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5/168iiiSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

Ten years ago, at the General Assembly of the United Naons held in New York in September 2000,

Heads of State and representaves from 189 countries adopted the Millennium Declaraon

to confirm the global concern for the welfare of the people of the world. The objecves of the

Declaraon, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), place people as the main focus of

development and arculate a set of interrelated goals as the agenda for development and global

partnership. Each goal has been translated into one or more targets with measurable indicators.

In Indonesia and other developing countries, the MDGs are used as a reference in formulang

policies, strategies, and development programs. The Indonesian government has mainstreamedthe MDGs in all phases of development, from planning and budgeng to implementaon.

This approach has been outlined in the Naonal Long-Term Development Plan 2005-2025, the

Naonal Medium-Term Development Plans, 2005-2009 and 2010-2014, Annual Work Plans and

budget documents. Based on the naonal development strategy that is pro-growth, pro-jobs,

pro-poor, and pro-environment, allocaons of public funding at the central and regional levels

have been increased annually to support the achievement of the MDG targets. In addion,

producve partnerships between the Government, civil society organizaons and the private

sector have made a vital contribuon towards accelerang the achievement of the MDGs.

Aer the economic crisis in 1997/1998 Indonesia implemented a series of reforms in various

fields which provided a strong foundaon for the Indonesian people to return to a period ofhigh and sustainable economic growth. Economic growth and the strengthening of democracy

and social instuons during the past ten years have supported the achievement of the MDGs.

Indonesia has already been successful in achieving several MDG targets. For example, in terms

of poverty reducon, the proporon of the populaon living on less than USD 1 per day

has been reduced from 20.6 percent in 1990 to 5.9 percent in 2008. For several other MDG

targets significant progress has been achieved, and we are confident that other MDG targets

will be realized by 2015. Special aenon will be given to several MDG targets, including the

reducon of maternal mortality and increasing the rao of forest cover so that those targets

can be achieved by 2015.

This year, 2010, is a very important moment for Indonesia to again make a commitment to the

global declaraon on the MDGs. Indonesia will work harder to connue to improve the welfare

and quality of life of the people of Indonesia and to achieve the MDG targets on me. To that

end, the Government of Indonesia has formulated the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of

the MDGs. This Roadmap includes details concerning the present situaon, challenges faced,

as well as naonal development policies and strategies. Various approaches that need to be

implemented to accelerate the achievement of the MDG targets are also idenfied in this

Foreword


6/168iv Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

Roadmap. The informaon presented in this publicaon is expected to contribute to a beer

understanding concerning the challenges faced and the steps that must be taken to achieve all

the MDG targets in Indonesia.

At the sameme, the Government of Indonesia connues to build an environment that allows all

components of society, including civil society organizaons, and the private sector to parcipate

producvely in a community-based, grass-roots movement to benefit all Indonesians. Success

in achieving the MDGs is highly dependent upon good governance, producve partnerships

among all components of society, and implementaon of a comprehensive approach to achieve

an inclusive paern of growth while improving public services and empowering communies

in all regions.

Akhirul kalam, we thank and express gratude to all those who have contributed to the

prepara

on of this Roadmap. We hope that what we have produced will be useful for thenaon.

Prof. Dr. Armida S. Alisjahbana, SE, MA

Minister for Naonal Development Planning/

Head of the Naonal Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS)


7/168vSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

Acknowledgement

The Naonal Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs) in Indonesia from 2010 to 2015 has been prepared by a Team consisng of a Steering

Commiee and a Technical Team / Working Group responsible to the Minister of Naonal

Development Planning / Head of BAPPENAS. The membership of the Team is presented in

Appendix 4 of the Roadmap.

To all members of the Preparaon Team we extend our gratude and thanks for their hard

work and dedicaon which have contributed to the compleon of the Roadmap.

Appreciaon and thanks are specifically extended to:Prof. DR. Nila Moeloek, as the Special Envoy of the President for the MDGs, who has•

guided the formulaon process of this document.

Dr. Ir. Lukita Dinarsyah Tuwo, MA and Dra. Nina Sardjunani, MA who have coordinated•

the preparaon while also maintaining quality assurance for the substance of this

Roadmap.

Dr. Ir. Rr. Endah Murniningtyas, MSc; Dr. Ir. Taufik Hanafi MUP; Dr. Ir. Subandi, MSc; Dr.•

Arum Atmawikarta, SKM, MPH; Dr. Ir. Edi Eff endi Tedjakusuma, MA; Dra. Tu Riya,

MA; Ir. Wahyuningsih Daraja, MSc; Dra. Rahma Iryan, MT; Dr. Rd. Siliwan, MPIA;

Dadang Rizki Ratman, SH, MPA; Ir. Budi Hidayat, M.Eng.Sc; Ir. Wet Hernowo, MA; Ir.

Mony Girianna, MSc, MCP, Ph.D.; Dr. Ir. Sri Yan, MPM, Ir. Adi Wismana Suryabrata,MIA; Ir. Rahmana Yahya Hidayat, MSc; Woro Srihastu Sulistyaningrum, ST, MIDS;

Mahatmi Saronto Parwitasari, ST, MSIE; Ir. Yosi Tresna Diani, MPM; Dr. Ir. Arif Haryana,

MSc; Randy R. Wrihatnolo, MADM; Emmy Soeparmijatun, SH, MPM; Drs. Mohammad

Sjuhdi Rasjid; Dr. Sanjoyo, M. Ec; Fithriyah, SE, MPA, Ph.D.; Benny Azwir, ST, MM;

Imam Subek, MPS, MPH; Sularsono, SP, ME; Ahmad Taufik, S. Kom, MAP; Dr. Hadiat,

MA; Tri Goddess Virgiyan, ST, MEM; Dr. Hygiawa Nur Rahayu, ST, MSc; Ir. Tommy

Hermawan, MA; Ir. Nugroho Tri Utomo, MRPL Hamzah Riza, SE, MA; Erwin Dimas, SE,

DEA, Msi; Maliki, ST, MSIE, PhD; S. Happy Hardjo, M. Ec; Drs. Wynandin Imawan, MSc,

and Dr. Wendy Hartanto, MA who have contributed in providing data, informaon and

preparaon of the manuscript.

Our thanks are also extended to our development partners from the Asian Development Bank

(ADB) and the Australian Agency for Internaonal Development (AusAid), for their support

in the preparaon of this Roadmap, especially to Alan S. Prouty, MSc; Prof. Dr. Ir. H. Hidayat

Syarief, MS; Rooswan Soeharno, dr, MARS; Hjalte S.A. Sederlof, Ph.Lic (Econ.), MSc; and Sapa

Novadiana, and to all others who contributed to the preparaon of this document but that

cannot be menoned individually.


8/168vi Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

May the Roadmap be used by all interested pares both within government and the concerned

stakeholders in eff orts to accelerate the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals

by 2015.

Jakarta, August 2010

Minister for the Naonal Development Planning /

Head of the Naonal Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS)

Prof. Dr. Armida S. Alisjahbana, SE, MA


9/168viiSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

FOREWORD ...................................................................................................................... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ vii

LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF MAPS ................................................................................................................... xi

LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. xi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. xiii

INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 1

SUMMARY BY GOAL ........................................................................................................ 9

OVERVIEW OF STATUS OF MDG TARGETS ....................................................................... 15GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER ................................................. 23

Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proporon

of people whose income is less than USD 1.00 (PPP) a day ........ 25

Target 1B: Achieve full and producve employment and

decent work for all, including women and young people ........... 39

Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proporon

of people who suff er from hunger .............................................. 43

GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION ..................................................... 49

Target 2A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike,

will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling ....... 51

GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN ................................ 59

Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary

educaon, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of educaon

no later than 2015....................................................................... 61

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY RATE ...................................................................... 69

Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015,

the under-five mortality rate ...................................................... 71

GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH ........................................................................... 78

Target 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015,

the Maternal Mortality Rao ....................................................... 79

Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproducve health .......... 79

Table of Contents


10/168viii Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES ....................................... 91

Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of

HIV/AIDS ....................................................................................... 93

Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS

for all those who need it .............................................................. 93

Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence

of Malaria and other major diseases ........................................... 101

GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY ..................................................... 111

Target 7A: Integrang the principles of sustainable development in

naonal policies and programs and reversing the loss of

environmental resources ............................................................. 113

Target 7B: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant

reducon in the rate of loss ......................................................... 120

Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the proporon of people without sustainable

access to safe drinking water and basic sanitaon ...................... 122

Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in

the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers ............................. 129

GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT .................................. 133

Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable,

non-discriminatory trading and financial systems ....................... 136

Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing

countries through naonal and internaonal measures in

order to make debt sustainable in the long term......................... 141

Target 8F: In cooperaon with the private sector, make available the

benefits of new technologies, especially informaon and

communicaons ........................................................................... 144


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Figure 1.1. Progress in reducing extreme poverty (USD1.00/capita/day) as

compared to the MDG target ................................................................. 25

Figure 1.2. Long-term trends in poverty reducon in Indonesia measured using the

indicator for Naonal Poverty Line and the target for 2015 ..................

Figure 1.3. The naonal trend in Indonesia of the Poverty Gap Index,

2002 to 2010 ........................................................................................... 26

Figure 1.4. The percentages of the populaon below the naonal poverty

line by major geographical region of Indonesia (2010) .......................... 27

Figure 1.5. Percentages of populaon below the naonal poverty line by

province of Indonesia, 2010 ................................................................... 27

Figure 1.6. The distribu

on of Indonesia’s poor by urban and rural se

ng(1990-2010) ............................................................................................ 28

Figure 1.7. The growth rate of labor producvity (in percentages) for the

agriculture, industry and the service sector ........................................... 29

Figure 1.8. Employment to Populaon Rao for urban and rural areas and for

the naonal level .................................................................................... 40

Figure 1.9. The proporon of vulnerable workers to total workers, 1990-2009 ...... 41

Figure 1.10. Trend in the prevalence of underweight children under five years

of age (1989-2007) using the WHO 2005 standard and the MDG

Target for this indicator in 2015 .............................................................. 43

Figure 1.11. The prevalence of underweight children under five years of age

by province (2007) .................................................................................. 44Figure 1.12. Trends in the average calorie consumpon for rural and urban

households (2002-2009) ......................................................................... 45

Figure 1.13. Trend in the desirable dietary paern (PPH) score of food

consumpon for rural and urban households, 2002-2007 ..................... 46

Figure 2.1. Trends for Net Enrolment Raos for primary and junior secondary

educaon levels (including Madrasah) ................................................... 52

Figure 2.2. Net Enrolment Rate for primary school including Madrasah

by province, 2009 ................................................................................... 52

Figure 3.1. Gender Parity Index (GPI) of Net Enrolment Rates (NER) senior

secondary schools by province, 2009 ..................................................... 62

Figure 3.2. Average monthly wages (Rp ‘000) of male and female workersin non-agricultural sectors ...................................................................... 63

Figure 4.1. Naonal trend Infant and Child Mortality per 1,000 live births ............. 72

Figure 4.2. Proporon of one-year-old children immunized against measles,

by province 2007 .................................................................................... 73

Figure 5.1. Naonal trends and projecons for the Maternal Mortality Rao

1991-2025............................................................................................... 80

Figure 5.2. Percentage of births assisted by skilled provider, by provinces ,

2009 ........................................................................................................ 80

List of Figures


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Figure 5.3. First and fourth antenatal visits, in Indonesia 1991- 2008 ..................... 81

Figure 5.4. Unmet needs, Indonesia 1991-2007 ...................................................... 82

Figure 6.1. AIDS cases per 100,000 populaon in Indonesia, 1989-2009................. 94

Figure 6.2. Number of AIDS cases in Indonesia, by province, 2009 ......................... 94

Figure 6.3. Distribuon of HIV Infecons, by populaon group, 2009 ..................... 95

Figure 6.4. Cumulave percentage on AIDS cases by age group, 2009 .................... 95

Figure 6.5. Percentage of unmarried women and men age 15-24 who have

ever had sex, who use condom at last sex, according to

background characterisc, 2007............................................................. 96

Figure 6.6. Proporon of men and woemn aged 15-24 with correct of

comprehensive knowledge about AIDS, by back ground characterisc,

Indonesia 2007 ....................................................................................... 97

Figure 6.7. Coverage of ART intervenons in Indonesia, 2006–2009 ....................... 97

Figure 6.8. Annual Parasites Incidence of Malaria, Indonesia 1990-2009 ................ 101Figure 6.9. The Naonal Case Detecon Rate (CDR) and Success Rate (SR)

of TB (%) 1995-2009 ............................................................................... 106

Figure 7.1. The percentage of forest cover of the total land area of Indonesia

from 1990 to 2008 .................................................................................. 113

Figure 7.2. Total energy use of various types for the years 1990-2008

(equivalent to Barrels of Oil (BOE) in millions) ....................................... 114

Figure 7.3. Ozone Depleng Substance Consumpon in Indonesia from 1992

to 2008 ................................................................................................... 114

Figure 7.4. Proporon of households with access to propoer (improved)

drinkingwater, 1993-2009 ....................................................................... 122

Figure 7.5. The proporon of households that have access to improveddrinking water in urban and rural and total according to

the provinces, in 1993-2009 ................................................................... 123

Figure 7.6. The proporon of households that have access to adequate

sanitaon in rural, urban and rural and urban total,

the year 1993-2009 ................................................................................ 123

Figure 7.7. Proporsi households that have access to adequate sanitaon in rural,

urban and total rural and urban, by province, year 2009 ....................... 124

Figure 7.8. The proporon of urban households living in slums, 1993 and 2009 .... 129

Figure 7.9. The proporon of urban slum households by province, 2009 ............... 130

Figure 8.1. The trends for imports, exports, GDP growth and the rao of imports plus

exports to GDP as the MDG indicator for economic openness .............. 137Figure 8.2. Loan to Deposit Rao (LDR in percent) of commercial and rural credit

banks, 2000 - 2009 ................................................................................. 138

Figure 8.3. The trend of foreign debt to GDP and the Debt Service Rao (DSR) during

1996-2009............................................................................................... 141

Figure 8.4. Percentage of populaon in Indonesia owning fixed-line telephones or

cellular telephones during 2004-2009 .................................................... 145

Figure 8.5. Percentage of households owning personal computers and having access to

the internet by province (2009) .............................................................. 146


13/168xiSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

List of Maps

Map 1.1. Percentages of populaon below the naonal poverty line by provinceof Indonesia, 2010 .................................................................................. 28

Map 3.1. The average wages of female workers as percentages of the average

wages of male workers by province in August 2009 ............................... 64

List of Tables

Table 1.1. Annual Implementaon Targets Specified in the Naonal Medium-Term

Development Plan to Reduce Poverty .................................................... 32

Table 1.2. Underweight Prevalence Among Children Under Five Years of Age by

Rural and Urban Areas of Indonesia (2007) ............................................ 44

Table 1.3. Outputs and Targets Specified in the Naonal Medium-Term

Development Plan (RPJMN 2010-2104) ................................................. 48

Table 2.1. Number and Proporon of Teachers by Academic Qualificaons and

School Levels for Indonesia (2009)* ....................................................... 54

Table 2.2. Program Priories, Outputs and Indicators 2010-2014 .......................... 57

Table 3.1. Priority, Output and Performance Indicators in Educaon, Polics,

and Labor, 2010-2014 ............................................................................. 67

Table 4.1. Priories, Outputs, and Targets to Improve the Quality of Child Health

Services, 2010—2014 ............................................................................. 76

Table 5.1. Priories, Outputs, and Targets to Improve the Quality of Maternal and

Reproducve Health Services, 2010-2014 .............................................. 87

Table 5.2. Priories, Outputs, and Targets for Populaon and Family Planning

Programs, 2010-2014............................................................................. 88

Table 6.1. Priories, Outputs and Targets of HIV/AIDS Migaon Program,

2010-2014............................................................................................... 100

Table 6.2. Priories, Outputs and Targets in Malaria Control Program,

2010-2014............................................................................................... 105

Table 6.3. Priories, Outputs and Targets in Reducing Morbidity and Mortality Rate

Related to TB, 2010-2014 ....................................................................... 109

Table 7.1. Annual Implementa

on Targets from the Na

onal Medium-TermDevelopment Plan to Improve Natural Resource Management ............ 116

Table 7.2. Selected Annual Implementaon Targets in the Naonal Medium-Term

Development Plan to Achieve Sustainable Use of Energy Resources ... 119

Table 7.3. Priories, Outputs, and Targets for Improvment of the Access to Drinking

Water and Improved Sanitaon, 2010-2014 .......................................... 128

Table 7.4. Implementaon Targets to Reduce the Proporon of the Populaon

Living in Slums ........................................................................................ 131


14/168xii Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

List of Abbreviations

ACFTA The ASEAN-China Free Trade AgreementACSM Advocacy, Communicaon and Social Mobilizaon

ACT Artemisinin-based combinaon therapy

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADP Annual Development Plan

AEC ASEAN Economic Community

AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area

AIDS Acquired Immuno-defeciency Syndrome

AKFTA The ASEAN Korea Free Trade Agreement

ANC Antenatal Care

APEC The Asia Pacific Economic Cooperaon Forum

APL Areal Penggunaan Lain (areas for other uses)ART Anretroviral Therapy

ASEAN The Associaon of Southeast Asian Naons

BAPPENAS Kementerian Negara Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (The Naonal

Development Planning Agency)

BCC Behavioral Change Communicaon

BCG Bacillus Calmee-Guérin

BEONC Basic Emergency Obstetric-Neonatal Care

BLT Bantuan Langsung Tunai (Direct Cash Assistance Program)

BOE Barrels of Oil Equivalent

BOK Biaya Operasional Kesehatan (subsidy for operaonal cost for health

facilies)

BOS Bantuan Operasional Sekolah (School Operaonal Assistance)

BPK Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan (Supreme Audit Authority)

BPLHD Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup Daerah (Local Environmental

Management Agency)

BPS Badan Pusat Sta s k (Central Bureau of Stascs)

BSM Beasiswa Miskin (Scholarship for Poor Children)

BSNP Board of Naonal Educaon Standards

BWA Broadband Wireless Access

CAIRNS Coalion of Agricultural Exporng Naons Lobbying for Agricultural Trade

Liberalizaon

CBE Compulsory Basic Educaon

CCS Carbon Capture and Storage

CDM Clean Development Mechanism

CDR Case Detecon Rate

CEACR Commiee of Experts on the Applicaon of Convenons and

Recommendaons

CEONC Comprehensive Emergency Obstetric-Neonatal Care


15/168xiiiSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

CEPT The Common Eff ecve Preferenal Tariff

CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons

CH4

Methane

CITES Convenon on Internaonal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and

Fauna

CLMV Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam

CLTS Community-Led Total Sanitaon

CO2 Carbon Dioxide

CPR Contracepve Prevalence Rate

CSO Civil Society Organizaon

DAK Dana Alokasi Khusus (Special Allocaon Funds)

Desa Siaga Alert Village: a village that has resources capability and readiness to

overcome health problems and to reach a healthy village)

DOTS Directly Observed Treatment Short-CourseDPD Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (Regional Representave Council)

DPR Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (House of Representaves)

DPRD Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah (Regional House of Representaves)

DPT 3 Trivalent vaccines against three infecous diseases in humans: diphtheria,

pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus

DRA Demand-Responsive Approach

DSR Debt Service Rao

DSS Dengue Shock Syndrome

ECED Early Childhood Educaon and Development

EFA Educaon for All

FMU Forest Management UnitFSW Female Sex Worker

G-20 The group of 20 is a forum for 20 industrialized and developing countries to

discuss key issues of the global economy

G-33 Chair of the coalion of developing countries supporng flexibility to

undertake limited market openings on agricultural issues

GATT General Agreement on Trade and Tariff s

GDP Gross Domesc Product

GER Gross Enrolment Rate

GHG Green House Gasses

GMP Growth Monitoring Pracce

GPI Gender Parity IndexHCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon

HDR Human Development Report

HIS Health Informaon System

HIV Human Immuno-deficiency Virus

HL Hutan Lindung (Protected Forest)

HP Hutan Produksi (Producon Forest)


16/168xiv Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

HPK Hutan Produksi yang bisa dikonversi (forest areas which can be converted to

non-forest uses)

HPT Hutan Produksi Terbatas (Limited Producon Forests)

ICCSR Indonesia Climate Change Sectoral Roadmap

ICCTF Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund

ICT Informaon and Communicaon Technology

IDHS Indonesia Demographic Health Survey

IDU Injecng Drug Users

IEC Informaon, Educaon and Communicaons

IJEPA Indonesia-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement

ILO Internaonal Labor Organizaon

IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

IMF Internaonal Monetary Fund

IMR Infant Mortality RateINHERENT Indonesia Higher Educaon Network

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IPPA Internaonal Planned Parenthood Associaon

IPTP Intermient Prevenve Treatment for Pregnant women

IRS Indoor Residual Spraying

ITN Inseccide-Treated Nets

IUCN Internaonal Union for Conservaon of Nature

IUD Intra-Uterine Device

Jamkesmas Jaminan Kesehatan Masyarakat (Naonal Health Security Program)

KAP Knowledge, A tudes and Pracce

KPA Kawasan Pelestarian Alam (Nature Conservaon Area)KPU Komisi Pemilihan Umum (General Elecons Commission)

KSA Kawasan Suaka Alam (Nature Reserve Area)

KUR Kredit Usaha Rakyat (People-Based Small Business Loan Program)

LDR Loan Deposit Rao

LG Local Government

LJK Lembaga Jasa Keuangan (financial service instuon)

LKBB Lembaga Keuangan Bukan Bank (non-bank financial instuon)

LLIN Long-Lasng Inseccidal Nets

LMIC Lower Middle Income Country

LMVD Lembaga Modal Ventura Dasar

LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas

LPTK Lembaga Pendidikan Tenaga Kependidikan (Teacher Training Instute)

LULUCF Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry

MA Madrasah Aliyah

MARP Most at Risk Populaon

MDGs Millennium Development Goals

MDR-TB Muldrug-Resistant TB


17/168xvSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

MDTFs Mul-Donor Trust Funds

MI Madrasah Ib daiyah

MMR Maternal Mortality Rao

MMT Methadone Maintenance Therapy

MNCH Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health

MOH Ministry of Health

MONE Ministry of Naonal Educaon

MORA Ministry of Religious Aff airs

MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise

MSS Minimum Service Standards

MT Madrasah Tsanawiyah

MTEF Medium-Term Expenditure Framework

NAMA 11 A coalion of developing countries seeking flexibility to limit market

opennings in trade of industrial goodsNCCC Naonal Council for Climate Change

NER Net Enrollment Rate

NFE Non-formal Educaon

NGHGI The Naonal Greenhouse Gases Inventory

NIN Naonal Idenficaon Number

NMTDP Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan

NO Nitrogen Oxide

NPL Non-Performing Loans

NTP Naonal TB Program

OBF Oil-Based Fuels

ODP Ozone Depleng PotenalODS Ozone Depleng Substances

ORS Oral Rehydraon Soluons

ORT Oral Rehydraon Therapy

PAKEM Pembelajaran Ak f, Krea f, Efek f dan Menyenangkan (Acve, Creave,

Eff ecve and Fun Learning)

PAUD Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (Early Childhood Educaon)

PFM Public Finance Management

PHBS Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (clean and healthy behavior)

PISA Program for Internaonal Student Assessment

PISEW Program Infrastruktur Sosial Ekonomi Wilayah

PKH Program Keluarga Harapan (Family Hope Program)

PKK Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga (Family Welfare Movement)

PLHIV People Living with HIV

PLWHA People Living with HIV/AIDS

PMTCT Prevenng Mother to Child Transmission

PNC Postnatal Care

PNPM Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Naonal Program for


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Community Empowerment)

Posyandu Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Integrated Health Post, a community-based basic

health monitoring and services at village level)

PPLS Pendataan Program Layanan Sosial (Social Service Program Survey)

PPP Purchasing Power Parity

PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

PT Perguruan Tinggi (Higher Educaon)

Puskesmas Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat (Primary Health Center)

RANMAPI Rencana Aksi Nasional untuk Menghadapi Perubahan Iklim (Naonal Acon

Plan on Migaon and Adaptaon to Climate Change)

RASKIN Beras Miskin (Rice for the Poor Program)

RBM Roll Back Malaria

RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance

REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforesta

on and Degrada

onRiskesdas Riset Kesehatan Dasar (basic health research, conducted by MOH-RI)

RPJPN Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional (Naonal Long-Term

Development Plan)

RPJMN Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (Naonal Medium-Term

Development Plan)

Sakernas Survei Tenagakerja Nasional (Naonal Labour Force Survey), conducted by

the Central Bureau of Stascs

SBM School-Based Management

SD Sekolah Dasar (Primary School)

SDKI Survei Demogra fi dan Kesehatan Indonesia (Indonesian Demography and

Health Survey)SKRT Survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga (Household Health Survey)

SMA Sekolah Menengah Atas (Senior High School)

SMP Sekolah Menengah Pertama (Junior High School)

SPM Standar Pelayanan Minimum (Minimun Service Standard )

SPR School Parcipaon Rate

SR Success Rate

SRH Sexual and Reproducve Health

STI Sexually-Transmied Infecon

Susenas Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Naonal Socio-Economic Survey),

conducted by Central Bureau of Stascs

TB TuberculosisTBA Tradional Birth Aendant

TFR Total Ferlity Rate

TIMSS Third Internaonal Mathemacs Science Study

UNDP United Naons Development Programme

UNFCCC United Naons Framework Convenon on Climate Change

UNICEF United Naons Childrens’ Fund


19/168xviiSummary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

UNSD United Naons Stascs Division

VCT Voluntary Counseling and Tesng

WAN Wide Area Network

WB World Bank

WBG World Bank Group

WHO World Health Organizaon

WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WTO World Trade Organizaon


20/168xviii Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia


21/168

Introduction


22/1682 Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia


23/1683Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

In September 2000, at the Millennium Summit of the United Naons (UN), 189

member states agreed to adopt the Millennium Declaraon which was then

translated into a praccal framework, the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs). The MDGs place human development as the focus of development

and establish a set of measurable indicators of progress to be achieved by 2015.

There now remain five years for developing member states of the UN to achieve the

eight MDGs related to poverty reducon, aainment of universal basic educaon, gender

equality, improving maternal and child health, reducon in the prevalence of communicable

diseases, environmental sustainability, and global cooperaon. The MDGs are based onglobal partnership and developed countries also have stressed their agreement to fully support

these eff orts.

The MDGs have been an important consideraon in preparing naonal development

planning documents. The Indonesian government has mainstreamed the MDGs

in the Naonal Long-Term Development Plan (RPJPN 2005-2025), the Naonal

Medium-Term Development Plans (RPJMN 2005-2009 and 2010-2014), and

Naonal Annual Development Plans (RKP) as well as the State Budget documents.

National Development Priorities

Based on the current condion of the Indonesian naon, taking into account the challenges

to be faced over the next 20 years, and the resource endowment of Indonesia, the Naonal

Development Vision for the years 2005-2025 year has been defined to be: an Indonesia that

is self-reliant, advanced, prosperous and just.

To achieve this vision, eight missions related Naonal Development are to be achieved:

Realizaon of a society that has strong moral values that are ethical, cultured, and1.

based on the philosophy of Pancasila,

Creaon of a compeve naon,2.

Creaon of a democrac society based on the rule of law,3.

Creaon of an Indonesia that is safe, peaceful and united;4.

Achievement of an equitable and just paern of development;5.

Creaon of a green and sustainable Indonesia;6.

Realizaon of Indonesia as an independent island naon, advanced, powerful, and7.

based on naonal interests, and

Enabling Indonesia to play an important role in the internaonal community.8.

Introduction



The strategies to be implemented to accomplish this vision and missions have been translated

into stages of five-year periods that are presented in Naonal Medium-Term Development

Plan documents (RPJMN ). The five-year development phases are summarized as follows:

the first Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2005-2009) was formulated to1.

reorganize and develop all regions of Indonesia and to create Indonesia as a safe and

peaceful, just and democrac naon while increasing the welfare of the people;

the second Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2010-2014) aims to consolidate2.

the restructuring of Indonesia in all fields with an emphasis on improving the quality

of human resources, including development of science and technology, and the

strengthening of economic compeveness;

the third Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2015-2019) will further3.

strengthen overall development in various fields by emphasizing the achievement of

compe

veness of the economy based on compara

ve advantages of natural andhuman resources and the expanding capacity of science and technology; and

the fourth Naonal Medium-Term Development Plan (2020-2025) will create a self-4.

reliant Indonesian society, progressive, fair, and prosperous through the acceleraon

of development in various fields built on a solid economic structure and based on

compeve advantages in various fields supported by qualified and compeve

human resources.

The current Naonal Medium-Term Plan will be implemented during 2010 to 2014. The

Naonal Development Vision during this period has been defined as follows: The realizaon

of Indonesia as a prosperous, democrac, and just naon. This vision has been translated

into three Naonal Development Missions which are to: (i) connue developing towards aprosperous Indonesia, (ii) strengthen the pillars of democracy, and (iii) improve the jusce

system in all sectors.

The Vision and Missions of Naonal Development 2010-2014 have been formulated and

translated into operaonal terms in a number of naonal priories in the following themac

areas: (i) reform of the bureaucracy and governance; (ii) educaon; (iii) health; (iv) poverty

reducon; (v) food security; (vi) infrastructure; (vii) investment and improving the business

climate; (vii) energy; (ix) the natural environment and disasters; (x) border areas, remote areas

and post-conflict areas; and (xi) culture, creavity, and technological innovaon. In addion

to these eleven naonal priories, eff orts to achieve the Vision and Mission of the Naonal

Development will also be carried out through achievement of other naonal priories in thepolical, legal, and security areas and in the fields of the economy and people’s welfare.



Development of Indonesia After the Global Crisis and

Achievement of the MDG Targets

During the past five years, while the naon has not yet fully recovered from the economic

crisis of 1997/1998, Indonesia has faced significant global challenges. Some of the most

important have been the fluctuaon of oil prices, rising food prices, global climate change

and the global financial crisis of 2007/2008. The global economic crisis has resulted in a

world economic recession which has influenced the performance of the domesc economy.

The growth rate of GDP dropped to 4 to 5 percent as compared with the growth rate of the

economy prior to the crisis, which amounted to 7-8 percent. With rising food prices, lower

middle income households and the poor have been forced to expend a greater share of their

incomes on food. Extreme weather events have increased; high rainfall has resulted in crop

failures and damage to crops, fishermen have been unable to go to sea and public health

has been negavely aff ected. In this unfavorable global environment, Indonesia connues to

organize and develop in all fields.

The various crises and global challenges menoned above have provided the lesson that

globalizaon has two diff erent sides which provide both opportunies and challenges. A

naon must be fully prepared in all fields to address the global crises and challenges.

Posive economic growth and strengthening of democrac instuons during the last

ten years have strengthened the posion of the naon to accelerate the achievement of

the MDGs. Currently, Indonesia is the third most populous democracy of the world and has

been able to strengthen the economy to achieve the status of a middle-income country. The

Indonesian naon has also worked consistently over the last decade to achieve the MDG

targets. Although there are sll many challenges and problems in the implementaon of

development in Indonesia, the Government remains determined to fulfill the commitment to

achieve the MDG targets on me.

Allocaon of funds in naonal and local budgets in Indonesia has increased from year to year

to support the achievement of the MDGs. This has been done to accelerate the achievement

of naonal goals. Se ng measurable targets related to the MDGs that can be monitored and

evaluated has proven to be eff ecve in increasing the effi ciency of resource allocaon. In turn,

evaluaon of the progress in achievement of the MDGs has been useful in adjusng plans to

be more responsive to the needs of poor and vulnerable groups.

In reviewing trends in the achievement of the MDG targets, the current status can be grouped into

three categories of achievement: (a) targets which have already been achieved, (b) targets for which

significant progress has been achieved, and (c) targets that sll require great eff ort to be achieved.

The MDG targets that have already been achieved include:

MDG 1• - The level of extreme poverty, that is the proporon of people living with per



capita income of less than USD 1 per day, has declined from 20.6 percent in 1990 to

5.9 percent in 2008.

MDG 3• - The targets for gender equality in all levels of educaon are expected to

be achieved. In 2009, the Gender Parity Index (GPI) at primary schools including

madrasah ibdaiyah (SD/MI) was 99.7 percent while at the junior secondary schools

including madrasah tsanawiyah (SMP/MTs) and senior secondary educaon including

madrasah aliyah (SM/MA) the GPI was 101.99 percent. The rao of literate women to

men in the age group of 15-24 years has reached 99.85 percent.

MDG 6• - An increase in detecon of tuberculosis cases has been achieved, from

20.0 percent in 2000 to 73.1 percent in 2009 as compared to the MDG target of 70.0

percent. There has also been a decrease the prevalence of tuberculosis from 443

cases per 100,000 populaon in 1990 to 244 cases per 100,000 populaon in 2009.

The MDG targets for which significant progress has been demonstrated include:

MDG 1• - The prevalence of infant malnutrion has been reduced by nearly half, from

31 percent in 1989 to 18.4 percent in 2007. It is expected that the MDG target of

15.5 percent will be achieved by 2015.

MDG 2• – The parcipaon rate for primary educaon is close to 100 percent and the

literacy rate of the populaon was more than 99.47 percent in 2009.

MDG 3• –The parcipaon rao of females to males in SMA / MA / Paket C and higher

educaon in 2009 was 96.16 and 102.95. Thus it is expected that the target of 100 will

be achieved by 2015.

MDG 4• – The number of deaths in children under the age of five years has decreased

from 97 per 1,000 births in 1991 to 44 per 1,000 births in 2007. It is expected that the

target of 32 per 1,000 births will be achieved by 2015.

MDG 8• - Indonesia has been successful in developing trade and financial systems

that are open, rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory - as evidenced by the

posive trends in indicators related to trade and the naonal banking system. At the

same me, significant progress has been made in reducing the foreign debt rao to

GDP from 24.6 percent in 1996 to 10.9 percent in 2009. The Debt Service Rao has

also been reduced from 51 percent in 1996 to 22 percent in 2009.

The MDG targets where a posive trend has been demonstrated but which sll require

special eff orts to achieve the targets by 2015 include the following:

MDG 1• - Indonesia has raised its targets for poverty reducon and will give special

aenon to reducing poverty levels as measured against the naonal poverty line

from 13.33 percent (2010).



MDG 5• - Maternal mortality has been reduced from 390 in 1991 to 228 per

100,000 live births in 2007. Special eff orts are required to achieve the target of

102 per 100,000 live births by 2015.

MDG 6• – The number of people living with HIV / AIDS has increased, parcularly

in high risk groups, including injecng drug users and sex workers. The rate of

increase is also high in some areas where awareness about this disease is low.

MDG 7• - Indonesia has high levels of greenhouse gas emissions, but is commied

to increasing forest cover, eliminang illegal logging and implemenng a policy

framework to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by at least 26 percent over the

next 20 years. At present, only 47.73 percent of households have sustainable

access to improved water supply, and 51.19 percent of households have access

to improved sanitaon. Special aenon is required to achieve the MDG targets

for Goal 7 by 2015.

The success of Indonesia’s development has been recognized globally and has received

various awards. Progress in developing the naonal economy over the past five years has

reduced the gap between Indonesia and the developed countries.

Developed countries who are members of the Organizaon of Economic Cooperaon and

Development (OECD) recognize and appreciate Indonesia’s development progress. Therefore,

Indonesia along with China, India, Brazil and South Africa were invited to enter the group of

‘enhanced engagement countries’ or states with an increasingly enhanced engagement with

developed countries. Indonesia has also joined the G-20, i.e. the twenty countries that control

85 percent of Gross Domesc Product (GDP) of the world, which has a very important and

decisive role in shaping global economic policy.

New Initiatives Moving Forward

Success in achieving the MDGs in Indonesia depends on the achievement of good

governance, producve partnerships at all levels of society and the implementaon

of a comprehensive approach to achieving pro-poor growth, improving public

services, improving coordinaon among stakeholders, expanding partnerships,

increasing the allocaon of resources, and developing decentralized approaches

to reducing disparies while empowering communies in all regions of Indonesia.

In planning to achieve the MDGs, the size, growth and distribuon of the populaon is

one important consideraon. Accelerang the achievement of the MDGs and all related

targets requires that populaon problems are addressed in a comprehensive and integrated

approach, including expanding access to reproducve health services and family planning

while protecng reproducve rights. The Indonesian populaon is 237.5 million people (2010

Populaon Census - Preliminary results, BPS), having more than doubled since 1971. Although



the populaon growth rate decreased from 1.97 per cent per annum during 1980-1990 to 1.49

per cent per annum in the period 1990-2000, and to a 1.30 per cent per annum rate in 2005,

the total populaon of Indonesia in 2015 is expected to be approximately 247.6 million people

(Indonesian Populaon Projecon 2005-2025). Of this amount, approximately 60.2 percent

will be in Java which has an area of only 7 percent of the total land area of Indonesia. In

addion, no less than 80 percent of industries are concentrated in Java.

The Government is commied to maintaining a socio-economic environment and culture

where all cizens, civil society organizaons and the private sector can parcipate producvely

in improving the welfare of all Indonesians. In eff orts to accelerate the achievement of the

MDGs, the role of communies, including community organizaons, and especially women’s

groups, have contributed significantly, especially in educaon, health, the supply of clean

water and the living environment. In the future, grass-roots organizaons will connue to be

given a

en

on to speed up achievement of the MDGs and increase the welfare of the peopleon a sustainable basis.

Steps to accelerate the achievement of the MDGs during the next five years as mandated

by Presidenal Instrucon No. 3 of 2010 concerning Equitable Development Programming

include the following:

The Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs will be distributed as a•

reference for stakeholders in working to speed up aainment of the MDGs throughout

Indonesia.

Provincial governments will prepare “Regional Acon Plans to Accelerate Achievement•

of the MDGs” and these will be used is used as a reference in improving planning and

coordinaon of eff orts to reduce poverty and improve people’s welfare.Allocaon of funds by the central, provincial and district governments will connue•

to be increased to support the intensificaon and expansion of programs to achieve

the MDGs. A funding mechanism will be prepared to provide incenves to local

governments that perform well in achieving the MDGs.

Support for the expansion of social services in disadvantaged areas and remote areas•

will be increased.

Partnerships between the Government and private enterprises (Public - Private•

Partnerships or PPP) will be developed in the social sectors, especially educaon and

health, to expand sources of funding to support achievement of the MDGs.

Mechanisms to expand Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) iniaves will be•

strengthened to support the achievement of the MDGs.Enhanced cooperaon with creditor countries will be sought for the conversion of•

debt (debt swap) for achieving the MDGs.


29/168

Summary by Goal


30/168



MDG 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER

Indonesia has achieved the target of halving the incidence of

extreme poverty as measured by the indicator of USD 1.00 per capita

per day. Progress is also being made to further reduce poverty as

measured against the naonal poverty line from the current rate of

13.33 percent (2010) to the targeted rate of 8-10 percent by 2014.

The prevalence of undernourished children under five years of age decreased from

31.1 percent in 1989 to 18.4 percent in 2007 and Indonesia is on track to achieve theMDG target of 15.50 percent in 2015. Priories for the future to reduce poverty are to

expand employment opportunies, improve supporng infrastructure and strengthen

the agricultural sector. Special aenon will be given to: (i) expanding credit facilies

for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs); (ii) empowering disadvantaged

communies in all regions of the naon to beer access and use resources to improve

their welfare; (iii) improving access of the poor to social services; and (iv) improving the

provision of social protecon to the poorest of the poor.

MDG 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

Indonesia is on track to achieve the MDG target for primary

educaon and literacy. The country aims to go beyond the MDG

educaon target for primary educaon by expanding the target to

junior secondary educaon (SMP and madrasah tsanawiyah-MTs,

grades 7 to 9) to the universal basic educaon targets. In 2008/09

gross enrolment rate (GER) at primary educaon level (SD/MI) was 116.77 percent and

the ne enrolment rate (NER) was 95.23 percent. At primary educaon level, disparity in

educaon parcipaon among provinces has been significantly reduced with NER above

90 percent in almost all provinces. The main challenge in acelerang the achievment of

MDG educaon target is improving equal access of children, girls and boys, to quality basic

educa

on. Government policies and programs to address this challenge: (i) expansion ofequitable access to basic educaon parcularly for the poor; (ii) improvement of the

quality, effi ciency, and eff ecveness of educaon; and (iii) strengthening governance

and accountability of educaon services. The policy to allocate minimal 20 percent

of government budget to the educaon sector will be connued to accelerate the

achievement of universal junior secondary educaon by 2015.

Summary of the Status of Achievement of theMDGs in Indonesia



MDG 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

Progress has been achieved in increasing the proporon offemales in primary, junior secondary schools, senior high schools

and instuons of higher educaon. The rao of NER for women

to men at primary educaon and junior secondary educaon

levels was 99.73 and 101.99 respecvely, and literacy among

females aged 15-24 years has already reached 99.35. As a result, Indonesia is on track

to achieve the educaon-related targets for gender equality by 2015. In the workforce,

the share of female wage employment in the nonagricultural sector has increased. In

polics, the number of women in the Indonesian parliament increased to 17.9 percent

in 2009. Priories for the future are to: (i) improve the role of women in development;

(ii) improve protecon for women against all forms of abuse; and (iii) mainstream

gender equality in all policies and programs while building greater public awareness

on issues of gender.

MDG 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

The infant mortality rate in Indonesia has shown a significant

decline from 68 in 1991 to 34 per 1,000 live births in 2007. With

this rate, the target of 23 per 1,000 live births in 2015 is expected

to be achieved. Likewise, the child mortality target is expected to

be achieved. However, regional disparies remain as constraints to

achieve the targets, reflecng the discrepancy in accessing health services, parcularly

in underserved and remote areas. The future priories are to strengthen health systems

and improve access to health services especially for the poor and remote areas.

MDG 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

Of all the MDGs, the lowest rate of global achievement has been

recorded in the improvement of maternal health. In Indonesia,

the maternal mortality rao (MMR) has gradually been reduced

from 390 in 1991 to 228 per 100,000 live births in 2007. Extra hard

work will be needed to achieve the MDG target by 2015 of 102

per 100,000 live births. Even though the rates for antenatal care and births aended byskilled health personnel are relavely high, several factors such as high risk pregnancy

and aboron are considered to be constraints that require special aenon. Crical

measures to reduce maternal mortality are improving the contracepve prevalence rate



and reducing the unmet need through expanding access and improving quality of family

planning and reproducve health services. For the future, priories to improve maternalhealth will be focused on expanding beer quality health care and comprehensive

obstetric care, improving family planning services and provision of informaon, educaon

and communicaon (IEC) messages to the community.

MDG 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

In Indonesia, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate has increased, especially

among high risk groups, i.e. injecng drug users and sex workers.

The number of HIV/AIDS cases reported in Indonesia more than

doubled between 2004 and 2005. The incidence of malaria per

1,000 populaon decreased from 4.68 in 1990 to 1.85 in 2009.

Meanwhile, in TB control, the case detecon rate and successfully treated TB cases have

already reached the 2015 targets. The communicable disease control approaches are

focusing on prevenve measures and mainstreaming into the naonal health system.

Beyond that, communicable disease control eff orts must involve all stakeholders and

strengthen health promoon acvies to increase public awareness.

MDG 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Indonesia has a high rate of greenhouse gas emission, but has worked

to increase forest cover, eliminate illegal logging and is commi

edto implemenng a comprehensive policy framework to reduce

carbon dioxide emissions over the next 20 years. The proporon

of households with access to improved sources of drinking water

increased from 37.73 percent in 1993 to 47.71 percent in 2009. At the same me, the

proporon of households with access to improved sanitaon facilies increased from

24.81 percent in 1993 to 51.19 percent in 2009. Acceleraon of achievement of the

targets for improving access to improved water and sanitaon facilies will be connued

with increased support. Aenon will be given to investments on water and sanitaon

systems to serve growing urban populaons. In rural areas, communies are expected to

play a larger role, with communies taking responsibility for operaon and management

of infrastructure with advisory support from local authories. The role and detailedresponsibilies of local governments in natural resource management and water supply

/sanitaon will be beer delineated and their skills enhanced.



MDG 8: BUILDING GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

Indonesia is an acve parcipant in a wide variety of internaonalforums and is commied to connuing to build successful

partnerships with mullateral organizaons, bilateral partners and

representaves of the private sector to achieve a pro-poor paern of

economic growth. Indonesia has benefited from close collaboraon

with the internaonal donor community and internaonal finance instuons. The

Jakarta Commitment was signed with 26 development partners in 2009 to provide a

roadmap for all concerned to improve cooperaon and management of development

assistance in Indonesia. Indonesia has commited to reducing internaonal borrowing as

a percentage of GDP and this is demonstrated by the reducon of foreign debt to GDP

from 24.6 percent in 1996 to 10.9 percent in 2009. Indonesia’s debt service rao has also

connued to decline from 51 percent in 1996 to 22 percent in 2009. The private sector

has made major investments in informaon and communicaons technology and access

to cellular telephones, telephone land lines and internet communicaons has increased

dramacally over the past five years. In 2009 some 82.41 percent of the populaon had

access to cellular telephones.



Overview of the Status of Achievement of the MDG Targets

Indicator Baseline Current MDGTarget 2015

Status Source

Goal 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Target 1A: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the propor on of people whose income is less than USD

1.0 (PPP) a day

1.1

Proporon of

populaon below

USD 1.00 (PPP) per

day

20.60%

(1990)

5.90%

(2008)10.30% •

World Bank

and BPS

1.2

Poverty gap rao

(incidence x depth

of poverty)

2.70%

(1990)2.21% (2010) Reduce ► BPS,

Susenas

Target 1B: Achieve full and produc ve employment and decent work for all, including women andyoung people

1.4

Growth rate of

GDP per person

employed

3.52%

(1990)

2.24%

(2009)-

PDB Naonal

and Sakernas

1.5

Employment-to-

populaon (over 15

years of age)

65%

(1990)

62%

(2009)

BPS,

Sakernas

1.7

Proporon of

own-account and

contribung family

workers in total

employment

71%

(1990)

64%

(2009)Decrease ►

Target 1C: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the propor on of people who su ff er from hunger

1.8

Prevalence of

underweight

children under-five

years of age

31.0%

(1989)*

18.4%

(2007)**15.5% ►

* BPS,

Susenas

** Ministry

of Health

Riskesdas,

2007

1.8a

Prevalence of

severe underweight

children under-five

years of age

7.2%

(1989)*

5.4%

(2007)**3.6% ►

1.8b

Prevalence

of moderate

underweight

children under-five

years of age

23.8%

(1989)*

13.0%

(2007)**11.9% ►

Status:● Already achieved►On-track▼Need special aenon



Indicator Baseline CurrentMDG

Target 2015Status Source

1.9

Propor

on of popula-on below minimum

level of dietary energy

consumpon:

▼

BPS,

Susenas1400 kcal/capita/day

17.00%

(1990)

14.47%

(2009)8.50%

2000 kcal/capita/day64.21%

(1990)

61.86%

(2009)35.32%

Goal 2: Achieve Universal Primary Educaon

Target 2A: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete full

course of primary schooling

2.1

Net Enrolment Rao

(NER) in primary

educaon

88.70%

(1992)**

95.23%

(2009)*

100.00% ►* MONE

**BPS,

Susenas

2.2

Proporon of pupils

starng grade 1 who

complete primary

school.

62.00%

(1990)*

93.00%

(2008)**100.00% ►

* BPS, MONE

** BPS,

Susenas

2.3

Literacy rate of popula-

on aged 15-24 year,

women and men

96.60%

(1990)

99.47%

(2009)

Female:

99.40%

Male:

99.55%

100.00% ► BPS,Susenas

Goal 3: Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women

Target 3A: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary educa on, preferably by 2005, and inall levels of educa on no later than 2015

3.1

Raos of girls to boys

in primary, secondary

and terary educaon

- Rao of girls to boys

in primary schools

100.27

(1993)99.73 (2009) 100.00 ●

BPS,

Sakernas


in junior high schools

99.86

(1993)

101.99

(2009)100.00 ●


in senior high schools

93.67

(1993)96.16 (2009) 100.00 ►


in higher educaon

74.06

(1993)

102.95

(2009) 100.00

3.1a

Literacy rao of

women to men in the

15-24 year age group

98.44

(1993)

99.85

(2009)100.00 ●

Con nued:

Overview of the Status of

Achievement of the MDG

Targets

►






3.2Share of women inwage employment

in the non-agricul-

tural sector

29.24%

(1990)

33.45%

(2009)Decrease ► BPS,

Sakernas

3.3

Proporon of seats

held by women in

naonal parliament

12.50%

(1990)

17.90%

(2009)Decrease ► KPU

Goal 4: Reduce Child Mortality

Target 4A: Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under- fi ve mortality rate

4.1

Under-five mortality

rate per 1,000 live

births

97

(1991)

44

(2007)32 ►

BPS,

IDHS 1991,

2007

4.2

Infant mortality rate

per 1,000 live births

68

(1991)

34

(2007) 23 ►

4.2a

Neonatal mortality

rate per 1,000 live

births

32

(1991)

19

(2007)Decrease ►

4.3

Proporon of one-

year-old children

immunized against

measles

44.5%

(1991)

67.0%

(2007)Decrease ►

Goal 5: Improve Maternal Health

Target 5A: Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the Maternal Mortality Ra o

5.1

Maternal Mortality

Rao (per 100,000

live births)

390

(1991)

228 (2007) 102 ▼BPS,

IDHS 1991,

2007

5.2

Proporon of births

aended by skilled

health personnel (%)

40.70%

(1992)

77.34%

(2009)Increase ►

BPS,

Susenas

1992-2009

Target 5B: Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproduc ve health

5.3

Current contracepve

use among married

women 15-49 years

old, any method

49.7%

(1991)

61.4%

(2007)Increase ►

BPS,

IDHS 1991,

2007

5.3a

Current

contracepve use

among married

women 15-49 years

old, modern method

47.1%

(1991)

57.4%

(2007)Increase ▼

Con nued:



Targets






5.4 Adolescent birth rate(per 1000 women aged

15-19)

67 (1991) 35 (2007) Decrease ►

BPS,

IDHS 1991,

20075.5

Antenatal care

coverage (at least one

visit and at least four

visists)

- 1 visit: 75.0% 93.3%

Increase

►

- 4 visits:56.0%

(1991)81.5% (2007) ►

5.6Unmet need for family

planning

12.7%

(1991)9.1% (2007) Decrease ▼

Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

Target 6A: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

6.1

HIV/AIDS Prevalence

among total populaon

(percent)

- 0.2% (2009) Decrease ▼MOH

esmated

2006

6.2Condom use at last

high-risk sex

12.8%

(2002/3)

Female:

10.3%Increase

▼ BPS,IYARHS

2002/2003 &

2007Male:

18.4% (2007)▼

6.3

Proporon of

populaon aged

15-24 years with

comprehensive correctknowledge of HIV/AIDS

- Married -

Female:

9.5%Increase ▼ BPS,

IDHS 2007Male: 14.7%

(2007)

- Unmarried -

Female:

2.6%Increase ▼ BPS,

SKRRI 2007Male: 1.4%

(2007)

Target 6B: Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

6.5

Proporon of

populaon withadvanced HIV infecon

with access to

anretroviral drugs

-38.4%

(2009)Increase ▼

MOH, 2010as per 30

November

2009


Con nued:



Targets





Target 6C: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of Malaria and other major dis-eases

6.6

Incidence and death

rates associated with

Malaria (per 1,000)

6.6a

Incidence rate

associated with

Malaria (per 1,000):

4.68

(1990)

1.85 (2009)Decrease ► MOH

2009

- incidence of Malaria

in Jawa & Bali

0.17

(1990)

0.16

(2008)Decrease ► API, MOH

2008

- Incidence of Malaria

outside Jawa & Bali

24.10

(1990)

17.77

(2008)Decrease ► AMI, MOH

2008

6.7

Proporon of children

under 5 sleeping

under inseccide-

treated bednets

-

3.3%

Rural: 4.5%

Urban: 1.6%

-2007

Increase ▼ BPS,IDHS 2007

6.9

Incidence, prevalence

and death rates

associated with

Tuberculosis

6.9a

Incidence rates

associated with

Tuberculosis (all

cases/100,000 pop/

year)

343

(1990)

228

(2009)

Stop,

began to

reduce

●

TB Global

WHO Report,

20096.9b

Prevalence rate of

Tuberculosis (per

100,000)

443(1990)

244(2009) ●

6.9c

Death rate of

Tuberculosis (per

100,000)

92

(1990)

39

(2009) ●

6.10

Proporon of

Tuberculosis cases

detected and cured

under directly

observed treatment

short courses

6.10a

Proporon of

Tuberculosis cases

detected under

directly observed

treatment short

course (DOTS)

20.0%

(2000)*

73.1%

(2009)**70.0% ● * TB GlobalWHO Report,

2009

6.10b

Proporon of

Tuberculosis cases

cured under DOTS

87.0%

(2000)*

91.0%

(2009)**85.0% ● ** MOH

Report-2009


Con nued:



Targets





Goal 7: Ensure Environmental SustainabilityTarget 7A: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and

reverse the loss of environmental resources

7.1

The rao of actual

forest cover to total

land area based on

the review of satellite

imagery and aerial

photographic surveys

59.70%

(1990)

52.43%

(2008)Increase ▼ Ministry of

Forestry

7.2Carbon dioxide (CO2)

emissions

1,416,074

Gg CO2e

(2000)

1,711,626 Gg

CO2e (2008)

Reduce at

least 26% by

2020

▼ Ministry ofEnvironment

7.2a

Primary energy

consumpon(per capita)

2.64 BOE

(1991)

4.3 BOE

(2008) Reduce

Ministry

of Energy

and Natural

Resources

7.2b. Energy Intensity

5.28

BOE/ USD

1,000

(1990)

2.1 BOE/

USD 1,000

(2008)

Decrease

7.2c Energy Elascity0.98

(1991)1.6 (2008) Decrease

7.2dEnergy mix for

renewable energy

3.5%

(2000)3.45% (2008) -

7.3

Total consumpon

of ozone depleng

substances (ODS) in

metric tons

8,332.7

metric

tons

(1992)

0 CFCs

(2009)

0 CFCs while

reducing

HCFCs

► Ministry ofEnvironment

7.4

Proporon of fish

stocks within safe

biological limits

66.08%

(1998)

91.83%

(2008)not exceed ►

Ministry

of Marine

Aff airs &

Fisheries

7.5

The rao of terrestrial

areas protected to

maintain biological

diversity to total

terrestrial area

26.40%

(1990)

26.40%

(2008)Increase ► Ministry of

Forestry

7.6

The rao of marine

protected areas to

total territorial marine

area

0.14%

(1990)*

4.35%

(2009)** Increase ►

*Ministry of

Forestry /

**Ministry

of Marine

Aff airs &

Fisheries


Con nued:



Targets





Target 7C: Halve, by 2015, the propor on of households without sustainable access to safe drinkingwater and basic sanita on

7.8

Proporon of

households with

sustainable access to

an improved water

source, urban and

rural

37.73%

(1993)

47.71%

(2009)68.87% ▼

BPS,

Susenas

7.8a Urban50.58%

(1993)

49.82%

(2009)75.29% ▼

7.8b Rural31.61%

(1993)

45.72%

(2009)65.81% ▼

7.9

Proporon of

households withsustainable access to

basic sanitaon, urban

and rural

24.81%

(1993)

51. 19%

(2009)62.41% ▼

7.9a Urban53.64%

(1993)

69.51%

(2009)76.82% ▼

7.9b Rural11.10%

(1993)

33.96%

(2009)55.55% ▼

Target 7D: By 2020, to have achieved a signi fi cant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum

dwellers

7.1

Proporon of urban

populaon living in

slums

20.75%

(1993)

12.12%

(2009)-

BPS,

Susenas

Goal 8: Develop a Global Partnership for Development

Target 8A: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and fi nancial

systems

7.1

Proporon of urban

populaon living in

slums

20.75%

(1993)

12.12%

(2009)- ► BPS & The

World Bank

7.1

Proporon of urban

populaon living in

slums

20.75%

(1993)

12.12%

(2009)- ► BI Economic

Report 2008,

2009

7.1

Proporon of urban

populaon living in

slums

20.75%

(1993)

12.12%

(2009)- ►

Target 8D: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through na onal

and interna onal measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term

8.12Rao of Internaonal

Debt to GDP

24.59%

(1996)

10.89%

(2009) Reduce ► Ministry of

Finance

8.12aDebt Service Rao

(DSR)

51.00%

(1996)

22.00%

(2009) Reduce ► BI Annual

Report 2009


Con nued:



Targets





Target 8F: In coopera on with the private sector, make available the bene fi ts of new technologies,especially informa on and communica ons

8.14

Proporon of

populaon with

fixed-line telephones

(teledensity in

populaon)

4.02%

(2004)3.65% (2009) Increase ► Minister of

Communicaon

and Informacs

2010

8.15

Proporon of

populaon with

cellular phones

14.79%

(2004)

82.41%

(2009)100.00% ►

8.16

Proporon of

households with

access to internet

-11.51%

(2009)50.00% ▼

BPS,

Susenas

2009

8.16aProporon ofhouseholds with

personal computers

- 8.32% (2009) Increase ▼BPS,

Susenas

2009


Con nued:



Targets


43/168

Coming Home the

Goal 1:Eradicate Extreme Povertyand Hunger



Target 1A:

Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of peoplewhose income is less than USD 1.00 (PPP) a day

Current Status

The incidence of extreme poverty (using the measurement of USD 1.00 purchasing power

parity per capita per day) has been reduced in Indonesia from 20.6 percent in 1990 to 5.9

percent in 2008, and Indonesia has already achieved and exceeded Target 1 for reducon of

extreme poverty. Figure 1.1 presents the trend for the declining percentages of the populaon

esmated to have levels of consumpon below USD 1.00 (PPP) per capita per day as measuredby World Bank/BPS annually from 1990 to 2008. The declining trend is expected to be sustained

to 2015 and beyond.

Goal 1:

Eradicate Extreme Povertyand Hunger

Figure 1.1:

Progress in Reducing Extreme Pove

(USD1.00/capita/day) as Compared

the MDG Target

Source:

BPS, Susenas, The World Bank 2008.

2 0 . 6

1 4 . 8

7 . 8

9 . 9

1 2 . 0

9 . 9

9 . 2

7 . 2

6 . 6 7

. 4

6

. 0

8 . 5

6 . 7

5

. 9

Target:

10.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 8

1 9 9 9

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 1

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 3

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 5

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 7

2 0 0 8

2 0 0 9

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 1

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 3

2 0 1 4

2 0 1 5

P e r c e n t a g e


46/16826

Goal 1: Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger

Summary of the Roadmap to Accelerate Achievement of the MDGs in Indonesia

Using the prevailing naonal poverty line, the incidence of poverty has generally trended

downwards during the period 1976 to 1996 (Figure 1.2). The economic crisis in 1997/8

resulted in a dramac increase in the number of Indonesians below the poverty line. The

incidence of poverty more than doubled to 24.2 percent in 1998 when a negave GDP growth

rate was recorded and prices increased dramacally. Since 1999, the naonal poverty rate had

been reduced to 13.33 percent (2010) as the naonal economy has recovered and as iniaves

to reduce the incidence of poverty proved to be eff ecve in benefing the poor. Although the

percentage of the populaon living below the poverty line in 2010 had been reduced, the

total number of people living below the naonal poverty line was sll high, amounng to

31.02 million people. At the same me it is important to note that the decline of the poverty

rate from March 2009 to March 2010 is only 0.82 percent and that was less than during the

previous year (2008/2009) when the decline of the poverty rate was 1.27 percent. As a result

it is necessary to take steps to increase the rate of poverty reducon.

The Poverty Gap Index is an indicator which measures the gap between the average income

of the poor and the naonal poverty line. During the period 2002-2010 the trend for this

indicator was generally downward, although there was a significant increase in 2006 reflecng

increases in the naonal price of fuel and other basic consumer goods. Aer 2006 there has

been a posive downward trend reflecng the impact of the measures to stablize prices and

migate the impact of price increases on the poor (see Figure 1.3). In 2009 the average Poverty

Gap Index for all areas was 2.5, and in 2010 there was a further decline to 2.2. The Poverty Gap

Index measured for rural areas (3.05) was significantly higher than for urban areas (1.91) and

the highest levels were found in the rural areas of the provinces of Papua Barat (12.52), Papua(11.51), Maluku (6.94), Gorontalo (6.26), Aceh (4.87), Sulawesi Tengah (4.8), Yogyakarta (4.74),

and Nusa Tenggara Timur (4.47).

The total number of poor is large and the distribuon of the poor among the provinces and

islands of Indonesia is uneven. Of the 31.02 million people living below the naonal poverty

line in 2010, the largest share (55.83 percent) are resident on the island of Jawa. Sumatera

Figure 1.2:

Long-Term Trends in Poverty

Reducon in Indonesia Measured

Using the Naonal Poverty Line

Source:

BPS, Susenas, several years.

5 4 . 2

4 7 . 2

4 2 . 3

4 0 . 6

3 5 . 0

3 0 . 0

2 7 . 2

2 5 . 9

2 2 . 5

4 9 . 5

4 8 . 0

3 8 . 7

3 7 . 9

3 8 . 4

3 7 . 3

3 6 . 1

3 5 . 1 3

9 . 3

3 7 . 2

3 5 . 0

3 2 . 5

3 1 . 0

4 0 . 1

3 3 . 3

2 8 . 6

2 6 . 9

2 1 . 6

1 7 . 4

1 5 . 1

1 3 . 7

1 1 . 3

2 4 . 2

2 3 . 4

1 9 . 1

1 8 . 4

1 8 . 2

1 7 . 4

1 6 . 7

1 6 . 0

1 7 . 8

1 6 . 6

1 5 . 4

1 4 . 2

1 3 . 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 9 7 6

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 0

4. summary of the roadmap to accelerate achievement

Documents