5.5A Classifying Matter

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space

Mass The amount of matter in an object

Properties Appearances of an object including: mass, magnetism, physical state, relative density,

solubility, and the ability to insulate or conduct heat or electricityMagnetism The property of attraction to a magnet

Physical State The classification of matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas

Relative Density Objects that are more dense sink in water; less dense objects float in water

Solubility Measurement of the ability of a solid to dissolve in a liquid

Thermal Energy Energy that causes a change in temperature between materials

Electrical Energy Energy produced by the movement of electrons

Conductor Material that allows electric current or heat energy to flow through easily

Insulator Material that slows down or stops electric current or heat from flowing

Classify Group together based on similar traits

5.5B Properties of Water

Constant Not changing; the same

Boiling Point The temperature at which a substance changes states from a liquid to a gas (the boiling

point of water is 100 degrees Celsius)Melting Point The temperature at which a substance changes states from a solid to a liquid

Freezing Point The temperature at which a substance changes states from a liquid to a solid (freezing point

of water is 0 degrees Celsius)Condensation Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid

Evaporation Physical change in matter from a liquid to a gas

Physical State The classification of matter as a solid, a liquid or a gas

5.5CD Mixtures and Solutions

Ingredient A single part of a mixture or solution

Mixture A combination of two or more substances where each keep their own properties and can be

easily separatedPhysical Change Make different without changing what the material is made of, such as: cutting, folding,

meltingSolution A mixture of one substance dissolved evenly in another.

Dissolve Melt, make a solution out of, or turn into a liquid

Property Appearances of an object including: mass, magnetism, physical state, relative density,

solubility, and the ability to insulate or conduct heat or electricity

5.6A Uses of Energy

Energy What is needed to do work or cause change

Mechanical Energy Energy produced by a machine or moving part

Light Energy Radiant energy that our eyes can see from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Sound Energy Energy produced from vibration that you can hear

Electrical Energy Energy produced by the movement of electrons

Thermal Energy Energy that causes a transfer of heat between materials

5.6B Circuits and Electricty

Electrical Circuit The pathway through which electrical current flows

Electromagnetism Magnetism created by an electric current; examples are MRI and electric motor

Conductor Material that allows electric current to flow through easily

Insulator Material that slows down or stops electric current from flowing

Flow To move or travel smooth in a certain direction

Electric Current The flow of electricity around a circuit

Light Energy Radiant energy that our eyes can see from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum

Heat Energy Energy that causes a change in temperature between materials

Sound Energy Energy produced from vibration that you can hear

5.6C Light

Reflection Energy waves bouncing off the surface of an object (mirrors or echoes return energy back

to their source)Refraction Energy waves that bend (change direction and speed) as they pass from one type of object

to another typeLens A clear piece of curved glass or plastic that bends passing light to focus or spread the light

raysMirror Any object that has a reflective surface

Laser A device that gives off a very strong and directed beam of light

Illuminate Light up

Light Spectrum The small part of the electromagnetic spectrum that the human eye can see; violet, blue,

cyan, green, yellow, orange and red Magnify Increase in size, power or importance

Kaleidoscope A tube that contains 3 mirrors that reflect many different designs of light passing through

a colored disk on top.Telescope An instrument that uses mirrors and/or lenses to gather and focus light from objects far

away

5.6D Experimenting with Forces

Force A push or pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction

Movement A change in position or location

Shape The outline or form of an object

Position Where an object is located in space

Direction The line or course along which an object is moving

Gravity A force that pulls objects toward the center of Earth

Friction A force that slows or stops motion when objects rub together

Inertia The property of an object that resists movement by a force

Kinetic Energy Energy in motion

Potential Energy Energy that is stored

Spring ScaleAn instrument that measures Earth's gravitational pull on an object

5.7A Formation of Fossil Fuels

Oil A flammable liquid produced from organic matter (remains of marine organisms) buried

under layers of sediments for millions of yearsNatural Gas A flammable material, without a definite form, produced from organic material (remains of

marine organisms) buried under layers of sediment found near oil depositsCoal A flammable solid produced from organic material (remains of organisms living in/near a

swamp) buried under layers of sediment.Pressure The action of force by one object against another (in a geyser, hot water escapes the

pressure from under layers of the earth’s crust)Sedimentary Rock Rock made of layers of compressed organic and inorganic sediments

Fossil Fuel Non-renewable flammable material (coal, oil, natural gas) made from the remains of plants

and animals buried in the Earth’s crust that is used to produce heat and powerOrganic Matter The waste and remains of plants and animals

5.7B Changes to LandLandform Features on the surface of the earth such as mountains, hills, dunes, oceans and rivers

Delta A triangle-shaped (deposit) landform at the mouth of a river as it empties into another body

of waterCanyon A deep gorge in the surface of the Earth formed by the erosion of moving water and sand

Sand Dune Hills formed by the wind blowing sand

Weathering The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water and ice

Volcano Created from the mixture of molten lava, ash and gases from the middle of the Earth that

erupts through a crack in the Earth’s surfaceEarthquake A sudden release of energy under the Earth’s surface that makes the ground shake or crack

Deposition The build up of land by depositing sediment and soil in a new location

Erosion The movement of weathered material on the Earth’s surface by wind, water or ice

5.7C Alternative Energy

Alternative

Energy Resource

Energy generated by natural processes that is renewable

Wind Energy Energy that comes from changing the power of moving air into a useful form

Solar Energy Energy that comes from the Sun

Bio Fuel Fuel made from plants and plant or animal waste

Fossil Fuel Non-renewable flammable material (coal, oil, natural gas) made from the remains of plants

and animals buried in the Earth’s crust for millions of years, that is used to produce heat Pollution Materials introduced into an environment that cause damage, discomfort or instability

Renewable

Resource

Materials from the Earth that can be replaced by nature in a short period of time; for

example, treesNonrenewable

Resource

Materials from the Earth that cannot be replaced within a reasonable amount of time; for

example, coal, oil, and natural gas

5.7D What Happened BeforeFossil Preserved parts or traces of animals and plants that lived in the past

Model A limited representation of something that can help us understand its structure or how it

works. Sediment Small pieces of rock

Decay To rot and break down into small parts

Imprint A mark or depression made by pressure

Weathering The breakdown of rock into smaller particles from the effects of wind, water or ice

Evidence A sign or proof

5.8A Weather and Climate

Weather Describes the condition of the air outdoors such as temperature, cloud cover, wind speed,

and rainfallClimate Average weather conditon of a region year after year

Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds in the sky

Temperature How hot or cold something is

Trend The direction in which tends to move toward

Generalization A rule or pattern based on limited proof

Data Pieces of information

Humidity The amount of water vapor in the air

Typical Usual; average

5.8B The Sun and Water Cycle

Ocean One of 5 large bodies of salt water that cover 75% of Earth

Beach Erosion The removal of beach materials into the sea or lakes by the action of waves, tides, or wind

Waves Moving ridges of water on the surface of the ocean caused by wind

Freshwater Water found in lakes, rivers, and streams that does not contain salt

Saltwater Water found in oceans (and a few lakes) that contains 3-4% salt

Water Cycle The changes to water when it evaporates into the air, condenses into clouds, and then

precipitates back down to the Earth’s surfaceEvaporation Physical change in matter from a liquid to a gas

Condensation Physical change in matter from a gas to a liquid

Precipitation Rain, snow, sleet or hail that falls from clouds in the sky

5.8C Earth's Rotation

Rotation A 24-hour period, or, the time it takes the Earth to make one complete rotation on its axis

Axis A line, real or imaginary, around which something spins

Day The time during rotation when the Earth faces the Sun and it is lighted; this rotation gives

the false appearance that the Sun travels from east to west across the skyNight The time during its rotation when the Earth faces away from the Sun and it is dark; this

rotation gives the false appearance that stars move across the skyCompass Instrument that uses a small magnet to show which direction is North (N)

Sundial Instrument that measures the time of day by using the position of the Sun

Shadow A dark area caused when an object blocks light falling on a surface

5.8D Earth, Sun, and Moon

Moon A natural satellite that orbits a planet. Some planets have no moons; others have over 60

moons.Orbit The path one object takes as it revolves around another object in space

Craters Bowl-shaped indents or cavities on the surface of a planet, moon, or asteroid that are

caused by a collision with another object, such as a meteoriteMass The amount of matter in an object

Weight The heaviness of an object;

force of gravity on mass = weight Gravity A natural force that causes two objects to pull toward each other depending on their mass

and the distance between themSun The star at the center of the Solar System that supplies heat and light to Earth; its

enormous gravity keeps the solar system in orbitEarth A planet in the Solar System that has life on it

Surface The outermost covering or layer

Celsius A temperature scale that sets the freezing point of water at 0º and the boiling point at

100º

5.9A Ecosystem Interactions

Ecosystem A community of living and nonliving things in their natural environment

Living Element Part of an ecosystem that requires energy to survive has basic needs that must be met

Nonliving Element Part of an ecosystem that does not require energy to survive and does not have basic needs

like food and waterOrganism A living thing

Adaptation An inherited trait or learned behavior that helps an organism survive in its surroundings

Producer An organism that used sunlight to make its own food for energy

Consumer An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms

Carnivore Animal that gets its energy by eating only other animals

Herbivore An animal that gets its energy by eating only plants

Omnivore Animal that gets its energy by both plants and other animals

Decomposer An organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, nonliving materials, or waste

5.9B Energy Flow in an Ecosystem

Producer An organism that used sunlight to make its own food for energy

Consumer An organism that gets energy from eating other organisms

Decomposer An organism that gets energy from eating dead organisms, nonliving materials, or waste

Energy What is needed to do work or cause change

Sun A typical star that is source of light and heat for plants in the solar system

Food Chain The path of food energy from one organism to another in an ecosystem

Food Web A connection of food chains with many food energy paths in an ecosystem

Predator An amimal that hunts and feeds on another organism

Nocturnal Active at night

5.9C Environmental Changes

Change To become or make different

Environment The living and nonliving things around an organism

Organism A living thing

Impact Direct effect or change on

Carrying Capacity The population size an environment and feed and support

Population All the living things that belong that belong to the same group and live in the same area

5.9D Carbon Dioxide & Oxygen Cycle

Carbon Cycle The movement of carbon on Earth by the processes of respiration and photosynthesis

Oxygen A gas produced by plants during photosynthesis that animals use for respiration

Carbon Dioxide A gas produced by animals during respiration that plants use to make food, water, and

oxygenRespiration A process by which animals use oxygen and food to make energy and carbon dioxide

Elodea An aquatic plant

Bubble Gas or air in a liquid

5.10A Adaptations

Species A group of organisms with similar characteristics that allow them to reproduce

Reproduction The act of making something new

Adapation A characteristic that helps a plant or animal survive

Survive Stay alive or stay with

Niche A role an organism plays in its environment

Camouflage Characteristics that blend in with the surrounding environment that increase chances of

survivalMimicry The resemblance of an organism to another organism or to its surroundings that gives it a

better chance of survivalMigration The seasonal movement of animals from one place to another

Hibernation When an animal becomes still in an enclosed space and reduces bodily functions to save

energyPredator An amimal that hunts and feeds on another organism

Prey An animal that is hunted as food

Habitat A place or environment in which an organism naturally lives

5.10B Inherited Traits and Learned Behaviors

Organism A living thing

Inherited Trait A characterisitic that is passed from parents to offspring during reproduction

Learned Behavior Animal behavior that develops from observation or instruction rather than being passed

down by heredityOffspring New organisms that have come from parents that have reproduced

Trait Characteristic of an organism

Heredity Passing of traits from parents to offspring during reproduction

5.10C Metamorphosis

Egg The first stage in the life cycle of many organisms including birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish,

and insectsLarva The stage of Complete Metamorphosis during which the organism resembles a worm

Pupa The stage of Complete Metamorphosis during which the organism seems to be at rest and

new body parts are formingAdult A fully grown organism that can reproduce

Nymph The stage of Incomplete Metamorphosis during which an insect eats and grows, and

resembles a smaller version of the adultLife Cycle The stages in an organism's life from birth to death

Complete

Metamorphosis

The type of development consisting of four distinct stages-- egg, larva, pupa, and adult

Incomplete

Metamorphosis

The type of development consisting of three stages-- eggs, nymph, and adult

Stage Specific time during life or growth