4 networking (pti imtelkom) ver2 0

7/29/2019 4 Networking (PTI IMTelkom) Ver2 0

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PENGENALAN DASAR

JARINGAN KOMPUTER


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Networking

Define what a network

means

List the basic components

of a data communicationsystem

Explain the different types

of network configurations

or topologies

CHAPTER 8

Objectives:
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Communications Adalah Proses yang mana dua atau lebihkomputer mentransfer data, instruksi, daninformasi.


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CommunicationApa yang diperlukan untuk keberhasilan komunikasi?

Sendingdevice initiates

instruction to

transmit data,

instructions, or

information

Receiving

device accepts

transmission of data,

instructions, or

information

Communications

channel media

on which data,

instructions, or

information travel

Communication Device Communication Device


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Communication

Communication Device

SendingDevice ReceivingDevice

Communication channels


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Networks (jaringan komputer)Networksekumpulan

komputer dan

peralatannya

tersambung dengan

kanal komunikasiMemfasilitasi

komunikasi,share hardware,data daninformation,software, dll


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Definisi Jaringan komputer adalah sekumpulan

peralatan komputer yang dihubungkan agar

dapat saling berkomunikasi dengan tujuanmembagi sumber daya (seperti file dan printer).

Agar jaringan dapat berfungsi, dibutuhkanlayanan-layanan yang dapat mengatur

pembagian sumber daya. Dibutuhkan aturan-aturan (protocols)yang

mengatur komunikasi dan layanan-layanansecara umum untuk seluruh sistem jaringan


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Mengapa Komputer Dibentuk Jaringan?

Keinginan untuk sharing Resources (Printer,

Harddisk, dll) Komunikasi (Email, Chating, dll)

Integrasi data pada aplikasi.


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Keuntungan Jaringan Komputer Memungkinkan orang-orang untuk share computer

hardware resources, sehingga menghemat biaya

Memungkinkan orang-orang share data dan software

program sehingga meningkatkan efisiensi danproduktifitas

Memungkinkan orang-orang bekerja bersama-sama atau

kolaborasi, hal itu rasanya mustahil tanpa dukungan

teknologi jaringan komputer

Kerugian Jaringan Komputer

Ancaman keamanan data dan informasi

Ancaman virus, dll


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Evolusi Jaringan Komputer Mainframe pada era 1960-1970 an

LAN (Local Area Network) pada era 1970-1980 an


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Evolusi Jaringan Komputer WAN (Wide Area Network) pada era 1980-1990 an

Internet pada era 1990


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TYPES OF NETWORKS:

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

Networks


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Type of Networks1. Local Area Network (LAN)

Jaringan bersifat pribadi

Rumah, Lab Komputer Sekolah atau GedungPerkantoran


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2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Network yangmeng-cover areageografis

Menyambungkan

antar LAN dalamsatu Kota.

Type of Networks


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3. Wide Area Network (WAN)

Network yang

meng-cover areageografis lebihluas, mencakupNegara.

Terdiri atas 2 ataulebih LAN/MAN

Internet adalahWAN dalam

cakupan Dunia

communication

s satellite

Type of Networks


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Bagaimana data ditransmisikan ?

SignalAnalog adalah sinyal listrik dalam bentuk gelombang

(Sinus) dan lazim disebut carrier wave (Gelombang Pembawa).

Frequency berapa kali putaran per detik

Amplitude tinggi gelombang dalam

periode waktu tertentu

Volts Analog Signal

5

0

-5

(sec)

2 complete cycles in 1 sec.

Frequency = 1Hz,Amplitude = 10v


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signalDigital terdiri dari pulsa elektrik yang

merepresentasikan group bits menjadi bytes.

On/off - Ada/Tidak pulsa pada gelombang

diskontinyu

Merepresentasikan 0 atau 1. ( dua keadaan)

0

5

(sec)1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0

Volts Digital Signal

2 states On - 5v - 1 and OFF - 0v 0

Bagaimana data ditransmisikan ?


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Communication DevicesFungsi communications devices

Mampu mentransmisikan data, instruksi dan informasi

antara pengirim dan penerima.


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Contoh communications devices

Yang umum dipakai adalah dial-upmodems, ISDN dan DSL modems, cable

modems, wireless modems, network cards,wireless access points,

routers, dan hubs

Communication Devices


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Communication DevicesModem (Modulate/demodulate)

Transmission speed

speed dimana modem mentransmisikan data

Diukur dalam - bits per second (bps) atau kilobits

per second (kbps)

Komputer menggunakan signal

digital dan beberapa channel

komunikasi menggunakansignal analog.

Konversi signal digital ke signal

analog dan sebaliknya
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://cd.tradehelper.or.kr/member/brad/ADSL%20Modem.jpgjpg&imgrefurl=http://cd.tradehelper.or.kr/showroom/category.asp?hscode=84&h=1912&w=2944&sz=1042&hl=en&start=6&tbnid=GDidHeTY5H-EgM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=MODEM&gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en


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MODULATION DEMODULATION

MODEM

To convert a

digital signal into

an analog signal

To convert an

analog signal into

a digital signal


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Type of Modem

External Modem

Internal Modem

PC Card Modem

Wireless Modem



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Network cards

Adapter card, PC Card

or flash card that enables

a computer or device to

access network.

called network

interface card (NIC)


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Communication DevicesWireless Access Point

Allows computers and

devices to transfer data

wirelessly amongthemselves or wirelesslyto

a wired network.


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Communication DevicesRouter

menghubungkan

berbagai komputer danmemancarkan paket

data ke alamat tujuan


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Communication Channels

Bandwidth

jumlah data yang

dapat dilewatkan pada

suatu saluran

komunikasi

Media Transmisi adalah yang mana data, instruksi

atau informasi melewati sistem komunikasi

Type of transmission

media

Physical

Wireless


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Kawat, kabel dan

material lainnya yangdigunakan untuk

mengirim signal

komunikasi.

Media Transmisi Fisik


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Twisted - Pair cable

the wires are twisted together to reduce noise -

electrical disturbance

suitable for short distances

used for telephone systems and network cabling



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Coaxial cable

produce high quality transmission

often used for cable television wiring

advantages:

less affected by electrical interference noise




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Fiber optics cable

Dari bahan glass mengirim data dengan berkas

cahaya

Keuntungan:

Membawa lebih banyak signal data

Transmisi data lebih cepat

Kecil dipengaruhi oleh noise Ukuran fisik kecil

Kerugian:

Investasi lebih mahal

Sulit menginstalasi atau pun modifikasi

Communication ChannelsMedia Transmisi Fisik


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Digunakan ketika merepotkan, tidak praktis, atau

tidak memungkinkan menginstalasi kabel

Media Transmisi WirelessCommunication Channels


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Infrared

Mengirim signal menggunakan

infrared light waves (gelombang

sinar infra merah).

Baik untuk jarak dekat

Mobile devices seperti

handphone, notebook dan PDA.

Communication ChannelsMedia Transmisi Wireless


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Broadcast Radio

distributes radio signalthrough the air over some

distance.

It need transmitter (send

signal) and receiver

E.g: Bluetooth, HomeRF,

Wi-Fi technology


Cellular Radio

Form of broadcast radio mobile

communication

Transmit voice and

digital data messages

Categories of cellular

transmission : 1G, 2G,

3G

Media Transmisi Wireless


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Microwave

transmission

used radio waves

that provide a high-

speed signaltransmission

Line-of-sight(LoS)

transmission


Microwave station



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Satellite transmission

Space stations sendand receive signals from

earth-based stations .

Geosynchronous orbit -

the place that allows thesatellite to remain

positioned over the same

spot on earth




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Dial up lines Temporary connection using telephone line for

communications (need to reestablish theconnection )

Modem has to convert digital data into analog

signal before it can travel through the telephone

network.

Communication Over the Telephone Line


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ISDN lines

Digital transmission of data over standard copper

telephone line Needs ISDN modem

Advantages:

data transmission speed is faster than dial-up

modem

the ISDN circuit has two phone lines

to connect to the Internet

to talk on the phone



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T-Carrier Lines

Digital telephone line that carry multiple

signals over a signal communication channel.Provides very fast data transfer rates.

Used by large companies - expensive

T1 - Most popular T-carrier line



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ADSL

Digital telephone line for small business and

home user.

Can transmit at fast speed

An example of this service is the streamyx

connection provide by TM bhd.user who subscribed to this line need to have an

ADSL modem.



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LANNetwork Topologies

Configuration, or physical arrangement, of devices in a

communications network Networks usually use combinations of three topologies

bus ring star


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Bus network

All computers and devices connect to central

cable or bus Murah dan mudah menginstalasinya

LAN - Network Topologies


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Ring network

Kabel dalam bentuk ring

tertutup, atau loop,dengan semuakomputer dan alatlainnya diaturdisepanjang ring

Data berjalan daridevice ke devicemengelilingi ring,dalam satu tujuan



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Star network

All devices connect

to a centralcomputer, called thehub

Data ditransfer dari

satu komputer kelainnya melewatihub

HUB

printer



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LAN - Network Communication Standard Kombinasi yang spesifik tentang h/w dan s/w yang

mengijinkan alat yang berbeda pada beberapa jenisjaringan dapat tersambung atau berkomunikasi

Ethernet Token Ring

TCP/IP Wi-Fi

Bluetooth

IrDa


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Ethernet

Teknologi LAN yang

memungkinkan PCuntuk berpacumengakses network

Didasari (based on)

bus/ star technology

personal

computer

personal

computer

personal

computer

personal

computer

personal

computer

LAN - Network Communication Standard


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Token Ring

Technology controls access to network

by requiring devices to pass a special signal,called token

Only device with token

can transmit data over

network at a time



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TCP/IP

Menggambarkan

bagaimana data

berjalan pada

Internetdata

dikirim ke alamat

tujuan yang benar. Mengirim data

dalam bentuk kecil

packets

PacketsData divided into small

pieces

TCPBreaks the message into

data packets and

reassembles them once

reach their destination.

IPAssign each packet a unique

address.



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Wi-Fi

Define how data should travel through the

wireless network

Hot spots

provide users to connect to theinternet wirelessly with their

wireless mobile devices



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Bluetooth

o Define how two

Bluetooth devices use

short range radio waves

to transmit data

o Bluetooth devices

contains small chip toallow it to communicate.


IrDa

o Define how data istransmitted via infrared

light waves

o Line-of-sight

transmission


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Connection and cabling system

Use either wire / wireless transmission.

Computer with NIC

Networking OS Bridge

a combination of hardware and software thatrecognizes the messages on a network andpasses on to the receiving nodes in anothernetwork.

To connect similar network..

LAN - Component


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Router

Gateway

Allows a node to communicate with anothernode on a dissimilar network (eg : Star to

Ethernet)

LAN - Component


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The design of computers, devices and mediain a network.

LAN network categories:

Client/Server

Peer-to-Peer

Internet peer-to-peer

LAN - ARCHITECTURE


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Client/server Server 1 or more computer that controls the network

Client other computers that can request services from

the serverclient client client

serverlaser printer

LAN - ARCHITECTURE


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Peer-to-peer

Small network that

shares hardware, data

or information locatedon any computer in

the network

Each computer is

called peer

printer may be used by

all computers on

network

network operating

system and

application software

installed on eachcomputerLAN - ARCHITECTURE


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Characteristics ofpeer-2-peer.

Setiap komputer pada jaringan berkomunikasi

langsung dengan dengan lainnya tanpa melewatiserver.

Setiap komputer punya status, tanggung jawab, dan

kemampuan yang sama. Simple, murah, cocok untuk very small businesses

dan home users.

Kerugiannya kecepatan rendah

LAN - ARCHITECTURE


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Internetpeer-to-peer (P2P)

Enables users to

exchange file directlyfrom the hard disk overthe Internet

Criteria :

1. use compatiblesoftware

2. connected to theInternet

LAN - ARCHITECTURE


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INTERNET

Internet is worldwide collection of networks that

links millions of computers together

allows all of the computers to communicate with

one another

E-mail

Information

Shopping

Meeting people

Entertainment


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INTERNET

ISP

home user

THEINTERNET
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://www.libcoop.net/mcl/j0382584.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.libcoop.net/mcl/computer.htm&h=1050&w=1050&sz=116&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=nwhWEqaSTc8jRM:&tbnh=150&tbnw=150&prev=/images?q=computer&gbv=2&svnum=10&hl=en


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INTERNET PROTOCOLInternet Protocol (IP)

language that computers use to communicate overthe Internet

http://www.mmu.edu.my/~fosee/staff/jun.html

Protocol Domain

Name

Path File Name

IP Address

- Unique identifying number

- E.g. 10.0.48.50, 209.11.168.133, 74.125.19.99,

209.131.36.158


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1. A(n) ____________ broadcasts

messages to all devices connected to a

LANA. switch

B. port

C. hub

D. node

Answer : C


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2. The primary difference between a LAN

and a WAN is the

A. number of software programs available.B. geographical area.

C. variety of hardware devices.

D. number of hardware devices.

Answer : B


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3. A(n) ____________ converts a message

from digital to analog or from analog to

digital.A. hub

B. modem

C. switch

D. Ethernet

Answer : B


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4. A(n) ____________ converts a message

from digital to analog or from analog to

digital.A. cable modem

B. fiber-optic cable

C. wireless connection

D. phone cable

Answer : C


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5. A(n) ____________ signal is

represented by a continuous wave.

A. analogB. digital

C. bandwidth

D. baud

Answer : A


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