4 requirements of a ship for operation

8/12/2019 4 Requirements of a Ship for Operation

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4 RE

4.1 AIMS OF THE LECT

a) To list various requireme

b) To examine the backgrou

4.2 TYPE OF REQUIREM

Construction of ship is influe

least three parties i.e. the own

partys requirements have its

The requirements are set as p

naval architect, approved by t

The main aim of the require

that the ship will meet its mis

4.3 OWNERS REQUIRE

a)Background

The owners requirements ar

prior to the concept of the shi

ship when it is in operation.

The owners requirements ar

realisation when the ship is b

UIREMENTS OF A SHIP FOR OPERA

RE

ts demanded by particular parties.

nds and aims of the requirements

NTS

ced and regulated by a number of requireme

r of the ship, the classification society, and

pecific unique objectives and purposes.

art of the ship specifications, developed by t

e parties concerned, and agreed by the ship

ents is to set a target for the shipyard to a

ion.

ENTS

e based on the findings from the market r

p being decided, which would become the c

refined at every stage of the design proces

ilt.

ION

nts demanded by at

he authority. Each

he ship designer or

ard.

hieve as indicators

search carried out

aracteristics of the

s to ensure of their


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b)Objectives

The objectives of the owners requirements among other things are:

The ship is able to cater to the predicted market demand, and so meet the targeted

profit The ship to be cost effective in its operation.

c)main contents

In general the main contents of the owners requirements would include:

The service speed of the ship

Ship operational performance

Performance of the ships machinery and equipment

The cargo capacity The fuel consumption

Number of crews to operate the ship

The main dimensions of the ship

Maintainability of the ship

Safety of the ship, its cargoes, and crews

4.4 CLASSIFICATION STANDARDS

a) Background

In the second half of the 18th century, marine insurers, based at Lloyd's coffee house in

London, developed a system for the independent inspection of the hull and equipment of

ships presented to them for insurance cover. At that time, an attempt was made to 'classify'

the condition of each ship on an annual basis.

Hence the Lloyds Register of Shipping was formed in 1760, Follow its establishment a

number of classification societies are founded, which include the followings:

Classification Nationality Year of

establishment

Lloyds Register of Shipping (LR) United Kingdom 1764

Bureau Veritas (BV) France 1828

Registro Italiano Navale (RINA) Italy 1861

American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) United States 1862

Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Norway 1864

Germanischer Lloyd (GL) Germany 1867

Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (ClassNK) Japan 1899

The Russian Maritime Register ofShipping (RS)

Russia 1913


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Croatian Register of Shipping (CRS) Croatia 1949

China Classification Society (CCS) China 1956

Korean Register (KR) South Korea 1960

Indian Register of Shipping (IRS) India 1975

A classification society exists to classify or arrange in order of merit such ships as are built

according to its rules. A classed ship is therefore considered to have a particular standard of

seaworthiness.

Consultation between the classification societies takes place on matters of common interest

through the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS).

The classification societies operate by publishing rules and regulations relating to the

structural efficiency and the reliability of the propelling machinery and equipment. These

rules and regulations in fact are a set of standards.

b)Objectives

The objectives of the classification societys rule and regulations are:

To provide a basis of consideration for the insurance companies to determine their

level of premiums of the ship to be insured, even though there is no connection

between the insurance companies and the classification societies.

To ensure the construction soundness and a safe means of transport for cargo or

passengers.

c) main contents

Class notations

Ship materials

Ship structure and equipment

Ship machinery and system

Ship operational equipment and system

Ship survey

4.5 STATUTORY REGULATIONS

Statutory regulations are the regulations that concern with the safety, environmental control,

and security, nationally as well as internationally. These regulations are imposed by

government or international bodies dependent on their coverage.

a) National regulations

National authorities regulate the legislation regarding the safe operation of the ships in those

particular countries and the ships registered to those countries which is known as flag state.


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The authorities have surveyors to examine and verify the ships that are built in accordance to

their regulations.

Main contents of the national regulations among other things are:

Load lines Tonnage

Master and crew spaces

Water tight subdivision of passenger ships

Life saving appliances

Environmental protection

Navigation safety

Some topics of the national regulations are over lapped with the international regulations

established by International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

b)The International Maritime Organisation (IMO)

The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) is a specialist agency of the United Nations

and was originally set up to enable intergovernmental co-operation on matter concerning

ships, shipping, and the sea.

IMO technical work is carried out by a number of committees such as Maritime Safety

Committee (MSC) which has a number of sub-committees among other things are

subcommittees on:

Safety of Navigation

Radio communications and Search and Rescue

Training and watch keeping

Carriage of dangerous goods

Solid cargoes and containers

Ship design and equipment

Fire protection

Stability and load lines and fishing vessel safety

Flag state implementation Bulk liquid and gases

Some of the IMO regulations are concerned with the following issues:

Safety

Prevention of pollution and environmental protection

Fire safety in ship

Load line and freeboard

Tonnage

Prevention of collision

Security of ship and port


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c)Other regulatory bodies

Beside IMO there are several other organisations which regulations should be met by the ship

for its operation dependent on the type and mission of the ship, these organisations among

others are:

International Labour Organisation

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

International Chamber of Shipping

4.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS

a) There are three categories of requirements in ship production i.e. owners requirements,

classification requirements, and statutory requirements.

b) The owners requirements are based on the findings of the market research.

c) The classification requirements are to ensure the construction soundness and a safe means

of transport for cargo or passengers.

d) Statutory regulations are the regulations that concern with the safety, environmental

control, and security, nationally as well as internationally.

4 requirements of a ship for operation

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