4.8 john fallons
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It is time to invest in Permanent Supportive
Housing for those Leaving Corrections
John FallonProgram Manager- Re-Entry
Corporation for Supportive HousingJuly 13, 2011
www.csh.org
CSH Impact: People and Communities
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Corporation for Supportive Housing
CSH is a national non-profit organization that helps
communities create permanent housing with
services to prevent and end homelessness.
CSH advances its mission through advocacy,
expertise, innovation, lending, and grantmaking.
The Corporation for Supportive Housing’s
Returning Home Initiative
An initiative to integrate systems and end the cycle of incarceration
and homelessness.
Ending Homelessness and Unnecessary Institutionalization
People from corrections on the street are often a hidden problem. Housing and homeless providers often
underestimate the prevalence.
As part of the 100,000 person campaign, Chicago identified the most vulnerable people based on a
vulnerability scale to identify who was most at risk of dying on the street. Of the people identified, 70% had a history of
jail detention and 36% had a history of prison incarceration.
We do not prepare people. Systems do not work together.
We need a change
Central Premise of Returning Home
Thousands of people with chronic health conditions cycle in and out of incarceration and homelessness, and they
are ill-served by these crisis systems at great public expense and with limited positive human outcomes.
Placing these people in supportive housing will improve life outcomes for the tenants, more efficiently utilize public resources, and likely create cost avoidance in
crisis systems like corrections and shelter.
AND……….
Central Premise of Returning Home
Supportive housing plays a critical role in comprehensive re-entry and/or diversion efforts as a proven intervention for people being diverted from jail or exiting incarceration
with high needs and histories of homelessness.
Central Premise of Returning Home
1. According to a study of Denver’s Road Home Housing First effort, people placed into supportive housing had a 76% reduction in days spent incarcerated. Significant reductions were also reported in emergency room visits, detox, psychiatric care, and shelter use.
2. A study of supportive housing in the State of Maine found a 62% reduction in incarceration for people placed into supportive housing.
Supportive Housing Works
3. In Seattle, studies of supportive housing at 1811 Eastlake demonstrate:– 52% reduction in jail bookings– 45% reductions in days spent in jail
4. After six months of New York City’s supportive housing reentry program:– 89% of tenants remained stably housed.– 100% of tenants avoided return to shelter.– 89% of tenants avoided return to jail.
Supportive Housing Works
1. Data Matching and Analysis
2. Inter-agency Collaboration
3. Program Design with Broad Support & Participation
4. New Partnerships -Prison “In-reach” & Community Linkages
Re-entry Supportive Housing: Key Components
5. Investments from Array of Agencies (with philanthropic support)
6. Securing Supportive Housing
1. Development
2. Master Leasing
3. Set-asides
7. Development of Network of Supportive Housing Providers
Re-entry Supportive Housing: Key Components
3 Primary Sites
Chicago / IL, New York, LA / California
Work also in
Kansas, Indiana, Ohio, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Connecticut, Colorado, Washington DC, Oregon, Michigan, Texas, and Arizona
Returning Home Work is occurring in…
Reducing Recidivism = Reducing Crime
“Re-entry supportive housing is essentially a public safety initiative; serving to stabilize people in the community and reduce recidivism.”
- Gordon Bass, Director, Jacksonville,
FL Sheriff’s Office
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Community Planning Grants
CSH Statewide Re-entry Planning Grant Recipients
including one outside the 10 target areas
City of Rockford Human Services Dept.AIDS Foundation of ChicagoDupage PADS, WheatonRita’s Ministry, North AuroraGrand Prairie Services, Tinley ParkCity of Peoria, Workforce Dev. Dept.Transitions Mental Health, Rock IslandDove, Inc., DecaturKankakee County Renewed OpportunityCrosspoint Human Services, Danville Mental Health Center of ChampaignLand of Lincoln Goodwill, SpringfieldChestnut Health Systems, Granite CityPrisoner & Family Ministry – LSSI – Marion
Targeted Services- Frequent UsersThree Pillars, Nine Steps
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Re-entry: Why is CSH Involved?
The Intersection Between Homelessness & Incarceration– Lots of People
PSH works.
Of people exiting incarceration….
Three out of four have a substance abuse problem
More than 10 percent of those coming in and out of jail and prison are homeless in the months prior to incarceration.
An estimated 42% of inmates in state prisons and 49% in local jails were found to have both mental health and substance use issues.
More than one in three jail inmates report some physical or mental disability.
The Link Between Homelessness & Incarceration
What are the Barriers at Release?
No Identification, SSI, Birth Certificate No Medical Funding, Disability Determination No Psych Services- Services or Not Where Person Needs it No Health Care Services except expensive emergency rooms Parole or Probation Rules No Housing, No Affordable Housing No Income Prejudice Because of Record, MI, Substance Use, Homeless, Poor,
Race Family Relationships Damaged Hopelessness, Despair Release Planning Period, Parole- Technical Violations Lack of MISA Programming- Drug Testing
The Link Between Homelessness & Incarceration
A study of releasees from New York State Prison and New York City Jails and found that those who went to shelter were 7x more likely to violate parole as those who were discharged to family or housing.
A study in NYC documented the interrelationships between shelter use and re-incarceration. – 11% entered NYC homeless shelters, of this group, 33% returned to
prison within 2 years
– Survival analysis showed ‘time since release’ and ‘residential instability’ were the most salient risk factors for shelter use
– Shelter use increased the risk of recidivism.
Gladwell (2006) described “Million Dollar Murray” who cost roughly $1 million in public service utilization (jails, detox, emergency rooms)
The “Million Dollar Murray” Phenomenon
Richard is an actual case study from Chicago, Illinois 42 years old and we documented 21 years of homelessness,
incarceration, and hospitalization His entire adult life 3,758 days in a mental health/hospital setting during that time 399 days in jail (This includes only 6 years of available data)
The Cost of Richard Homelessness 3758 State Hospital Days @ $400 a day $1,503,200 399 Jail Days $70 a day $ 27,930 TOTAL $1,531,130 Average Annual Cost for Richard $ 72,910
What Is Permanent Supportive Housing?
It is a part of the solution for corrections.
What Is Supportive Housing?
A cost-effective combination of permanent, affordable housing with services that helps people live more stable, productive lives. Key Elements:
1.) Permanent housing2.) Affordable at 30% - 50% of income3.) Services are flexible tailored, and ideally voluntary. Often incorporate housing first and “low demand” strategies for placement4.) Available to single adults as well as families
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HOUSING – PERMANENT: Not time limited, not
transitional;– AFFORDABLE: For people coming
out of homelessness; and– INDEPENDENT: Tenant holds lease
with normal rights and responsibilities. SERVICES
– FLEXIBLE: Designed to be responsive to tenants’ needs;
– VOLUNTARY: Participation is not a condition of tenancy; and
– INDEPENDENT: Focus of services is on maintaining housing stability.
Housing + Services
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Supportive Housing is NOT:
Treatment
Licensed community care
Transitional – Transition to what? It is finding the person the housing
and the support they need.
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People who: Are homeless Face persistent obstacles to maintaining housing, such
as mental health issues, substance use issues, other chronic medical issues, and other challenges.
Cycle through institutional and emergency systems and are at risk of long-term homelessness
Are being discharged from institutions and systems of care
Without housing, cannot access and make effective use of treatment and supportive services
Who is Supportive Housing For?
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People who: BUT FOR HOUSING cannot access
and make effective use of treatment and supportive services in the community;
and
BUT FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES cannot access and maintain stable housing in the community.
Who is Supportive Housing For?
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Supportive Housing Types
Apartment buildings exclusively housing formerly homeless individuals and/or families.
Rent subsidized apartments leased in open market.
Apartment buildings with mixed income households, including the formerly homeless.
Long-term set aside of units within privately owned buildings.
Services integrated within existing affordable housing developments.
Single family homes, including shared housing environments.
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A realistic approach that can be implemented through a variety of models.
Can be adapted to the unique needs and characteristics of communities.
Has proven its effectiveness--for better health and well-being--for individuals, families and the communities in which they live.
Has demonstrated cost effectiveness.
Why Supportive Housing?
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Housing + Services Make a Difference More than 80% of supportive housing tenants are able to maintain
housing for at least 12 months Most supportive housing tenants engage in services, even when
participation is not a condition of tenancy Use of the most costly (and restrictive) services in homeless, health
care, and criminal justice systems declines Nearly any combination of housing + services is more effective than
services alone “Housing First” models with adequate support services can be
effective for people who don’t meet conventional criteria for “housing readiness”
Consistent Findings of Research
Adaptations for CJ Population
Low case manager-to-client ratio (1:10 – 1:15) Attention to community safety – court and CJ savvy Providers trained in Motivational Interviewing, navigating
criminal justice system, harm reduction, recognizing “symptoms” of incarceration
6 months of intensive outreach and persistence and ongoing long term view of services
Case manager role as “client advocate” and “failure preventer”
Emphasis on reduction of “risky behaviors” Non-judgmental, client-centered counseling Team approach to services delivery
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What Does Reentry Supportive Housing
Look Like?
St. Andrews Court
Located in Chicago, Illinois 42 units of permanent supportive
housing New construction. Serves single male offenders who are
homeless. Partnered with Lakefront Supportive
Housing, an experienced supportive housing developer
Operated by St. Leonard’s Ministries Fannie Mae Maxwell Award Winning
Project Recidivism rates decrease from 50% to
20% for participants in their programs.
Rowan Trees- Chicago, IL
45 units: 6 one-bedroom units that are handicap accessible and 39 efficiency studios
Target- SMI Dual Diagnosis
Service Provider Thresholds
Sanctuary Place
63 SRO Units 6 3-bedroom
townhomes For women who
are formerly incarcerated and have a history of domestic abuse, substance abuse or mental illness
Thanks for your Interest and Attention to this subject.
You can make a difference by making your community– Safer in the long run– Saving money over repeated institutionalization– Improving lives– Doing the right thing
Useful Resources
National Institute for Corrections– ABT- Transition from Prison to Community
US Department of Justice GAINS Center- Technical Institute on Co-Occurring
MISA Disorders- Jails- 800-311-4246www.prainc.com, Hank Steadman
Corporation for Supportive Housing (www.csh.org) SAMHSA- 800-729-6686
– Best Approach to Re-Entry– Continuity of Offender Treatment
Bazelon Center for MH Law- 202-467-5730www.bazelon.org
Useful Resources
American Jail Association / American Correctional Association
Urban Institute- Policy and Profile Papers on Prison Re-entry Issues
Human Rights Watch- www.hrw.org Center for Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Research TAPA Center / National Alliance to End
Homelessness Criminal Justice / Mental Health Consensus Project-
www.consensusproject.org
For more information, contact:
John Fallon
Program Manager, Re-Entry
“Returning Home Initiative”
Corporation for Supportive Housing
203 N. Wabash, Suite 410
Chicago, IL 60601
T 312.332.6690 x21
C 773.719.4601