-as-a.html slide 3
http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/taylor/gs106/atm2_precip_files/frame.htm#slide0004.htm slide 4
http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/scripter/geog100/lect/05-atmos-water-wx/05-part-7-atmos-lifting-fronts/ch5-part-7a-atmos-liftin.htm slide 5
https://www.meted.ucar.edu/sign_in.php?go_back_to=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.meted.ucar.edu%252Fnorlat%252Fsnow%252Flake_effect%252Fprint_whole.htm slide 6
http://ocw.usu.edu/Forest__Range__and_Wildlife_Sciences/Wildland_Fire_Management_and_Planning/Unit_7__Atmospheric_Stability_and_Instability_1.html slide 7
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WORK CITED http://www.westendwindows.co.uk/condensation/ slide 8 http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloud3.html slide 9 http://www.allstar.fiu.edu/aerojava/fltenv3.htm slide 10 http://www.beijinghikers.com/v2/resources/news/hiking-photos-switch
back-great-wall-2009-12-16/ slide 11
http://anthonyjstewart.wordpress.com/2009/05/28/chicago-low-clouds-and-mist/ slide 12
http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter6/lift_intro.html slide 13
http://articles.sfgate.com/2005-08-19/news/17387430_1_fog-san-francisco-bay-area-summer slide 14
http://www.liveweatherblogs.com/weatherblog/5568/Clouds-Precipitation-as-earth-s-thermostat slide 15
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WORK CITED http://
www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/introduction-to-the-basic-drivers-of-climate-13368032 slide 16
http://www.cco.caltech.edu/~atomic/snowcrystals/ slide 17 http://www.kaiserroof.com/hail/ slide 18