4g technology 1

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A Paper On

4G TECHNOLOGY

Authors:

1.C.Surendranatha reddy

II nd B.TECH,IT

2.R.Sudheer kumar reddy

II nd B.TECH,CSE

G.Pulla Reddy Engineering College,Kurnool

Email:[email protected]

Ph.no:7893097525



ABSTRACT:

4G Technology and its predecessors

3G, 2G and 1G are all from the same

family of cellular communication

standards, which are verified by the

ITU. The ITU i.e. International

Telecommunications Union is

established by the United Nation,

which administers all the

telecommunications matters all overthe world. Theearlier technologys like

2g ang 3g didn’t able to cope up with

the current technologies 3G and the

latest 4G. The earlier telephone

systems, which were the original

ones, are now called 1G. In the year

1991, 2G started to replace the old

1G and was first launched in Finland.The network system of 2G was way

more than the 1G, had better radio

communication and 2G networks

were digital.

INTRODUCTION

3G

After 2G, came the more efficient

technology 3G, it established its roots

in late 2000, while ITU agreed to the

3G standards in 1999. The Third

Generation technology now can

easily be found all over the world on

nearly all standard radio technologies

such as CDMA and the GSM. The first

cellular network provider that set up

the 3G grid in the year 2003, is

Verizon. 3G technology provides up

to 2 mpbs data transfer rate at fixed

spots (when user is stationary) and

minimum 384 kbps when the user is

moving. Today almost all the well-

known carriers of US provide 3G

service and now there are lots of

gadgets available in the market with

3G capability.

4G

4G technology, the FourthGeneration Technology, is the very

latest and ultra fast technology and it

is getting more attention day by day

even though this technology is still at

its initial stages. 4G technology aims

to provide fastest speed to all the

users, to the users of mobile or

smartphones it intends to provide data

transfer rate up to 100 mbps while for

its stationary users, it aims to the

highest speed of 1 Gbps.



WiMAX and LTE

These are two 4G cellular broadband

networks. The WiMAX providesspeed up to 128mbps of downloading

and for uploading it provides

56mbps, whereas LTE showed in an

early implementation speed up to

100mbps downloading and 50 mbps

uploading. ITU considers the LTE

(Long-Term Evolution) as a standard

technology because LTE aims to

exceed the specifications of ITU.

While WiMAX on the other hand is an

IEEE standard, also ITU doesn’t

considered WiMAX a true 4G

technology because it is not upto the

specifications that ITU putforth.

A descendant to 2G and 3G aiming toprovide the very high data transfer

rates. This technology can provide

very speedy wireless internet access

to not only stationary users but also to

the mobile users. This technology is

expected to trounce the deficiencies of

3G technology in terms of speed and

quality. 4G can be best described inone word “MAGIC”, which stands for

Mobile multimedia Anytime

Anywhere Global mobility support,

integrated wireless and personalized

services.

http://www.wifinotes.com/3g-3rd-generation.html






4G - > Difference between 3G and 4G:

Major requirement

driving architecture

3G

(Including 2.5G, Sub3G)

4G

Predominantly voice driven;

data was always add on

Converged data and voice

over IP

Network Architecture Wide area cell-based Hybrid: Integration of

wireless LAN

(WiFi,

Bluetooth) and wide area

Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps 20 to 100 Mbps in mobile

mode

Frequency Band Dependent on country or

continent (1800‐2400 MHz)

Higher frequency bands (2-

8 GHz)

Bandwidth 5-20 MHz 100 MHz (or more)

Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet All digital with packetized

voice

Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge OFDM and MC-CDMA

(Multi Carrier CDMA)

Forward Error Correction Convolutional rate 1/2, 1/3 Concatenated coding schem

Component Design Optimized antenna design,

multi-band adapters

Smarter Antennas, software

multiband and wideband

radiosIP A number of air link protocols,

including IP 5.0

All IP (IPv6)



3G

After 2G, came the more efficient

technology 3G, it established its

roots in late 2000, while ITU agreed

to the 3G standards in 1999. The

Third Generation technology now can

easily be found all over the world

on nearly all standard radio

technologies such as CDMA and theGSM.

The first cellular network provider

that set up the 3G grid in the

year 2003, is Verizon. 3G technology

provides up to 2 mpbs data transfer

rate at fixed spots (when user is

stationary) and minimum 384

kbps when the user is moving. Today

almost all the well-known carriers

of US provide 3G service and now

there are lots of gadgets available

in the market with 3G capability.

4G4G technology, the Fourth

Generation Technology, is the very

latestand ultra fast technology and it is

getting more attention day by day

even though this technology is still at

its initial stages. 4G

technology aims to provide fastest

speed to all the users, to the

users of mobile or smartphones it

intends to provide data transfer

rate up to 100 mbps while for its

stationary users, it aims to the

highest speed of 1 Gbps. Truth about

4G technologies: In 2007 4G

technology was given its first major

break by NTT Docomo, a Japanese

company. Since the 3G technology

was launched in 2001, it was

designed with limited features. But it

is considered that 4G technology is

about to introduce a new dimension

to data transmission along with

transmitting rate of 5 gigabytes persecond.

Performance Delivered: Talking

about the performance, both

technologies offer contradictory

networks for transferring of data. In

comparison with 4G, the 3G provides

14 Mbit/second of download speed

and 5.8 Mbit/second for uploading.However, in case of 4g the speed

scales up to 100Mbit/ second, which

is fairly high.



Salient Features: Since 4G

technology is considered to be

extension of 3G technology andhence, they are technically more

specified as 3.9G technology. The

main feature of 3.9G is that it depends

on spatial multiplexing, which is

basically an antenna system, used by

International Telecommunication

Union (ITU), deployed for

transmitting and receiving of data.Earlier in 3G there was smart antenna

used, but 4G uses number of these

antennas for speeding and facilitation

of the data transfer process.

http://discusstech.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/3G-4G-Difference-Table.png



Though, the differences between both

the technologies are quite evident, but

still ITU is taking time in designing

the standards for 4G. The reasons are

not yet brought into limelight, but it is

presumed that they are certain other

technical barrier that are acting as a

challenge and are giving a tough fight

to the entire telecom sector.

3G vs 4G SPEEDS:

A 3G network is built for

voice and Internet whereas a 4G

network is built solely for Internet

access. A 4G network allows you to

perform Internet-related tasks like

Web surfing and downloading music

much more quickly. According to a

June 2011 article on the Huffington

Post website, a 4G network enables

data speeds up to 10 times faster

than a 3G network. However, even

when a 4G networks are

available,voice calls are though

routed through 3G network.

COST

As 4G networks become the

standard, customers are likely to see

an increase in their bills. Similar to

voice minutes, most cellphone plans

that include data capabilities offer a

set number of gigabytes. When

customers go over their data plan

allowance, they are charged extra

just as they would if they go over

their voice minutes. A 4G network

may lead to greater data

consumption, leading customers to

purchase more expensive plans with

more gigabytes or to pay overage

charges.

WHAT IS SRPINT 4G?

Cellular towers provide Sprint 4G

network access in many areas acrossthe U.S.

Sprint 4G is the company's use of the

fourth-generation of technology for

mobile broadband communication.

As the successor to 3G, it is the data

network that is used for cellular

phone and mobile Internet traffic by

Sprint customers. Sprint's 4G networkuses Worldwide Interoperability for

Microwave Access, or WiMAX

technology and supports a verity of

devices.



1.4G

standard developed by the

International Telecommunications

Union that is governed by the United

Nations. This standard ensures the

same compatibility and uniformity

that preceded it with 1G, 2G and 3G

technology The fourth generation of

mobile communication specifications,

4G, is the worldwide. Each generation

of standards has offered increased

speed and overall capability of the

electronic divices that utilize these

net works world wide.

SPRINT:

Sprint uses the IP-based WiMax

technology as the basis for its 4Gnetwork. Its purpose is to provide Wi-

Fi data transmission with the

coverage of cellular networks. A

single, fixed WiMax station can

provide coverage for up to 30 miles.

As of April 2011, Sprint has expanded

its 4G network into many major

metropolitan areas, allowing accessto 40 million consumers. Additional

expansion is on the horizon as

devices that support the thechnology

become common place.

Devices:

Cellular phones are the main type of

electronics associated with 4G

technology. With the expanding

smartphone market, Sprint's 4G

network allows for data transmission

at speeds that dwarf that of their 3G

counterparts. The first smartphone

compatible with Sprint's 4G networkwas the HTC Evo 4G, released in June

2010. Other devices that run on

Sprint's 4G network include tablets,

notebookPCs,wireless routed and

mobile hotspots.

Internet:

While 3G mobile Internet is offered,

the speeds have always paled in

comparison to free public Wi-Fi. With

Sprint's 4G network, users are

capable of receiving average

download speeds of 3 to 6 Mbps,

with peak speeds of 10 Mbps or

more. On the other hand, 3G

networks average download speeds

of 600 Kbps to 1.4 Mbps. Customers

can purchase a 4G wireless adapter

that allows them to take



their computer on the go and still

retain access to their Sprint service.

Where 4G access is unattainable, the

older 3G technology will be used as

an alternative. While many cell phone

companies and other wireless

Internet service providers impose

limits on data transmission, Sprint's

4G Internet service allows for

unlimited 4G data transfer.

Advantages:

*higher band width

*better respond time

*Better repsonstime. 10 times better

then 3G

*Works at 2.6GHz frequency wich

means better coverage even though it

uses the same tower where the

receiver and transmitter for 3G is.*Less time to buid 4G because it use

the same tower and fibercables as 3Gs

- they only have to upgrade the

towers with 4G components.

Does 4G Internet Have Any

Disadvantages?

In short, the answer to this question

is, "No!". 4G technology is faster,

smarter, and more accessible than 3G

technology. Just as the second

generation networks advanced the

technology by turning from analog to

digital signals and the 3G networks

advanced the speed and usability of

second generation technology by as

much, 4G Internet and

communication technology is a huge,

fundamental leap forward.

But wait, there might be a

disadvantage for some who wish to

use 4G Internet as part of their

everyday lives. It isn't yet available

just anywhere. Just as 3G



technology started in major cities and

to creep out into the suburbs and

countryside slowly, 4G technology is

currently found mainly in highly

populated areas. If you're interested

in this technology and want to use it

for traveling, you might find that you

can't take it as many places as you

would like, as of yet. You'll simply run

out of signal before you get where

you are going.

This, though, isn't an insurmountable

problem. Various companies that

offer 4G technology upgrades also

offer solutions to this problem. Some

of them simply put right up front that

their technology won't be able to

travel everywhere with you yet if you

know that only you can get the

connectivity on the go in your

hometown, then you won't be quite

so upset when your wireless internet

doesn’t work on the road.

However, for some mobile Internet

users, not having a connection on the

road is simply not an option. Are

these users to give up on 4G

technology for a few more years until

it is widespred?not necessarily.

Actually, many companies are using

the fact that 3G technology is very

easy to come by these days to their

advantage. Basically, when you sign

up for a 4G plan from one of these

companies, you'll actually get both

4G and 3G. Your connection will stay

on the faster network with more

bandwidth until you get out of range

of the signal ,when that happen it

will automatically switch over 3G

network. Your Internet

connection on the older network

won't be as powerful or as fast, but it

will certainly allow you to travelfurther and still have a connection.

Before you purchase 4G wireless

Internet, see if this type of

technology is available. It might just

save you from having to find a Wi-Fi

spot every time you travel outside of

your home.

Clear 4G Wimax provides simple and

affordable plans for home internet,

mobile internet and ViOP. 4G goes

wherever you want.

http://www.getclearwirelessinternet.com/





Conclusion:

*High Speed, Capacity, low cost

per bit .

*Single worldwide cellular network.

4G Technology: References

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Ultra Mobile Broadband

(UMB)

http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~jain/refs/4g_refs.htm#lte


http://www.cs.wustl.edu/~jain/refs/4g_refs.htm#umb








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