#5 how did nationalism lead to a united italy?. congress of vienna--1815 italy had been divided up...
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#5 How did nationalism lead to a united Italy?
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Congress of Vienna--1815
• Italy had been divided up
• Controlled by ruling families of Austria, France & Spain
• Secretive group of revolutionaries formed in S. Italy – inspired by French Rev.
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1848
• Nationalistic feelings were intensifying– throughout the 8 Italian city-states
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• Revolts were led by Giuseppe Mazzini – returned from exile
• Leader of the “Young Italy” movement – dedicated to securing “for Italy Unity, Independence & Liberty”
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These Revolts Failed• Looked to Kingdom of
Sardinia to rule a unified Italy – agreed they would rather have a unified Italy with a monarch than a lot of foreign powers ruling over separate states
• “Risorgimento”
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Count Cavour & King Victor Emmanuel II
• Wanted to unify Italy – make Piedmont-Sardinia the model for unification
• Began public works, building projects, political reform
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• Next step -- get Austria out of the Italian Peninsula
• Outbreak of Crimean War -- France & Britain on one side, Russia on the other
• Piedmont-Sardinia saw a chance to earn some respect and make a name for itself
• They were victorious and Sardinia was able to attend the peace conference. As a result of this, Piedmont-Sardinia gained the support of Napoleon III.
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Giuseppe Garibaldi• Italian Nationalist
• Invaded S. Italy with his followers, the Red Shirts
• Also supported King Victor Emmanuel – Piedmont Sardinia was only nation capable of defeating Austria
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• Aided by Sardinia – Cavour gave firearms to Garibaldi
• Guerrilla warfare (hit & run tactics)
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Unified Italy• Constitutional
monarchy was established– Under King Victor
Emmanuel
• Rome – new capital
• Pope went into “exile”
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Garibaldi And Victor Emmanuel "Right Leg in the Boot at Last"
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Problems of Unification• Inexperience in self-
government
• Tradition of regional independence
• Large part of population was illiterate
• Lots of debt
• Had to build an infrastructure
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• Severe economic & cultural divisions
• (S – poor, N – more industrialized)
• Centralized state, but weak
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Independence
• Lots of people left for the U.S. during this time
• Unified ~1870
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