5G New RadioIN BULLETS

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5G NR in BULLETS

1 FUNDAMENTALS...................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................................................... 81.2 USE CASES...............................................................................................................................................................................9

1.2.1 Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB)........................................................................................................................101.2.2 Massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC).....................................................................................................101.2.3 Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC)..................................................................................... 111.2.4 Vehicle to Everything (V2X)..........................................................................................................................................11

1.3 REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................................................................. 131.4 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE............................................................................................................................................. 15

1.4.1 REFERENCE POINT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE....................................................................................................161.4.2 SERVICE BASED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE.......................................................................................................... 171.4.3 NETWORK FUNCTIONS............................................................................................................................................. 19

1.5 BASE STATION ARCHITECTURES.................................................................................................................................. 301.5.1 STANDALONE BASE STATION..................................................................................................................................301.5.2 NON-STANDALONE BASE STATION............................................................................................................... 311.5.3 CU-DU SPLIT BASE STATION...................................................................................................................................351.5.4 CP-UP SEPARATION................................................................................................................................................... 381.5.5 ANTENNA ARCHITECTURES........................................................................................................................... 391.5.6 BASE STATION CLASSES........................................................................................................................................... 42

1.6 INTERFACES..........................................................................................................................................................................431.6.1 Xn INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 431.6.2 Fl INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 461.6.3 El INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 491.6.4 NG INTERFACE................................................................................................................................................. 511.6.5 X2 INTERFACE.................................................................................................................................................. 55

1.7 PROTOCOL STACKS............................................................................................................................................................561.7.1 USER PLANE................................................................................................................................................................. 561.7.2 CONTROL PLANE.........................................................................................................................................................58

1.8 RRC STATES..........................................................................................................................................................................611.8.1 RRC IDLE...........................................................................................................................................................621.8.2 RRC CONNECTED....................................................................................................................................................... 631.8.3 RRC INACTIVE..............................................................................................................................................................64

1.9 REGISTRATION MANAGEMENT.................................................................................................................................... 671.10 CONNECTION MANAGEMENT......................................................................................................................................681.11 ACCESS CONTROL.............................................................................................................................................................691.12 SIGNALLING RADIO BEARERS...................................................................................................................................... 711.13 PDU SESSIONS..................................................................................................................................................................... 731.14 QUALITY OF SERVICE......................................................................................................................................................761.15 NETWORK SLICING.......................................................................................................................................................... 791.16 EDGE COMPUTING............................................................................................................................................................ 811.17 MICOMODE......................................................................................................................................................................... 821.18 UE CAPABILITIES...............................................................................................................................................................821.19 SPECTRUM............................................................................................................................................................................84

1.19.1 DUPLEX MODES.....................................................................................................................................................851.19.2 OPERA TING BANDS...............................................................................................................................................861.19.3 BAND COMBINA TIONS.........................................................................................................................................891.19.4 MILLIMETER WAVE PROPAGATION..................................................................................................................90

1.20 MIMO......................................................................................................................................................................................921.21 BEAMFORMING.................................................................................................................................................................. 951.22 3GPP SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................................................................101

2 AIR INTERFACE..................................................................................................................................................................... 102

2.1 NUMEROLOGY...................................................................................................................................................................1022.2 RADIO FRAMES AND SLOTS.......................................................................................................................................... 1062.3 RESOURCE BLOCKS AND BANDWIDTH PARTS..................................................................................................... 113

2.3.1 COMMON RESOURCE BLOCKS........................................................................................................................... 1132.3.2 BANDWIDTH PARTS.................................................................................................................................................. 1162.3.3 PHYSICAL RESOURCE BLOCKS.............................................................................................................................118

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5G NR in BULLETS

2.3.4 VIRTUAL RESOURCE BLOCKS...............................................................................................................................1182.4 CHANNEL BANDWIDTHS...............................................................................................................................................1192.5 FREQUENCY RASTER...................................................................................................................................................... 121

2.5.1 CHANNEL RASTER.................................................................................................................................................... 1212.5.2 SYNCHRONISATION RASTER..................................................................................................................................123

2.6 ANTENNA PORTS AND QUASI CO-LOCATION........................................................................................................1272.7 MODULATION....................................................................................................................................................................1302.8 CYCLIC PREFIX..................................................................................................................................................................1322.9 WAVEFORM....................................................................................................................................................................... 135

2.9.1 CP-OFDM.................................................................................................................................................................... 1362.9.2 DFT-S-OFDM............................................................................................................................................................. 139

2.10 TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER CHAIN................................................................................................................... 140

3 DOWNLINK SIGNALS AND CHANNELS.......................................................................................................................141

3.1 DOWNLINK CHANNEL MAPPINGS..............................................................................................................................1413.2 SYNCHRONISATION SIGNALS..................................................................................................................................... 1423.3 PHYSICAL BROADCAST CHANNEL.............................................................................................................................1443.4 SS/PBCH BLOCKS AND BURSTS................................................................................................................................... 1463.5 PHYSICAL DOWNLINK CONTROL CHANNEL......................................................................................................... 151

3.5.1 CONTROL RESOURCE SET (CORESET)................................................................................................................1543.5.2 SEARCH SPACE SETS..............................................................................................................................................1573.5.3 SEARCH SPACE SET (SIB 1)..................................................................................................................................... 1613.5.4 DCI FORMAT 0_0...................................................................................................................................................... 1683.5.5 DCI FORMA TOJ...................................................................................................................................................... 1693.5.6 DCI FORMAT 10...................................................................................................................................................... 1733.5.7 DCI FORMA T 11...................................................................................................................................................... 1753.5.8 DCI FORMAT 2 _0...................................................................................................................................................... 1793.5.9 DCI FORMAT 2J...................................................................................................................................................... 1803.5.10 DCIFORMAT2J.......................................................................................................................................................1803.5.11 DCI FORMAT 2J.......................................................................................................................................................181

3.6 PHYSICAL DOWNLINK SHARED CHANNEL.............................................................................................................1823.6.1 MODULATION AND CODING SCHEME.............................................................................................................. 1863.6.2 TRANSPORT BLOCK SIZE........................................................................................................................................1873.6.3 PHYSICAL LAYER PROCESSING........................................................................................................................... 1903.6.4 RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS.....................................................................................................................................1983.6.5 RESOURCE BLOCK BUNDLING............................................................................................................................2053.6.6 PRE-EMPTION........................................................................................................................................................... 2073.6.7 RESER FED RESOURCES......................................................................................................................................... 2093.6.8 REPETITION............................................................................................................................................................... 212

3.7 REFERENCE SIGNALS.....................................................................................................................................................2133.7.1 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PBCH........................................................................................2133.7.2 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PDCCH.....................................................................................2143.7.3 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PDSCH..................................................................................... 2143.7.4 CHANNEL STATE INFORMATION REFERENCE SIGNAL................................................................................. 2203.7.5 TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL..........................................................................................................................2333.7.6 PHASE TRA CKING REFERENCE SIGNAL........................................................................................................... 234

4 DOWNLINK TRANSMISSION SCHEMES.....................................................................................................................239

4.1 PBCH....................................................................................................................................................................................2394.2 PDCCH.................................................................................................................................................................................2394.3 PDSCH..................................................................................................................................................................................241

4.3.1 OPEN LOOP MIMO..................................................................................................................................................2424.3.2 SEMI-OPEN LOOP MIMO.......................................................................................................................................2434.3.3 CLOSED LOOP MIMO..............................................................................................................................................2444.3.4 MULTI-USER MIMO.................................................................................................................................................2454.3.5 RECIPROCITY BASED............................................................................................................................................. 2464.3.6 MULTIPLE TRP......................................................................................................................................................... 247

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5G NR in BULLETS

5 FLOW OF DOWNLINK DATA............................................................................................................................................248

5.1 SDAP LAYER....................................................................................................................................................................... 2535.2 PDCP LAYER....................................................................................................................................................................... 2545.3 RLC LAYER......................................................................................................................................................................... 257

5.3.1 TRANSPARENT MODE..............................................................................................................................................2585.3.2 UNACKNOWLEDGED MODE.................................................................................................................................. 2595.3.3 A CKNO WLEDGED MODE.......................................................................................................................................260

5.4 MAC LAYER........................................................................................................................................................................ 263

6 SYSTEM INFORMATION.................................................................................................................................................... 265

6.1 MASTER INFORMATION BLOCK..................................................................................................................................2666.2 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 1...............................................................................................................................2696.3 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 2...............................................................................................................................2776.4 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 3...............................................................................................................................2806.5 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 4...............................................................................................................................2816.6 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 5...............................................................................................................................2846.7 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 6...............................................................................................................................2856.8 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 7...............................................................................................................................2866.9 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 8...............................................................................................................................2866.10 SYSTEM INFORMATION BLOCK 9............................................................................................................................. 287

7 UPLINK SIGNALS AND CHANNELS................................................................................................................................288

7.1 UPLINK CHANNEL MAPPINGS...................................................................................................................................... 2887.2 PHYSICAL RANDOM ACCESS CHANNEL................................................................................................................289

7.2.1 BA CKGROUND.......................................................................................................................................................... 2897.2.2 PRACH GENERATION.............................................................................................................................................. 2937.2.3 LONG SEQUENCE PRACH FORMATS.................................................................................................................. 2967.2.4 SHORT SEQUENCE PRACHFORMATS................................................................................................................ 301

7.3 PHYSICAL UPLINK CONTROL CHANNEL..................................................................................................................3087.3.1 PUCCH FORMAT 0....................................................................................................................................................3137.3.2 PUCCH FORMAT 1....................................................................................................................................................3157.3.3 PUCCH FORMAT 2....................................................................................................................................................3197.3.4 PUCCH FORMAT 3....................................................................................................................................................3217.3.5 PUCCH FORMA T 4....................................................................................................................................................3247.3.6 PUCCH REPETITION................................................................................................................................................326

7.4 PHYSICAL UPLINK SHARED CHANNEL.....................................................................................................................3277.4.1 MODULATION AND CODING SCHEME............................................................................................................... 3307.4.2 TRANSPOR T BLOCK SIZE........................................................................................................................................ 3327.4.3 PHYSICAL LA YER PROCESSING............................................................................................................................3337.4.4 RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS.....................................................................................................................................339

7.5 UPLINK REFERENCE SIGNALS..................................................................................................................................... 3517.5.1 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PUSCH..................................................................................... 3517.5.2 DEMODULATION REFERENCE SIGNAL FOR PUCCH.................................................................................... 3577.5.3 SOUNDING REFERENCE SIGNAL.........................................................................................................................3587.5.4 PHASE TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL............................................................................................................ 369

8 UPLINK TRANSMISSION SCHEMES...............................................................................................................................374

8.1 CODEBOOK BASED TRANSMISSION.......................................................................................................................... 3748.2 NON-CODEBOOK BASED TRANSMISSION............................................................................................................... 380

9 BEAM MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................................................................ 382

9.1 INITIAL ACQUISITION..................................................................................................................................................... 3839.2 DOWNLINK BEAM REFINEMENT.................................................................................................................................3849.3 UPLINK BEAM REFINEMENT........................................................................................................................................ 3869.4 MOBILITY........................................................................................................................................................................... 3869.5 PMI BEAM SELECTION....................................................................................................................................................3889.6 BEAM FAILURE & RECOVERY...................................................................................................................................... 388

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5G NR in BULLETS

10 UE MEASUREMENTS............................................................................................................................................................389

10.1 SS-RSRP............................................................................................................................................................................... 38910.2 SS-RSRQ..............................................................................................................................................................................39110.3 SS-SINR................................................................................................................................................................................39310.4 CSI-RSRP.............................................................................................................................................................................39310.5 CSI-RSRQ.............................................................................................................................................................................39410.6 CSI-SINR............................................................................................................................................................................. 39410.7 SFN AND FRAME TIMING DIFFERENCE...................................................................................................................39410.8 OTHER MEASUREMENTS............................................................................................................................................. 395

11 MEASUREMENT REPORTING..........................................................................................................................................396

11.1 CELL LEVEL RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................40011.2 LAYER 3 FILTERING.......................................................................................................................................................40111.3 EVENTAI........................................................................................................................................................................... 40211.4 EVENT A2........................................................................................................................................................................... 40211.5 EVENT A3............................................................................................................................................................................40311.6 EVENT A4................................................................................................................................ 40311.7 EVENT A5........................................................................................................................................................................... 40411.8 EVENT A6........................................................................................................................................................................... 40411.9 EVENT Bl........................................................................................................................................................................... 40511.10 EVENT B2......................................................................................................................................................................... 405

12 IDLE MODE PROCEDURES................................................................................................................................................ 406

12.1 PLMN SELECTION............................................................................................................................................................40612.2 CELL SELECTION............................................................................................................................................................ 40712.3 CELL RESELECTION....................................................................................................................................................... 409

12.3.1 ABSOLUTE PRIORITIES......................................................................................................................................40912.3.2 TRIGGERING MEASUREMENTS........................................................................................................................41012.3.3 MOBILITY STATES................................................................................................................................................41112.3.4 RESELECTION...................................................................................................................................................... 412

12.4 PAGING................................................................................................................................................................................41512.4.1 PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................................... 41512.4.2 OCCASIONS............................................................................................................................................................419

13 PHYSICAL AND MAC LAYER PROCEDURES.............................................................................................................423

13.1 RANDOM ACCESS............................................................................................................................................................42313.1.1 CONTENTION BASED..........................................................................................................................................42513.1.2 CONTENTION FREE.............................................................................................................................................43713.1.3 PRIORITISED RANDOM ACCESS......................................................................................................................439

13.2 TIMING ADVANCE.......................................................................................................................................................... 44013.3 UPLINK POWER CONTROL........................................................................................................................................... 443

13.3.1 PUSCH.................................................................................................................................................................... 44313.3.2 PUCCH....................................................................................................................................................................44913.3.3 SRS........................................................................................................................................................................... 45313.3.4 UE PO WER CLASS................................................................................................................................................45413.3.5 MUL TIPLE UPLINK CARRIERS........................................................................................................................ 456

13.4 DOWNLINK POWER CONTROL.................................................................................................................................. 45713.5 HARQ..................................................................................................................................................................................459

13.5.1 DOWNLINK HARQ...............................................................................................................................................46013.5.2 UPLINK HARQ......................................................................................................................................................469

13.6 CHANNEL STATE REPORTING.................................................................................................................................. 47113.6.1 CHANNEL QUALITY INDICATOR.................................................................................................................... 47513.6.2 RANK INDICATOR...............................................................................................................................................47713.6.3 PRECODING MATRIX INDICATOR..................................................................................................................47813.6.4 LA YER INDICA TOR............................................................................................................................................. 49013.6.5 SSBRI, CRI AND Ll-RSRP...................................................................................................................................491

13.7 UPLINK RESOURCE REQUEST....................................................................................................................................49313.7.1 SCHEDULING REQUEST...................................................................................................................................493

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5G NR in BULLETS

13.7.2 BUFFER STATUS REPORTING..........................................................................................................................49613.8 POWER HEADROOM REPORTING.............................................................................................................................. 49913.9 RADIO LINK MONITORING........................................................................................................................................... 502

13.9.1 BEAM FAILURE..........................................................................................................................................50313.9.2 RADIO LINK FAILURE....................................................................................................................................... 505

13.10 DISCONTINUOUS RECEPTION...................................................................................................................................508

14 VOICE SERVICES..................................................................................................................................................................511

14.1 VOICE OVER NEW RADIO..............................................................................................................................................51214.2 EPS FALLBACK.................................................................................................................................................................52014.3 RAT FALLBACK................................................................................................................................................................521

15 SIGNALLING PROCEDURES..............................................................................................................................................522

15.1 LTE RRC IDLE MODE.......................................................................................................................................................52215.2 EN-DC SECONDARY CELL ADDITION....................................................................................................................... 52615.3 RRC CONNECTION SETUP............................................................................................................................................ 53615.4 INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP............................................................................................................................................. 54115.5 XN BASED HANDOVER...................................................................................................................................................54415.6 RRC CONNECTION RELEASE....................................................................................................................................... 547

16 RADIO NETWORK PLANNING......................................................................................................................................... 549

16.1 OPERATING BAND...........................................................................................................................................................54916.2 NR-ARFCN & GSCN......................................................................................................................................................... 54916.3 SLOT FORMAT.................................................................................................................................................................. 55016.4 ANTENNA SOLUTION.....................................................................................................................................................55316.5 DOWNLINK TRANSMIT POWER..................................................................................................................................55516.6 PCI ALLOCATION............................................................................................................................................................ 55516.7 CYCLIC PREFIX.................................................................................................................................................................55716.8 CSI REFERENCE SIGNAL................................................................................................................................................55716.9 PHASE TRACKING REFERENCE SIGNAL..................................................................................................................55816.10 PRACH PLANNING........................................................................................................................................................ 559

16.10.1 PRA CH FORMA T.................................................................................................................................................. 55916.10.2 PRACH CONFIGURATION INDEX................................................................................................................... 56016.10.3 ZERO CORRELATION ZONE..................................................................................................................... 56116.10.4 HIGH SPEED FLA G.............................................................................................................................................56216.10.5 ROOT SEQUENCE INDEX......................................................................................................................... 56216.10.6 PRACHFREQUENCY OFFSET..........................................................................................................................564

16.11 NEIGHBOUR PLANNING..............................................................................................................................................56516.12 CELL & BTS IDENTITY PLANNING.......................................................................................................................... 56616.13 RAN NOTIFICATION AREA PLANNING...................................................................................................................56716.14 TRACKING AREA PLANNING.....................................................................................................................................56816.15 THROUGHPUT EXPECTATIONS.................................................................................................................................569

16.15.1 DOWNLINK............................................................................................................................................................57016.15.2 UPLINK...................................................................................................................................................................571

17 DYNAMIC SPECTRUM SHARING....................................................................................................................................574

18 UE IDENTITIES....................................................................................................................................................................... 578

18.1 IMSI.......................................................................................................................................................................................57818.2 IMEI...................................................................................................................................................................................... 57818.3 SUPI&SUCI........................................................................................................................................................................57918.4 5G-GUTI...............................................................................................................................................................................57918.5 5G-S-TMSI............................................................................................................................................................................58018.6 RNTI..................................................................................................................................................................................... 58018.7 I-RNTI................................................................................................................................................................................... 581

19 ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................................................................................582

20 INDEX.........................................................................................................................................................................................586

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