A SEMINAR TOPIC ON 4G TECHNOLOGY

Presented By:

VIKASH KUMAR12206125 M-Tech, 2nd Year (C&I)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTIONWHAT IS 4G ?EVOLUTION OF 4G3G Vs 4GSYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4G• System standards• Multiplexing and access schemes• IPv6 SUPPORT•Advanced antenna systems•Software-defined radio (SDR)APPLICATIONSREFERENCES

4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communication technology standards.

It is a successor to the third generation (3G) standards.

A 4G system provides mobile “ Ultra Broadband speed” – to be counted in gigabytes per second.

This technology is currently available in some countries but it is still being perfected.

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS 4G ?In March 2008, the International Telecommunications Union-Radio communications sector (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements for 4G standards, named the IMT-Advanced.

Set peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Mbit/s for high mobility communication and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility communication.

The peak bit rate is further improved by smart antenna arrays for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications.

A 4G system does not support traditional circuit switched telephony service, but all-Internet Protocol (IP) based communication such as IP telephony.

EVOLUTION OF 4G

In April 2006, KT started the world's first commercial mobile WiMAX service in Seoul, South Korea.

In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo tested a 4G communication system prototype with 4×4 MIMO at 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary.

In Dec 2009, The first commercial LTE deployment was by TeliaSonera & NetCom. The modem devices on offer were manufactured by Samsung, and the network infrastructure created by Huawei & Ericsson.

On 10 April 2012, Bharti Airtel launched 4G LTE in Kolkata, first in India.

3G Vs 4GTECHNOLOGY 3G 4G

Developed 2001 2010

Services voice quality & always on Broadband Data

data & voice over IP, LTE

Standard IMT-2000 (UMTS,WCDMA, CDMA2000)

Single Standard based on LTEAdvanced

Architecture Circuit & Packet Switched Packet Switched

Multiplexing CDMA OFDM+ MIMO, W-OFDM,MC-CDMA

CoreNetwork

PSTN & Some IP Networks Completely IP based

Data Rates 384 Kbits/sto 3.1 M bits/s

100 M bps to 1G bps

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4Ga) System standards LTE Advanced WiMAX 2

b) Multiplexing and access schemesOFDM+ MIMO, W–OFDM, MC-CDMA

c) IPv6 SUPPORT

d) Advanced antenna systemsMultiple antenna technologies are used to achieve high rate, high reliability and long communication range.

e) Software-defined radio (SDR)Standards constituted by a 4G device can be realized using SDR.

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4Ga) System standards LTE

•Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a radio platform technology that will allow operators to achieve even higher peak throughputs than HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth.

•LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) on the downlink, which is well suited to achieve high peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth.

7TH MOBILE COMM STANDARD

LTE capabilities include:

•Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

•Uplink peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

•Operation in both TDD and FDD modes

•Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz in the study phase

•Reduced latency, up to 10 milliseconds (ms) round-trip times between user equipment and the base station, and to less than 100 ms transition times from inactive to active

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4Ga) System standards WiMAX 2

• WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. WiMAX 2 also called Wireless MAN-Advanced has become the first true 4G technology to be approved by the IEEE and ITU.

• This technology supports MIMO, femto cells, self-organizing networks & relays, and multicarrier operation. It supports both 120Mbps downlink and 60Mbps uplink speeds

•The unique and excellent infrastructure of WiMAX is offering Ultra-Wideband and providing range from 2 to 10 GHz and outstanding time response.

Shows Mobility & Coverage v/s Data Rates of different Technologies

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4Gb) Multiplexing and access schemes OFDM

•Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme that uses a digital multi-carrier modulation method.

•OFDM uses the spectrum more efficiently by making all the sub-carriers orthogonal to one another, using fast Fourier transform (FFT) to prevent interference between the closely spaced sub-carriers.

•In OFDM, the guard band is reduced by the orthogonal packing of the subcarriers, improving the spectral efficiency .

OFDM….

•Since each carrier in an OFDM signal has a very narrow bandwidth (i.e. few kHz), the resulting symbol rate is low.

•Due to the orthogonal nature of the modulation, these multiple sub-carriers overlap in the frequency domain, but do not cause Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI).

•In OFDM, the guard band is reduced by the orthogonal packing of the subcarriers, improving the spectral efficiency.

OFDM model

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4Gc) IPv6 SUPPORT

The IP address is based on IPv6

IPv4 X.X.X.X (32 bits) Example: 216.37.129.9 IPv6 X.X.X.X.X.X (128 bits)

Example:216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 ,65.198.2.10 192.168.5.120

Home care of mobile Local networkAddress address IP address address

•Needs for security and manageability

•4G system uses the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to locate devices. •There is room for approximately 3.40 * 1038 unique addresses.

•There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique address.

•Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks

c) IPv6 SUPPORT…

IP Based Core Network

d) Advanced antenna systems

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4G

•Smart antennas (MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signature such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use it to calculate beam forming vectors, to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target.

Transmitter with multiple antennas

Smart antennas Types

• It offers significant increases in data throughput and link range without additional bandwidth or increased transmit power.

• It achieves this goal by spreading the same total transmit power over the antennas to achieve an array gain that improves the spectral efficiency and to achieve a diversity gain that improves the link reliability.

Example of advanced antenna:

1. Switched Beam Antenna

2. Adaptive Array Antennas

d) Advanced antenna systems…..

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4Ge) Software-defined radio (SDR)

Due to the constant evolution of mobile communication systems (2G, 3G, and 4G), the wireless industry is facing problems in global roaming to provide different services to the mobile subscribers. SDR technology promises to solve these problems by implementing the radio functionality as software modules running on a generic hardware platform.

•The main purpose of SDR is to make a user terminal operate in different kinds of wireless networks, overcoming power, cost, size, and compatibility limitations.

•Flexibility and reconfigurability•Interoperability•Connectivity

Block Diagram of a Generic Software Defined Radio

APPLICATIONS

mobile web access IP telephonygaming serviceshigh-definition mobile TVvideo conferencing3D televisioncloud computing

• http://www.4gamericas.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&sectionid=249

• http://freewimaxinfo.com/wimax-technology.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/• 4G Evolution and Multiplexing Techniques with solution to

implementation challenges (2012 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discover) by M.Kaleem Iqbal.

• 4G: The Future Mobile Technology by Mohsin Jamil l, Shahan Parwaiz, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.

REFERENCES

THANK YOU