421 MDS Course

Course Director: Dr Asmaa Faden

http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/Asmaa

FadenCourse

Contributors:Prof. A AlDosariDr M AlShawaf

Dr A AlMobereekDr Sally ElHaddad

Dental Diagnostic Skills

Diagnostic Method

•Is to distinguish, to identify a disease by an investigation of the signs & symptoms.

Diagnose

•Is the process of evaluating the patient’s health, as well as the resulting opinions formulated by the clinician

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Method

Diagnosis means `through knowledge` and entails acquisition of data about the patient and their

complaints using the senses:

Observing

Hearing

Touching Smellingsometimes

Diagnostic MethodThe purpose of diagnosis is to be

able to offer the most:

* Effective and safe treatment

* Accurate prognostication

Diagnostic Method• Is the ART of using scientific knowledge to

identify oral disease process & to distinguish one disease from another.

Oral Diagnosis

• Is concerned with diagnosis & treatment, consultation, referral & other phases of patient management.

• It deals especially with the relation between oral & systemic diseases.

Oral Medicine

Types of Diagnosis1- Clinical Diagnosis

2- Pathological Diagnosis 3- Direct Diagnosis

4-Provisional (Working ) Diagnosis

5- Deductive Diagnosis

6- Differential Diagnosis

7- Diagnosis by exclusion

8- Diagnosis ex-juvantibus

9- Provocative Diagnosis

Types of Diagnosis• History & Clinical ExaminationClinical Diagnosis

Pathological Diagnosis

Direct Diagnosis

Pathology results

Types of Diagnosis• Initial diagnosis from which further

investigation can be planned.Provisional Diagnosis

Deductive Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis

* After consideration of all facts from History,

examination and investigation.

Types of Diagnosis• Identification of a disease by excluding all

other possible cause.Diagnosis

By Exclusion

Diagnosis ex-juvantibus

Provocative Diagnosis

* made on the results of response

to treatment.

Diagnostic Method

Accurate diagnosis depends on systematic approach to unique diagnostic change posed by every patient.

The most effective approach is by applying scientific method to clinical decisions.

Diagnostic Method

Diagnostic Method

Diagnostic MethodDiagnosis is made by the clinical examination, which

comprise the:

History, this offers the diagnosis in

about 80% of casesPhysical

examinationInvestigations

Sometimes

Types of Clinical Examinations

1- Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis 2- Re-call Diagnosis

3- Diagnosis of specific problem (SOAP)

4- Emergency Diagnosis

5- Screening Diagnosis

- It provides the diagnostic approach needed to compare the diagnostic finding exhibited by the patient with those of several diseases capable of

producing the clinical findings.

Differential Diagnosis

SKILL = The ability to do something well

- A skill is a Process NOT an Aim(Getting the right answer is not the aim)

Diagnostic Skills

Diagnostic SkillsThe skills that the student should

develop fall into two basic categories:

I-Investigative Skills II- Analytical Skills

Diagnostic Skills

a- Interrogatory (Questioning) Skills.b- Descriptive Skills.c- Summative Skills.

I- Investigative Skills: Help to discover and name the problem/s with which the patient present.

Diagnostic Skills

a- Interrogatory (Questioning) Skills.- How to ask the patient questions.

- How to follow up with other questions, until you get the information you need.

I- Investigative Skills:

Diagnostic Skills

b- Descriptive Skills.- Allow to see accurately what you are looking at.

- Notice what is important about what you are seeing.

I- Investigative Skills:

Diagnostic Skills

c- Summative Skills.- Allow to take in a large amount of information

and weed out exactly what you need.- Then, decide what information is missing.

- Also aid in making a brief summary statement of the problem that says what you need to say

and NO more.

I- Investigative Skills:

Diagnostic SkillsThe skills that the student should

develop fall into two basic categories:

I-Investigative Skills II- Analytical Skills

Diagnostic Skills

- Help you to take the large amount of information you gather, compare it to a known

body of information on diseases (causes of problems).

- Then, decide on the most probable cause of the patients’ problem.

II- Analytical Skills:

Diagnostic Skills

- With good analytical skills you will know when you don’t have enough information to make a decision and what you have to do to get the

information you need.- Deciding what to do to treat your patient once

you know what is the cause of the problem.- Help in follow up the treatment and learn from

the results.

II- Analytical Skills:

Diagnostic Skills

- The Goal of learning the Basic Diagnostic Skills is to develop skills with which the student can

discover, analyze, diagnose, treat and follow up patient problem.

Diagnostic Skills

1- Elicit and interpret a patient’s chief complaint.2- Describe and interpret oral soft tissue and hard

tissue lesions in terms of Location, Color and Morphology as they appear on physical

examination and on radiographs.

Objectives:

Diagnostic Skills

3- Synthesize data from the chief complaint, history of the present illness, physical

examination, medical and dental histories and other diagnostics tests to derive a pre-hypothesis statement of the patient’s problem and an initial

hypothesis list (Differential Diagnosis) for the patient’s problem.

Objectives:

Diagnostic Skills

4- Critically analyze data from texts and the literature and known information discovered

from a patient to test (rule in OR rule out) elements in the initial hypothesis list (Differential

Diagnosis).

Objectives:

Diagnostic Skills

5- Decide how to determine a final diagnosis from the elements in the final differential diagnosis

list.6- Recommend treatment and follow up for

patients whose problems you have analyzed.

Objectives:

THANK YOU

ANY QUESTION??