4 th cops meeting, hohenheim, 25/9/06 cupido (cumulus photogrammetric, in-situ, and doppler...
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
CuPIDO(Cumulus Photogrammetric, In-situ, and Doppler observations over Orography)
a survey
July-August 2006Catalina Mountains, Arizona
Bart Geerts and Rick Damiani, University of WyomingJoseph Zehnder, Arizona State University
Mike Leuthold and Robert Kursinski, University of ArizonaBill Brown, Tim Lim, Greg Poulos, and Steve Horst, NCAR
Camera animations of cloud development can be found here.For more recent animations, contact Joe Zehnder.
http://prism.asu.edu/clouds/animations.asp
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
Rationale• Cumulus convection
– is the primary mechanism for the vertical transfer of heat, moisture and momentum;
– operates at multiple scales and may transition from shallow to mediocre to deep convection;
– is largely controlled by the environment (stability & shear profile), but also alters it (cold pool development, detrainment aloft);
– in NWP models, cumulus parameterization is poorly coupled with BL parameterization, especially in complex terrain.
• An isolated mountain
– serves as a natural laboratory for the study of cumulus initiation and evolution,
– due to “predictable” anabatic flow.
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
Scientific Objectives
• Describe the initiation of shallow to deep convection and transition
• Broadly speaking, CuPIDO addresses several fronts of atmospheric research:
• fundamental cumulus dynamics• cumulus-environment interaction• surface fluxes and orographic circulations• orographic forcing of cumulus
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
600-800 m
2786 m
20 km
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
size comparisonCOPS „Natural
convection laboratory“
area 270 x 150 km2
Supersite
CuPIDO area 40 x 40 km2
~1000 m from valley to mountain
~2000 m from valley to
mountain
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
facilities
University of Wyoming King Air & Cloud Radar
Arizona State University Digital Cameras(2 stereopairs)
University of Arizona:GPS water vapor
U of A and NCAR & NOAA FSL:WRF modelling
NCAR/EOL 10 ISFF/PAM stations
2 M-GAUS mobile radiosondes
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
Flight summary
Number of flight hours: 60
Number of flights sampling transition from cloud-free to Cu congestus: 8
Number of flights sampling transition to deep convection: 7
Number of flight loops around the mountain, in the convective BL: 50
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
Orographic forcing of boundary layer flow: mass and moisture
convergencePotential Temperature (°K) (aircraft track)
Mixing Ratio (g/kg) (wind barbs)
5 15
300 m AGL
800 m above valley,(643 m below top)
2214 m above valley,(270 m above top)
25 J
uly
2006
, 16:
00-1
6:47
UT
C (
2:44
-3:3
1 hr
s af
ter
sunr
ise)
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
Orographic forcing of boundary layer flow: mass and moisture
convergenceEquivalent Potential
Temperature (°K)
Mixing Ratio (g/kg)5 15
N↑
25 J
uly
2006
, 16:
00-1
6:47
UT
C (
2:44
-3:3
1 hr
s af
ter
sunr
ise)
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
cumulus development
Successive shallow Cu developed, starting at 1735 UTC, and rapidly evolved into congestus two hours later
25 July 2006 1740 UTC 25 July 2006 1935 UTC
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
WCR antenna configurations
Vertical PlaneDual-Doppler
Horizontal Plane Dual-Doppler
Vertical Plane Profiling
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
18 July 2006 16:44:30 – 16:46:30 UTC 18 July 2006 16:48:15 – 16:50:15 UTC
Shallow Cutransects
droplet conctemperature
vertical velocity
density temp
vertical velocityrel. hum.
WCR vertical velocity
WCR reflectivity
wind wind
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
shallow Cuvertical plane dual-Doppler
a section of a turret tilting against the
main wind direction, located 1 km north
of Mt. Lemmon.18 July 2006 18:03:30 – 18:04:20 UTC
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
same cloud, 6 min laterhorizontal-plane dual-Doppler
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4th COPS meeting, Hohenheim, 25/9/06
HPDD
• Vertical vorticity and entrainment patterns
• Divergence (thermal top?)7200m MSL, 18 July 2006 18:09:20 – 18:09:50 UTC