5 Why’s Technique and Cause and Effect Analysis

UWU/EAG/13/00UWU/EAG/13/0035

5 Why’s Technique History•Invented in the 1930’s by Toyota Founder Kiichiro Toyoda’s father Sakichi and made popular in the 1970s•by the Toyota Production System, the 5 Whys strategy involves looking at any problem and asking,

“Why?” and “What caused this problem?”

5 Why’s Technique

Definition• By asking the question "Why" you can separate the symptoms from the causes of a problem•Using the technique effectively will define the root cause and defining effective long term corrective actions

5 Why’s Technique

Why?

Why?

Why?

Why?

Why? Root Cause

5 Why’s TechniqueProcess of 5 Why

1. Write Down the Specific Problem2. Ask WHY the Problem happened and write down the Answer3. If the Answer is not the Root Cause, Ask WHY the Answer

happened and write down the new Answer4. Repeat Step 3 until the team agrees that the Root Cause has been

identified

◦ - May take more or less than 5 Whys◦ - Keep asking until you can no longer answer

5 Why’s TechniquePROBLEM STATEMENT: Pizza Delivered Cold

5 Why’s Technique Advantages of 5 why’s Technique 1.Simplicity: It is easy to use and requires no advanced mathematics or tools(simple tool)

2. Effectiveness: It truly helps to quickly separate symptoms from causes and identify the root cause of a problem(quick)3. Comprehensiveness: It aids in determining the relationships between various problem causes

5 Why’s TechniqueAdvantages of 5 why’s Technique ( Cont.)4. Flexibility: It works well alone and when combined with other quality improvement and troubleshooting techniques 6. Inexpensive: It is a guided, team focused exercise, There are no additional costs(team approach)

7. Easy to learn and Easy to use

5 Why’s Technique Disadvantages of 5 Whys Analysis•it is essentially a very simple tool •may not be suitable for complex problems • be confused with an in depth analytical tool • the more complicated a situation that 5 Whys Analysis will lead you the wrong way

Cause & Effect Analysis

Outline Introduction

Steps in Cause & Effect Analysis

Example

Advantages & Disadvantages

Introduction Cause & Effect Analysis

Founder : Professor Kaoru Ishikawa(1960s) Use to Identify Likely Causes of Problems Diagram-based technique Combines Brainstorming with Mind Mapping Originally developed as a quality control tool

Can use for, -Discover the root cause of a problem -Uncover bottlenecks in processes -Identify where and why a process isn't working

Known as,

Cause and Effect Diagrams

Fishbone Diagrams

Ishikawa Diagrams

Herringbone Diagrams

Fishikawa Diagrams

Steps in Cause & Effect Analysis

There are four steps to using the tool

1.Identify the problem

2.Work out the major factors involved

3.Identify possible causes

4. Analyze your diagram

Example Step 1: Identify the Problem Example:

Owner of a coffee shop identifies coffee made by his shop are not tasty

Bad Coffee

Step 2: Work Out the Major Factors Involved

Example: The owner identifies the following factors, and adds these to his diagram:

-People

-Procedures

-Material

-Equipment

People Procedures

Material Equipment

Bad Coffee

Step 3: Identify Possible Causes Example: For each of the factors he identified in step 2, the owner brainstorms possible causes of the problem, and adds these to his diagram

People Procedures

Material Equipment

Bad Coffee

No Training Wrong Fee

Too much coffee

Too much water

Too many grounds

Bad Cream

Bad Sugar Dirty Cups

Coffee not hot enough

Wrong size filter

Packet is wetOutdated

Warmer not working

No Training

Step 4: Analyze Your Diagram Example: The owner analyze his diagram & identify the solutions for the problem

- Giving training to workers

- Repairing & buying equipments

- Buying quality ingredients

- Paying relevant salaries for workers

Advantages & Disadvantages Advantages

• Helps to formulate theories about possible cause & effect relationships

• Shows subordinate relationships• Provides basis for experimental plan or data collection plan

• Shows areas of weakness• Easy to implement• Avoids overlooking any possible root causes

Disadvantages

• Main categories must be known in advanced• If category is left out, it limit the thinking• Many ideas & subcategories makes diagram complex• Sometimes difficult to determine subordinate relationships• Does not evaluate relative importance of ideas• Diagram can not substitute for numerical data

Thank you………!